Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) PDF

Author: World Health Organization

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2020-05-11

Total Pages: 58

ISBN-13: 9240002707

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WHO estimates that in 2015, 257 million people were living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection worldwide, and that 900 000 had died from HBV infection, mostly as a result of cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Most HBV-associated deaths among adults are secondary to infections acquired at birth or in the first five years of life. In May 2016, the World Health Assembly endorsed the Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis, which calls for the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030 (defined as a 90% reduction in incidence of new infections and a 65% reduction in mortality). Elimination of HBV infection as a public health threat requires a reduction in the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to below 0.1% in children 5 years of age. This can be achieved through universal immunization of newborns against hepatitis B and other interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HBV. These guidelines provide evidence-based guidance on the use of peripartum antiviral prophylaxis in HBsAg-positive pregnant women for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV.

Guidelines for the Prevention Care and Treatment of Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Guidelines for the Prevention Care and Treatment of Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection PDF

Author: WHO.

Publisher:

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789240694026

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These are the first World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for theprevention care and treatment of persons living with CHB infection andcomplement similar recent published guidance by WHO on the prevention care and treatment of infection due to the hepatitis C virus (HCV). In contrastto several recent international guidelines on the management of CHB infectionfrom the United States Europe Asia-Pacific and the United Kingdom (UK) theprimary audience for these WHO guidelines is country programme managers inall settings but particularly in LMICs to help plan the development and scale up.

Liver Disease in Children

Liver Disease in Children PDF

Author: Frederick J. Suchy

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2021-03-18

Total Pages: 875

ISBN-13: 1108911374

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Liver disease in children is increasing in prevalence, placing a huge burden on healthcare systems and often requiring long-term management. Offering an integrative approach to the science and clinical practice of pediatric hepatology, this is the definitive reference text for improved diagnosis and treatment strategies. In the new edition of this authoritative text, chapters have been thoroughly revised in line with major advances in the field, such as recognizing the increased frequency of fatty liver disease, and how genetic testing has the potential to establish earlier diagnoses for a variety of diseases. Disorders covered include cholestasis, metabolic disorders and hepatitis, with their presentation across the spectrum of infancy, childhood and adolescence discussed. The indications and surgical aspects of liver transplant are explained and post-transplant care is described in detail. This is a valuable resource for pediatricians, hepatologists, gastroenterologists and all clinicians involved in the care of children with liver diseases.

Eliminating the Public Health Problem of Hepatitis B and C in the United States

Eliminating the Public Health Problem of Hepatitis B and C in the United States PDF

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2016-06-01

Total Pages: 187

ISBN-13: 0309438020

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Hepatitis B and C cause most cases of hepatitis in the United States and the world. The two diseases account for about a million deaths a year and 78 percent of world's hepatocellular carcinoma and more than half of all fatal cirrhosis. In 2013 viral hepatitis, of which hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common types, surpassed HIV and AIDS to become the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. The world now has the tools to prevent hepatitis B and cure hepatitis C. Perfect vaccination could eradicate HBV, but it would take two generations at least. In the meantime, there is no cure for the millions of people already infected. Conversely, there is no vaccine for HCV, but new direct-acting antivirals can cure 95 percent of chronic infections, though these drugs are unlikely to reach all chronically-infected people anytime soon. This report, the first of two, examines the feasibility of hepatitis B and C elimination in the United States and identifies critical success factors. The phase two report will outline a strategy for meeting the elimination goals discussed in this report.

Guidelines on Hepatitis B and C Testing

Guidelines on Hepatitis B and C Testing PDF

Author: World Health Organization

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789241549981

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Testing and diagnosis of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infection is the gateway for access to both prevention and treatment services, and is a crucial component of an effective response to the hepatitis epidemic. Early identification of persons with chronic HBV or HCV infection enables them to receive the necessary care and treatment to prevent or delay progression of liver disease. Testing also provides an opportunity to link people to interventions to reduce transmission, through counselling on risk behaviors and provision of prevention commodities (such as sterile needles and syringes) and hepatitis B vaccination. These are the first WHO guidelines on testing for chronic HBV and HCV infection and complement published guidance by WHO on the prevention, care and treatment of chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis B infection. These guidelines outline the public health approach to strengthening and expanding current testing practices for HBV and HCV, and are intended for use across age groups and populations.

Introducing a framework for implementing triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B virus

Introducing a framework for implementing triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B virus PDF

Author: World Health Organization

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2024-02-02

Total Pages: 22

ISBN-13: 9240086781

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Triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B virus (HBV) requires a person- centred service delivery approach that meets the needs of and supports the rights of women, newborns, children and families and requires building cross-programmatic efficiencies that leverage and strengthen existing platforms for HIV, syphilis and HBV prevention, testing, treatment and care. With the recent release of guidance for validation of triple elimination and the 2023 guidance on country validation of viral hepatitis elimination and the path to elimination, WHO and partners have developed an accompanying 4 pillars framework for triple elimination implementation. The new framework will guide efforts to expand the focus of service delivery from elimination of MTCT of HIV to triple elimination of HIV, syphilis and HBV. The 4 pillars are: 1. Primary prevention of infection and vertical transmission; 2. SRH linkages and integration; 3. Essential maternal EMTCT services; and 4. Infant, child and partner services.

Global guidance on criteria and processes for validation

Global guidance on criteria and processes for validation PDF

Author:

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2021-11-26

Total Pages: 86

ISBN-13: 9240039368

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The global community has committed to elimination of mother-to-child transmission, or vertical transmission, of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a public health priority and reducing global disease burden, quality reproductive, maternal and child health services to a level no longer a public health concern. Achieving and maintaining elimination requires strong political and public health commitment. Strengthened, resilient health systems improve a broad range of services and outcomes while similarities in prevention interventions add to the benefit of an integrated approach. Validation is an attestation that a country has successfully met standard criteria for elimination, or for being at one of the 3 levels of achievement on the ‘Path to Elimination’ while delivering quality services for women, girls and their children, through the life-course, respecting human rights and ensuring gender equality and community engagement. It requires systems that comprehensively identify and monitor new infections and infant outcomes. Establishment of criteria for validation began in 2007 with global consultations while lessons learnt advised publication of 2 editions of global guidance on criteria and processes for validation: elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis (the ‘Orange Book’). This document, the third version, adds on EMTCT of HBV, bringing together a package of interventions and metrics to support integrated management and monitoring of vertical transmission across a wide range of epidemiological and programmatic contexts.

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