Pharmacology of the Blood Brain Barrier: Targeting CNS Disorders

Pharmacology of the Blood Brain Barrier: Targeting CNS Disorders PDF

Author:

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2014-10-21

Total Pages: 512

ISBN-13: 0128003383

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This new volume of Advances in Pharmacology presents pharmacology of the blood brain barrier, focusing on targeting CNS disorders. With a variety of chapters and the best authors in the field, the volume is an essential resource for pharmacologists, immunologists and biochemists alike. Contributions from the best authors in the field An essential resource for pharmacologists, immunologists, and biochemists

Blood-Brain Barrier in Drug Discovery

Blood-Brain Barrier in Drug Discovery PDF

Author: Li Di

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2015-02-02

Total Pages: 604

ISBN-13: 1118788354

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Focused on central nervous system (CNS) drug discovery efforts, this book educates drug researchers about the blood-brain barrier (BBB) so they can affect important improvements in one of the most significant – and most challenging – areas of drug discovery. • Written by world experts to provide practical solutions to increase brain penetration or minimize CNS side-effects • Reviews state-of-the-art in silico, in vitro, and in vivo tools to assess brain penetration and advanced CNS drug delivery strategies • Covers BBB physiology, medicinal chemistry design principles, free drug hypothesis for the BBB, and transport mechanisms including passive diffusion, uptake/efflux transporters, and receptor-mediated processes • Highlights the advances in modelling BBB pharmacokinetics and dynamics relationships (PK/PD) and physiologically-based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) • Discusses case studies of successful CNS and non-CNS drugs, lessons learned and paths to the market

Nanocarriers for Brain Targeting

Nanocarriers for Brain Targeting PDF

Author: Raj K. Keservani

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2019-08-05

Total Pages: 567

ISBN-13: 0429877536

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This new volume, Nanocarriers for Brain Targeting: Principles and Applications, covers recent research on brain physiology and the development of drug delivery systems. It explores a diverse variety of strategies that can be employed to achieve drug targeting to the brain. The nanocarriers that are discussed include nanoparticles, vesicular carriers, carriers having carbon as a core constituent, dispersed systems, and more. The inherent anatomy and physiology of the brain renders it different from other organs. The past few decades have witnessed significant research on brain ailments in response to a majority of hospitalizations that occur due to age-related central nervous system disorders. The prevalence of diverse diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, HIV-dementia, etc., affect about 1.5 billion people globally, which is further anticipated to reach 1.9 billion by the year 2020. Nanocarriers for drug delivery to the brain are seen as one of the answers to this growing problem.

Drug Delivery to the Brain

Drug Delivery to the Brain PDF

Author: Elizabeth C.M. de Lange

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-05-24

Total Pages: 810

ISBN-13: 3030887731

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The development of new CNS drugs is notoriously difficult. Drugs must reach CNS target sites for action and these sites are protected by a number of barriers, the most important being the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Many factors are therefore critical to consider for CNS drug delivery, e.g. active/passive transport across the BBB, intra-brain distribution, and central/systemic pharmacokinetics, to name a few. Neurological disease and trauma conditions add further complexity because CNS barriers, drug distribution and pharmacokinetics are dynamic and often changed by disease/trauma. Knowledge of all these factors and their interplay in different conditions is of utmost importance for proper CNS drug development and disease treatment. In recent years much information has become available for a better understanding of the many factors important for CNS drug delivery and how they interact to affect drug action. This book describes small and large drug delivery to the brain with an emphasis on the physiology of the BBB and the principles and concepts for drug delivery across the BBB and distribution within the brain. It contains methods descriptions for studying drug delivery, routes and approaches of administering drugs into the brain, the influence of disease, drug industry perspectives, and a primer on neuroanatomy and physiological considerations written specifically for drug delivery scientists. Therewith, it contributes to an in-depth understanding of the interplay between brain (patho)-physiology and drug characteristics. Furthermore, the content is designed to be both cutting-edge and educational, so that the book can be used in high-level training of academic and industry scientists with full references to original publications.

