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Photomechanical Materials, Composites, and Systems

Author: Timothy J. White

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2017-07-05

Total Pages: 444

ISBN-13: 1119123305

An exhaustive review of the history, current state, and future opportunities for harnessing light to accomplish useful work in materials, this book describes the chemistry, physics, and mechanics of light-controlled systems. • Describes photomechanical materials and mechanisms, along with key applications • Exceptional collection of leading authors, internationally recognized for their work in this growing area • Covers the full scope of photomechanical materials: polymers, crystals, ceramics, and nanocomposites • Deals with an interdisciplinary coupling of mechanics, materials, chemistry, and physics • Emphasizes application opportunities in creating adaptive surface features, shape memory devices, and actuators; while assessing future prospects for utility in optics and photonics and soft robotics

Photomechanical Materials, Composites, and Systems

Author: Timothy J. White

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2017-05-30

Total Pages: 486

ISBN-13: 1119123283

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Mechanism of the Photomechanical Response in Composite Polymeric Materials

Author: Ankita Bhuyan

Publisher:

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 118

ISBN-13:

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Composite photomechanical materials are capable of controlled shape transformation under light illumination and external stimuli. The focus of this thesis is to study the mechanism of light-induced mechanical response of various polymeric materials by measuring their stress response under various controlled conditions such as light polarization, wavelength and temperature to isolate the various possible mechanisms. All devices fall into four classes including logic, information, transmission, actuation, sensing and are powered with light or electricity. The only missing piece to enable an all-optical technology is light induced actuation. This is the focus of this dissertation. Designing photomechnical materials and composites requires the control of photo-chemistry, the material's mechanical properties, and the strength of light-matter interaction. The two known mechanisms responsible for this effect are photo-isomerization of azo dye molecules that are embedded into the polymer matrix and photo-thermal heating due to absorption of light. Both processes are inefficient and slow. In addition, the two effects can couple, thus complicating the analysis. We have developed a protocol to isolate the individual mechanisms using experiments that are guided by and analyzed with theory. The method has been demonstrated inknown materials and is generalizable to study the response of new materials. The ftting functions yield the microscopic parameters that govern the bulk photomechanicalresponse. These parameters, which can be associated with various components of the material, are visualized as a composite made of springs that denes the photomorphon, whose length and spring constant changes upon light excitation. A population model relates the microscopic properties of the photomorphon to the dynamics of the bulk material, making it possible to fully characterize the parameters by measuring the stress as a function of time, temperature, and intensity. The experiments, theory, and method of analysis presented here can be used to study the mechanisms of the response, identify good materials, and to develop new composites with properties that are optimized for a given application.

Mechanically Responsive Materials for Soft Robotics

Author: Hideko Koshima

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2020-02-18

Total Pages: 442

ISBN-13: 3527346201

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Offers a comprehensive review of the research and development of mechanically responsive materials and their applications in soft robots Mechanically Responsive Materials for Soft Robotics offers an authoritative guide to the current state of mechanically responsive materials for the development of soft robotics. With contributions from an international panel of experts, the book examines existing mechanically responsive materials such as crystals, polymers, gels, and composites that are stimulated by light and heat. The book also explores the application of mechanical materials to soft robotics. The authors describe the many excellent mechanical crystals developed in recent years that show the ability to bend, twist, rotate, jump, self-heal, and shape memory. Mechanical polymer materials are described for evolution into artificial muscles, photomobile materials, bioinspired soft actuators, inorganic-organic hybrid materials, multi-responsive composite materials, and strain sensor materials. The application of mechanical materials to soft robots is just the beginning. This book reviews the many challenging and versatile applications, such as soft microrobots made from photoresponsive elastomers, four-dimensional printing for assembling soft robots, self-growing of soft robots like plants, and biohybrid robots using muscle tissue. This important book: -Explores recent developments in the use of soft smart materials in robotic systems -Covers the full scope of mechanically responsive materials: polymers, crystals, gels, and nanocomposites -Deals with an interdisciplinary topic of advanced smart materials research -Contains extensive descriptions of current and future applications in soft robotics Written for materials scientists, polymer chemists, photochemists, physical chemists, solid state chemists, inorganic chemists, and robotics engineers, Mechanically Responsive Materials for Soft Robotics offers a comprehensive and timely review of the most recent research on mechanically responsive materials and the manufacture of soft robotics.

Photosynergetic Responses in Molecules and Molecular Aggregates

Author: Hiroshi Miyasaka

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-09-05

Total Pages: 593

ISBN-13: 981155451X

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This book compiles the accomplishments of the recent research project on photochemistry “Photosynergetics”, supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, aiming to develop and elucidate new methods and molecules leading to advanced utilization of photo-energies. Topics include photochemical responses induced by multiple excitation, multiphoton absorption, strong modulation of electronic states, developments of new photofunctional molecules, mesoscopic actuations induced by photoexcitation, and novel photoresponses in molecules and molecular assemblies. The authors stress that these approaches based on the synergetic interaction among many photons and many molecules enable the expansion of the accessibility to specific electronic states. As well, they explain how the development of reaction sequences and molecules/molecular assemblies ensure “additivity” and “integration” without loss of the photon energy, leading to new photoresponsive assemblies in meso- and macroscopic scales.

Additive Manufacturing

Author: Emrah Celik

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2020-07-06

Total Pages: 187

ISBN-13: 1501510983

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This book covers additive manufacturing of polymers, metals, ceramics, fiber reinforced polymer composites, energy harvesting materials, and biomaterials. Hybrid manufacturing is discussed. Topology optimization methodology is described and finite element software examples are provided. The book is ideal for graduate students and career starters in the industry.

Molecular Photoswitches

Author: Zbigniew L. Pianowski

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2022-06-01

Total Pages: 1577

ISBN-13: 3527827617

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A comprehensive overview about the emerging field of photoswitches and their applications in materials science and biology Molecular Photoswitches guides the reader through the basic molecular structures of photochromic compounds and their applications in the area of photoresponsive materials as well as in the biological context. The initial chapters describe individual classes of molecular photoswitches, introducing their principles of photochromism, typical switching wavelengths, thermal stability of photoisomers and other key information, which is ordinarily spread in the literature. These classes comprise i.a. azobenzenes, diazocines, arylazoheterocycles, arylhydrazones, indigoids, photochromic imines, or acylhydrazones. The book also covers: Catalysis with molecular switches Applications in photochromic porous materials, liquid crystals, or nanoparticles Light-responsive molecular machines, logic devices, and molecular magnets Photomodulation of biological systems: photoswitchable biopolymers, lightmodulated antibiotics, cytotoxins, ion channel inhibitors, light-propelled artificial muscles, and computationally designed photochromic proteins This two-volume work is a valuable guide for researchers and non-experts working in the field of photochemistry, organic chemistry, catalysis, materials science, biology, and medicine.