Physical Separation and Enrichment

Physical Separation and Enrichment PDF

Author: Saeed Farrokhpay

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2020-04-01

Total Pages: 198

ISBN-13: 3039284363

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This book includes 12 papers from around the world on topics related to physical separation and enrichment in mineral processing. Physical separation is commonly used in the mineral industry to separate valuable minerals from gangues using differences in their physical properties. Physical separation methods have several advantages over other mineral processing techniques due to their high efficiency, low capital and operating costs, no additional chemicals required, and consequently, lower environmental hazard. They can be applied to the ores from mines or tailinsg, or in the recycling stage for scavenging the desired elements.

Inorganic Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry PDF

Author: J. Bassett

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2013-10-22

Total Pages: 356

ISBN-13: 1483151220

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Inorganic Chemistry: A Concise Text Inorganic Chemistry is intended to provide a concise text-book of inorganic chemistry at a standard intermediate between that required for Advanced Level in schools and honors degree courses. The book is organized into two parts. Part I provides the reader with a background of basic principles sufficient to promote a rational understanding of the chemistry of the elements, including simple ionic crystal structures and the shapes of molecules. It concludes with a chapter describing the general methods of extraction and purification of metals. Part II aims to present a reasonable selection of the more important properties of the elements and their compounds. Every effort has been made to include up-to-date factual material, for example recent developments in the chemistry of the noble gases are described in the final chapter of the book. Wherever possible, effort is made to interpret and explain the descriptive chemistry in the light of modern physical concepts. In this way, the reader will not only acquire a useful factual basis of the subject but will also develop an appreciation of the rational nature of modern inorganic chemistry.

The Theory of Isotope Separation as Applied to the Large Scale Production of U235

The Theory of Isotope Separation as Applied to the Large Scale Production of U235 PDF

Author: Karl Cohen

Publisher:

Published: 2015-03-07

Total Pages: 184

ISBN-13: 9784871877060

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Isotope separation is the process of concentrating specific isotopes of a chemical element by removing other isotopes. The use of the nuclides produced is various. The largest variety is used in research (e.g. in chemistry where atoms of "marker" nuclide are used to figure out reaction mechanisms). By tonnage, separating natural uranium into enriched uranium and depleted uranium is the largest application. In the following text, mainly the uranium enrichment is considered. This process is a crucial one in the manufacture of uranium fuel for nuclear power stations, and is also required for the creation of uranium based nuclear weapons. Plutonium-based weapons use plutonium produced in a nuclear reactor, which must be operated in such a way as to produce plutonium already of suitable isotopic mix or grade. While different chemical elements can be purified through chemical processes, isotopes of the same element have nearly identical chemical properties, which makes this type of separation impractical, except for separation of deuterium. There are three types of isotope separation techniques: Those based directly on the atomic weight of the isotope. Those based on the small differences in chemical reaction rates produced by different atomic weights. Those based on properties not directly connected to atomic weight, such as nuclear resonances. The third type of separation is still experimental; practical separation techniques all depend in some way on the atomic mass. It is therefore generally easier to separate isotopes with a larger relative mass difference. For example deuterium has twice the mass of ordinary (light) hydrogen and it is generally easier to purify it than to separate uranium-235 from the more common uranium-238. On the other extreme, separation of fissile plutonium-239 from the common impurity plutonium-240, while desirable in that it would allow the creation of gun-type nuclear weapons from plutonium, is generally agreed to be impractical.

Membrane Handbook

Membrane Handbook PDF

Author: Winston Ho

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 957

ISBN-13: 1461535484

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Membrane processes have wide industrial ap This handbook reviews the published litera plications covering many existing and emerging ture, presents an in-depth description of com uses in the chemical, petrochemical, petroleum, mercialized membrane processes, and gives a state-of-the-art review of new membrane pro environmental, water treatment, pharmaceutic al, medical, food, dairy, beverage, paper, tex cess concepts under development. It is intended tile, and electronic industries. The existing ap to be a single source of underlying principles, membranes, membrane modules, process de plications include: (1) dialysis for the purifica tion of human blood (the artificial kidney), (2) sign, applications, and cost estimates. It is also electrodialysis for the desalination of brackish a first attempt to bridge the gap between the water to produce potable water, (3) reverse theory and practice. osmosis for the desalination of seawater, (4) There are several groups which may benefit ultrafiltration for the concentration of large pro from this handbook. It can be used as educa tein molecules from cheese, casein whey, and tional material for industrial personnel engaged milk, and (5) microfiltration for the sterilization in membrane separations. For scientists and of pharmaceutical and medical products, beer, engineers active in research and development in wine, and soft drinks. Since membrane pro synthetic membranes, it will serve as a single cesses generally have low capital investment, as source of reference for the entire field.

