Operational Art in Pontiac's War - 1763 Pan-Indian Movement Attack on British Forts in Great Lakes Region, Pays D'en Haut and the Ottawa Chief Pontiac, Bradstreet and Bouquet Campaigns

Operational Art in Pontiac's War - 1763 Pan-Indian Movement Attack on British Forts in Great Lakes Region, Pays D'en Haut and the Ottawa Chief Pontiac, Bradstreet and Bouquet Campaigns PDF

Author: U. S. Military

Publisher:

Published: 2017-01-30

Total Pages: 63

ISBN-13: 9781520489551

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Pontiac's War began on 6 May 1763 when a pan-Indian movement attacked several British forts in the Great Lakes region, also known as the pays d'en haut. Pontiac's War emerged following the French defeat in the French and Indian War, as it was known in America. The Ottawa chief Pontiac rallied support from several different Indian tribes to fight in defiance of Major General Jeffrey Amherst's new Indian policies. The Indians' surprise attacks seized eight British forts and placed two others under siege. Amherst responded with enough British forces to maintain a foothold in the pay's d'en haut through the end of 1763. In 1764, the British dispatched Colonel John Bradstreet and Colonel Henry Bouquet into the pay's d'en haut to pacify the hostile Indians and reassert control. The war finally ended when Sir William Johnson, the Indian Superintendent representing George III, negotiated treaties with the major tribes of the pays d'en haut in 1765. This monograph explores Pontiac's War to find elements of operational art in a historical study of a brutal conflict in colonial America. Operational planners will be able to better understand how to apply operational art in future irregular conflicts. The loss of French power in the Great Lakes region was an unsatisfactory end for allied Indians following the French and Indian War. Most tribes in the area had developed long-term relationships with the French settlers and crown through trade, social, political, and military interactions. The settlement that ended the war, the 1763 Peace of Paris, had turned Canada, the Ohio Country, and the existing French forts over to British possession. The British policy towards the Indians resulted in increased tensions with the tribes in the region. Many Indian nations began to see the British presence as a direct threat to Indian sovereignty, which resulted in a tenuous relationship with British rule. These tensions caused the Ottawa chief Pontiac to create a coalition of tribes to rise against the British. After building consent among some regional tribes, the coalition was able to overtake, in an impressive manner, several British forts through decentralized tactical actions that surprised the British regulars. The British regulars, commanded by General Sir Jeffery Amherst, developed plans to reassert control in the Great Lakes region in response to the Indian uprising. Pontiac's War began in the summer of 1763 with the siege of Fort Detroit and ended three years later with a treaty at Fort Niagara. Pontiac's Rebellion provides an opportunity for military planners to better understand the utility of the current US Army doctrinal concept of operational art. The tribal coalition was able to work together regardless of tribal differences to influence British actions in the Great Lakes region. The initial success of the Indians in 1763 forced both a political and military reaction from the British. As a political measure, the Proclamation of 1763 was the first British attempt to regulate land use of the new empire and protect the Indians perception of land ownership was safe from British expansion.

Never Come to Peace Again

Never Come to Peace Again PDF

Author: David Dixon

Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 384

ISBN-13: 9780806136561

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Prior to the American Revolution, the Ohio River Valley was a cauldron of competing interests: Indian, colonial, and imperial. The conflict known as Pontiac’s Uprising, which lasted from 1763 until 1766, erupted out of this volatile atmosphere. Never Come to Peace Again, the first complete account of Pontiac’s Uprising to appear in nearly fifty years, is a richly detailed account of the causes, conduct, and consequences of events that proved pivotal in American colonial history. When the Seven Years’ War ended in 1760, French forts across the wilderness passed into British possession. Recognizing that they were just exchanging one master for another, Native tribes of the Ohio valley were angered by this development. Led by an Ottawa chief named Pontiac, a confederation of tribes, including the Delaware, Seneca, Chippewa, Miami, Potawatomie, and Huron, rose up against the British. Ultimately unsuccessful, the prolonged and widespread rebellion nevertheless took a heavy toll on British forces. Even more devastating to the British was the rise in revolutionary sentiment among colonists in response to the rebellion. For Dixon, Pontiac’s Uprising was far more than a bloody interlude between Great Britain’s two wars of the eighteenth century. It was the bridge that linked the Seven Years’ War with the American Revolution.

