Precipitation Partitioning by Vegetation

Precipitation Partitioning by Vegetation PDF

Author: John T. Van Stan, II

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-01-01

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 3030297020

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This book presents research on precipitation partitioning processes in vegetated ecosystems, putting them into a global context. It describes the processes by which meteoric water comes into contact with the vegetation's canopy, typically the first surface contact of precipitation on land. It also discusses how precipitation partitioning by vegetation impacts the amount, patterning, and chemistry of water reaching the surface, as well as the amount and timing of evaporative return to the atmosphere. Although this process has been extensively studied, this is the first review of the global literature on the partitioning of precipitation by forests, shrubs, crops, grasslands and other less-studies plant types. The authors offer global contextualization combined with a detailed discussion of the impacts for the climate and terrestrial ecohydrological systems. As such, this comprehensive overview is a valuable reference tool for a wide range of specialists and students in the fields of geoscience and the environment.

Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry

Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry PDF

Author: Delphis F. Levia

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-06-15

Total Pages: 734

ISBN-13: 9400713630

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This international rigorously peer-reviewed volume critically synthesizes current knowledge in forest hydrology and biogeochemistry. It is a one-stop comprehensive reference tool for researchers and practitioners in the fields of hydrology, biogeoscience, ecology, forestry, boundary-layer meteorology, and geography. Following an introductory chapter tracing the historical roots of the subject, the book is divided into the following main sections: · Sampling and Novel Approaches · Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry by Ecoregion and Forest Type · Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Fluxes from the Canopy to the Phreatic Surface · Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Fluxes in Forest Ecosystems: Effects of Time, Stressors, and Humans The volume concludes with a final chapter that reflects on the current state of knowledge and identifies some areas in need of further research.

Urban Climates

Urban Climates PDF

Author: T. R. Oke

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2017-09-14

Total Pages: 549

ISBN-13: 1108179363

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Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.

Dryland Ecohydrology

Dryland Ecohydrology PDF

Author: Paolo D'Odorico

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2006-01-09

Total Pages: 358

ISBN-13: 9781402042591

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Ecohydrology emerges as a new field of research aiming at furthering our understanding of the earth system through the study of the interactions between the water cycle and vegetation. By combining the analysis of biotic and abiotic components of terrestrial ecosystems, this volume provides a synthesis of material on arid and semiarid landscapes, which is currently spread in a number of books and journal articles. The focus on water-limited ecosystems is motivated by their high sensitivity to daily, seasonal, and decadal perturbations in water availability, and by the ecologic, climatic, and economic significance of most of the drylands around the world. Conceived as a tool for scientists working in the area of the earth and environmental sciences, this book presents the basic principles of eco-hydrology as well as a broad spectrum of topics and advances in this research field. The chapters collected in this book have been contributed by authors with different expertise, who work in several arid areas around the World. They describe the various interactions among the biological and physical dynamics in dryland ecosystems, starting from basic processes in the soil-vegetation-climate system, to landscape-scale hydrologic and geomorphic processes, ecohydrologic controls on soil nutrient dynamics, and multiscale analyses of disturbances and patterns.

Forest Hydrology

Forest Hydrology PDF

Author: Devendra Amatya

Publisher: CABI

Published: 2016-09-14

Total Pages: 308

ISBN-13: 1780646607

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Forests cover approximately 26% of the world's land surface area and represent a distinct biotic community. They interact with water and soil in a variety of ways, providing canopy surfaces which trap precipitation and allow evaporation back into the atmosphere, thus regulating how much water reaches the forest floor as through fall, as well as pull water from the soil for transpiration. The discipline "forest hydrology" has been developed throughout the 20th century. During that time human intervention in natural landscapes has increased, and land use and management practices have intensified. The book will be useful for graduate students, professionals, land managers, practitioners, and researchers with a good understanding of the basic principles of hydrology and hydrologic processes.

Only in Africa

Only in Africa PDF

Author: Norman Owen-Smith

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2021-10-07

Total Pages: 379

ISBN-13: 1108832598

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Demonstrates how Africa's physical features, savannas and abundant grazers enabled frugivorous apes to become savanna-living hunters.

Handbook of HydroInformatics

Handbook of HydroInformatics PDF

Author: Saeid Eslamian

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2022-12-06

Total Pages: 420

ISBN-13: 0128219505

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Advanced Machine Learning Techniques includes the theoretical foundations of modern machine learning, as well as advanced methods and frameworks used in modern machine learning. Handbook of HydroInformatics, Volume II: Advanced Machine Learning Techniques presents both the art of designing good learning algorithms, as well as the science of analyzing an algorithm's computational and statistical properties and performance guarantees. The global contributors cover theoretical foundational topics such as computational and statistical convergence rates, minimax estimation, and concentration of measure as well as advanced machine learning methods, such as nonparametric density estimation, nonparametric regression, and Bayesian estimation; additionally, advanced frameworks such as privacy, causality, and stochastic learning algorithms are also included. Lastly, the volume presents Cloud and Cluster Computing, Data Fusion Techniques, Empirical Orthogonal Functions and Teleconnection, Internet of Things, Kernel-Based Modeling, Large Eddy Simulation, Patter Recognition, Uncertainty-Based Resiliency Evaluation, and Volume-Based Inverse Mode. This is an interdisciplinary book, and the audience includes postgraduates and early-career researchers interested in: Computer Science, Mathematical Science, Applied Science, Earth and Geoscience, Geography, Civil Engineering, Engineering, Water Science, Atmospheric Science, Social Science, Environment Science, Natural Resources, Chemical Engineering. Key insights from 24 contributors in the fields of data management research, climate change and resilience, insufficient data problem, etc. Offers applied examples and case studies in each chapter, providing the reader with real world scenarios for comparison. Defines both the designing of good learning algorithms, as well as the science of analyzing an algorithm's computational and statistical properties and performance guarantees.

Forests for Public Health

Forests for Public Health PDF

Author: Christos Gallis

Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Published: 2020-08-10

Total Pages: 340

ISBN-13: 1527557901

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Forests have diverse values and functions that produce not only material products, but also non-material services. The health functions provided by forests have been used for a very long time, but they have only been emphasized in many fields of society in recent years. The rapid increase in urbanization and the problems of stress, sedentary occupations, and hazardous urban environmental conditions due to modern life may be factors that place great demand on forests’ health functions. Scientific research has shown that there are various psychological and physiological human health benefits of exposure to forests, parks, and green spaces. This collection of papers highlights up-to-date findings and evidence to reveal the beneficial effects of forests on human and public health. The findings provided here can be implemented in practice and policy using forests and nature for human and public health.

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