Energy in Physics, War and Peace

Energy in Physics, War and Peace PDF

Author: Hans Mark

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 394

ISBN-13: 9400930313

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Writing even in overview of more than a half-century of professional life of a giant of twentieth century science and technology such as Edward Teller is a daunting task. We ask in advance the reader's pardon for passing over quickly or omitting entirely aspects of Teller's life and work which may seem of major significance but which we, due to differences of perspective or knowledge, speak too little or not at all. We refer those interested in greater depth to the excellent biography by Stanley Blumberg and Gwen Owens, The Life and Times of Edward Teller, and we have (with his permission) printed Professor Eugene Wigner's An Appreciation On the 60th Birthday of Edward Teller immediately after this foreword, so that the reader may consider the perspective of one of Teller's most illustrious contemporaries more than two decades ago. Edward Teller was born in Budapest, Hungary on January 15,1908. While his childhood was spent in the twilight of the Victorian age and its abrupt conclusion in the Great War and his youth in its especially turbulent after math in central Europe, he doesn't bear visible scars from it.

Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III

Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III PDF

Author: Candida Vilarinho

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2019-08-08

Total Pages: 607

ISBN-13: 1000712176

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Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III contains selected papers presented at the 5th edition of the International Conference Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities, that took place on 3-6 September 2019, in Costa da Caparica, Portugal. The Wastes conference, which takes place biennially, is a prime forum for sharing innovation, technological development and sustainable solutions for the waste management and recycling sectors around the world, counting with the participation of experts from academia and industry. The papers included in this book cover a wide range of topics, including: Wastes as construction materials; Wastes as fuels; Waste treatment technologies; MSW management; Recycling of wastes and materials recovery; Environmental, economic and social aspects in waste management; Life cycle assessment; Circular economy and wastes refineries; Logistics, policies, regulatory constraints and markets in waste management.

Integration of Omics Approaches and Systems Biology for Clinical Applications

Integration of Omics Approaches and Systems Biology for Clinical Applications PDF

Author: Antonia Vlahou

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2018-02-21

Total Pages: 386

ISBN-13: 1119181143

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Introduces readers to the state of the art of omics platforms and all aspects of omics approaches for clinical applications This book presents different high throughput omics platforms used to analyze tissue, plasma, and urine. The reader is introduced to state of the art analytical approaches (sample preparation and instrumentation) related to proteomics, peptidomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. In addition, the book highlights innovative approaches using bioinformatics, urine miRNAs, and MALDI tissue imaging in the context of clinical applications. Particular emphasis is put on integration of data generated from these different platforms in order to uncover the molecular landscape of diseases. The relevance of each approach to the clinical setting is explained and future applications for patient monitoring or treatment are discussed. Integration of omics Approaches and Systems Biology for Clinical Applications presents an overview of state of the art omics techniques. These methods are employed in order to obtain the comprehensive molecular profile of biological specimens. In addition, computational tools are used for organizing and integrating these multi-source data towards developing molecular models that reflect the pathophysiology of diseases. Investigation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and bladder cancer are used as test cases. These represent multi-factorial, highly heterogeneous diseases, and are among the most significant health issues in developed countries with a rapidly aging population. The book presents novel insights on CKD and bladder cancer obtained by omics data integration as an example of the application of systems biology in the clinical setting. Describes a range of state of the art omics analytical platforms Covers all aspects of the systems biology approach—from sample preparation to data integration and bioinformatics analysis Contains specific examples of omics methods applied in the investigation of human diseases (Chronic Kidney Disease, Bladder Cancer) Integration of omics Approaches and Systems Biology for Clinical Applications will appeal to a wide spectrum of scientists including biologists, biotechnologists, biochemists, biophysicists, and bioinformaticians working on the different molecular platforms. It is also an excellent text for students interested in these fields.

Rare Earth Elements

Rare Earth Elements PDF

Author: Marc Humphries

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 2010-11

Total Pages: 18

ISBN-13: 1437937985

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Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) What are Rare Earth Elements (REE)?; (3) Major End Uses and Applications: Demand for REE; The Application of REE in National Defense; (4) Rare Earth Resources and Production Potential; Supply Chain Issues; Role of China; (5) Rare Earth Legislation in the 111th Congress: H.R. 4866, and S. 3521, the Rare Earths Supply-Chain Technology and Resources Transformation Act of 2010; H.R. 5136, the FY 2011 Nat. Defense Authorization Act; P.L. 111-84, the FY 2010 Nat. Defense Authorization Act; (6) Possible Policy Options: Authorize and Appropriate Funding for a USGS Assessment; Support and Encourage Greater Exploration for REE; Challenge China on Its Export Policy; Establish a Stockpile. Illustrations.

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