Pontiac and the Indian Uprising

Pontiac and the Indian Uprising PDF

Author: Howard Henry Peckham

Publisher: Wayne State University Press

Published: 1994

Total Pages: 388

ISBN-13: 9780814324691

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Pontiac and the Indian Uprising is both informative and reflective of the attitudes that existed fifty years ago about Native Americans.

Pontiac's War, 1763-1766

Pontiac's War, 1763-1766 PDF

Author: David Goodnough

Publisher: New York : F. Watts

Published: 1970-01-01

Total Pages: 72

ISBN-13: 9780531010181

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Traces the movements of the Indian leader Pontiac in organizing the Indian tribes of the Mississippi valley against the intruding English in 1760.

The Conspiracy of Pontiac and the Indian War After the Conquest of Canada: To the massacre at Michillimackinac

The Conspiracy of Pontiac and the Indian War After the Conquest of Canada: To the massacre at Michillimackinac PDF

Author: Francis Parkman

Publisher: U of Nebraska Press

Published: 1994-01-01

Total Pages: 412

ISBN-13: 9780803287334

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Francis Parkman, America's greatest narrative historian, immortal for The Oregon Trail (1849), devoted much of his career to writing about the struggle of France and England for domination in America. The Conspiracy of Pontiac is an account of the Indian wars that occurred on the Appalachian frontier, extending from western Virginia to what is now Wisconsin and Michigan, in 1763-65. ø Parkman portrays the inflammatory situation that led up to and followed the French and Indian War. With France's loss of its North American colonies in 1763, the English took possession of French posts, English traders swarmed into Indian areas, and Anglo-American settlers pushed westward into what is now western Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia. The consequence was widespread conflict?usually known as Pontiac's War, after the Ottawa leader. ø Volume 1 begins with a discussion of Indian tribes east of the Mississippi River, with emphasis on the Iroquois and Algonquin families. Parkman expands to include the French and British in the New World and their inevitable collision. Chief Pontiac enters the picture after the surrender of Canada by the French at Montreal in 1760. Because the French had befriended the Indians, the latter soon felt discontent with the victorious English. Revolt was in the air, and Parkman describes Pontiac's "conspiracy" in directing a siege against Detroit. Volume 2 shows the British forts and settlements in America under attack in 1763 by Pontiac's coalition of tribes. Pontiac made peace with the English in 1765, and four years later came to a violent end.

"A Most Troublesome Situation"

Author: Timothy J. Todish

Publisher:

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 228

ISBN-13:

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"At the conclusion of the French Indian War, the triumphant British took possession of a vast area west of the Appalachians in the Great Lakes region. It was not only replete with a lucrative fur trade and almost infinite colonization possibilities, but also hostile Indians harboring lingering loyalties to their former French allies. It was not long before overly-strict British regulation of the fur trade, coupled with a perceived arrogance, further fueled Indian resentment of colonial expansion into their territories. Pontiac's Uprising, or Pontiac's Conspiracy, of 1763, named after the Ottawa chief generally recognized as one of its main catalysts, was the violent, sometimes horrifying tribal reaction in 1763 against two short years of controversial British military rule. This important new book looks at the Pontiac Uprising through the eyes of the British military, yet treats both sides fairly and honestly.

Pontiac's War

Pontiac's War PDF

Author: Hourly History

Publisher:

Published: 2021-05-17

Total Pages: 60

ISBN-13:

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Discover the remarkable history of Pontiac's War...Pontiac's War erupted in the Great Lakes region of North America just as the French and Indian War came to a close in 1763. The French, who had initially established a European presence there, were usurped by the British, whose relations with indigenous peoples were notoriously less diplomatic and more destructive. As a result, a Native American chief named Pontiac helped lead a coalition against the British. The outcome of Pontiac's War was not what either side intended, but it nevertheless helped shape the history of the region for decades to come. Discover a plethora of topics such as The History of British North America Prelude to War The Siege of Fort Detroit The War Escalates The Battle of Bushy Run The End of Pontiac's War And much more! So if you want a concise and informative book on Pontiac's War, simply scroll up and click the "Buy now" button for instant access!