Position and Change

Position and Change PDF

Author: L. Lindahl

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 311

ISBN-13: 9401012024

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The present study which I have subtitled A Study in Law and Logic was prompted by the question of whether an investigation into law and legal systems could lead to the discovery of unrevealed fundamental patterns common to all such systems. This question was further stimulated by two interrelated problems. Firstly, could an inquiry be rooted in specifically legal matters, as distinct from the more usual writings on deontic logic? Secondly, could such inquiry yield a theory which would nevertheless embrace a strict and simple logical structure, permitting substantive conclusions in legal matters to be deduced from simple rules governing some basic concepts? Before the development of deontic logic, W. N. Hohfeld devoted his efforts to this question at the beginning of this century. However, with this exception, few jurists have studied the interrelation between law and logic projected in this way. Nevertheless, two great names are to be found, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Jeremy Bentham-both philo sophers with legal as weIl as logical training. Bentham's investigations of logical patterns in law have only recently attracted attention; and as for Leibniz, his achievements are still almost totally unexplored (his most important writings on law and logic have not even been translated from Latin). My initial interest in the question was evoked by Professor Stig Kanger. Although primarily a logician and philosopher, Stig Kanger has been interested also in the fundamentals of legal theory.

Party Position Change in American Politics

Party Position Change in American Politics PDF

Author: David Karol

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2009-11-23

Total Pages: 327

ISBN-13: 113948477X

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America's two party system is highly stable, but its parties' issue positions are not. Democrats and Republicans have changed sides on many subjects, including trade, civil rights, defense spending, and fiscal policy, and polarized on newer issues like abortion and gun control. Yet party position change remains poorly understood. In this book David Karol views parties as coalitions of groups with intense preferences on particular issues managed by politicians. He explains important variations in party position change: the speed of shifts, the stability of new positions, and the extent to which change occurs via adaptation by incumbents. Karol shows that the key question is whether parties are reacting to changed preferences of coalition components, incorporating new constituencies, or experimenting on 'groupless' issues. He reveals that adaptation by incumbents is a far greater source of change than previously recognized. This study enhances our understanding of parties, interest groups, and representation.

Transfer of Habituation of Motion Sickness on Change in Body Position Between Vertical and Horizontal in a Rotating Environment

Transfer of Habituation of Motion Sickness on Change in Body Position Between Vertical and Horizontal in a Rotating Environment PDF

Author: Ashton Graybiel

Publisher:

Published: 1968

Total Pages: 44

ISBN-13:

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The changing symptomatology manifested by four normal young subjects throughout exposure to rotation in a Slow Rotation Room (SRR) was used in studying susceptibility to SRR sickness and transfer effects. A comparison was made between the effects of rotation in the SRR with man parallel (vertical mode) and those when he was at right angles (horizontal mode) to the axis of rotation, the situation in a rotating spacecraft. Attention was focused on motion sickness, ataxia, and the phenomenon of transfer of habituation. Susceptibility to motion sickness was similar in the two orientational modes. With the limitations of the experiment, the findings regarding SRR sickness indicate that habituation acquired in the SRR in one mode transfers to the other mode. The postrotatory perseveration of postural habituation to the rotating environment long after cessation of rotation shed some light on the underlying homeostatic mechanism involved. (Author).

Party Position Change in American Politics

Party Position Change in American Politics PDF

Author: David Karol

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2009-11-23

Total Pages: 327

ISBN-13: 0521517168

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In this book David Karol explains important variations in party position change, enhancing our understanding of parties, interest groups, and representation.

Switch

Switch PDF

Author: Chip Heath

Publisher: Crown Currency

Published: 2010-02-16

Total Pages: 322

ISBN-13: 030759016X

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Why is it so hard to make lasting changes in our companies, in our communities, and in our own lives? The primary obstacle is a conflict that's built into our brains, say Chip and Dan Heath, authors of the critically acclaimed bestseller Made to Stick. Psychologists have discovered that our minds are ruled by two different systems - the rational mind and the emotional mind—that compete for control. The rational mind wants a great beach body; the emotional mind wants that Oreo cookie. The rational mind wants to change something at work; the emotional mind loves the comfort of the existing routine. This tension can doom a change effort - but if it is overcome, change can come quickly. In Switch, the Heaths show how everyday people - employees and managers, parents and nurses - have united both minds and, as a result, achieved dramatic results: • The lowly medical interns who managed to defeat an entrenched, decades-old medical practice that was endangering patients • The home-organizing guru who developed a simple technique for overcoming the dread of housekeeping • The manager who transformed a lackadaisical customer-support team into service zealots by removing a standard tool of customer service In a compelling, story-driven narrative, the Heaths bring together decades of counterintuitive research in psychology, sociology, and other fields to shed new light on how we can effect transformative change. Switch shows that successful changes follow a pattern, a pattern you can use to make the changes that matter to you, whether your interest is in changing the world or changing your waistline.

Leading Change

Leading Change PDF

Author: John P. Kotter

Publisher: Harvard Business Press

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 210

ISBN-13: 1422186431

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From the ill-fated dot-com bubble to unprecedented merger and acquisition activity to scandal, greed, and, ultimately, recession -- we've learned that widespread and difficult change is no longer the exception. By outlining the process organizations have used to achieve transformational goals and by identifying where and how even top performers derail during the change process, Kotter provides a practical resource for leaders and managers charged with making change initiatives work.