Physiology, Pharmacology and Pathology of the Blood-Brain Barrier

Physiology, Pharmacology and Pathology of the Blood-Brain Barrier PDF

Author: Zameel Cader

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-06-13

Total Pages: 362

ISBN-13: 3030996549

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This book presents a comprehensive collection of current knowledge and leading research about the blood-brain barrier. The chapters are organized in four main parts providing basic information and novel insights about the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, the challenges related to finding and developing drugs crossing the blood-brain barrier, experimental methods to study the blood-brain barrier and the role of the blood-brain barrier in disease mechanisms and its consequences for drug development. In the first part the readers will discover the structure, function and developmental aspects of the blood-brain barrier and gain novel insights into the complexity and functionality of the neurovascular unit and energy metabolism of brain endothelial cells. Chapters of the second part focus on translational challenges from the bench to the bedside in CNS drug development, shed light on the importance to understand the brain distribution of drugs related to their efficacy, elaborate on general pharmacokinetic considerations for CNS drugs and introduce current and novel drug delivery strategies to overcome the blood-brain barrier. The experimental part of the book covers mathematical and in vitro models as well as animal and human methods in blood-brain barrier research. Specific emphasis is set on the description of the methods, the role of species differences for data interpretation, novel human models based on stem cells with the potential for personalized medicine and technical considerations and tips helpful for readers interested in working with these models. In the fourth part particular attentions is given to the blood-brain barrier, its changes and participation during disease progression. Chapters summarize alterations of the blood-brain barrier that are present in common disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy and brain tumors. Present therapies will be discussed and the consequences for novel treatment approaches that need to bypass the blood-brain-barrier will be explored. In addition, experts discuss the question in how far changes at the blood-brain barrier are causally linked to disease progressions and consequently could serve as therapeutic targets. This collection is designed to appeal to a wide readership from students through basic and applied scientist to pharmacologists, medical doctors and stakeholders from the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory affairs. Due its comprehensive content the book has the potential to become a standard work in the field of blood-brain barrier research.

Brain Drug Targeting

Brain Drug Targeting PDF

Author: William M. Pardridge

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2001-05-31

Total Pages: 377

ISBN-13: 0521800773

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This challenging 2001 book reviews modern neurotherapeutics from the point of view of drug targeting.

Drug and Gene Delivery to the Central Nervous System for Neuroprotection

Drug and Gene Delivery to the Central Nervous System for Neuroprotection PDF

Author: Hari S. Sharma

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-06-05

Total Pages: 237

ISBN-13: 3319576968

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This book summarizes the latest research on drug and gene delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). The chapters address safety concerns regarding the nanotechnology that is needed to develop nanomedicine for clinical practice. Particular focus is given to new technologies that have emerged in recent years to deliver therapeutic materials, such as genes, drugs, and other agents using nanotechnologies of diverse origin. This is an ideal book for students, teachers, researchers, and clinicians interested in a deeper understanding of nanotechnological advances in therapeutic medicine. This book also: Broadens readers’ understanding of viral vector gene delivery to the brain for treating neurogenetic diseases as well as targeted gene delivery into the brain using microbubble-facilitated focused ultrasound Covers in detail the latest developments in delivering therapeutic materials, such as siRNA delivery to the brain for treating neurological diseases, neuroprotective effects of gelatin nanoparticles in stroke, and nanowired drug delivery for brain diseases, heat stroke, and CNS injury Enriches understanding of new technologies for delivering therapeutic materials treating Alzheimer’s Disease, including targeted nanodrug delivery through the blood-brain barrier and the superior neuroprotective effects of nanowired drug delivery in Alzheimer’s Disease

Blood-Brain Barrier

Blood-Brain Barrier PDF

Author: David Kobiler

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 450

ISBN-13: 1461505798

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The vasculature of the central nervous system (eNS) is characterized by the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which can be regarded as both an anatomical and physiological phenomenon. The BBB is formed by a complex cellular system of endothelial cells, astroglia, pericytes, perivascular macrophages and a basal membrane, although the anatomic substrate of the BBB is the interendothelial tight junctions that form a continuous sealing. The BBB serves as an exquisitely controlled, functional gate to the eNS. It not only protects the brain from agents in the blood that could impair neurological function, but also controls the influx and efflux of numerous substances to maintain proper homeostasis and provide the brain with necessary nutrients. The structural and functional integrity of the BBB was shown to be dramatically altered during various diseases of the eNS, including neoplasia, ischemia, trauma, hypertension, inflammation and epilepsy. Recent years research has partially elucidated the mechanisms underlying the development of some of these brain disorders as well as the pathways used by different pathogens, like bacteria and viruses, to initiate eNS infections. The development of in vitro models of the BBB had instrumental role in the understanding of the involvement of the BBB in the pathogenesis of several eNS diseases. The intimate, functional association between the function of the brain and the activity of the BBB makes the later a target for pharmacological modulation that will expand the therapeutic possibilities for a range of neurological diseases.

Nanotechnology Methods for Neurological Diseases and Brain Tumors

Nanotechnology Methods for Neurological Diseases and Brain Tumors PDF

Author: Yasemin Gürsoy Özdemir

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2017-07-14

Total Pages: 380

ISBN-13: 0128038004

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Nanotechnology Methods for Neurological Diseases and Brain Tumors: Drug Delivery across the Blood-Brain Barrier compiles the latest (and future potential) treatment strategies for brain tumors and neurological diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and stroke, those that bypass the blood/brain barrier. The current understanding of brain drug delivery and access is discussed in Chapter One, with the next section focusing on the implementation of the nose-to-brain intranasal route in brain-targeted drug delivery. In addition, nanotechnology-based brain drug delivery is covered in Chapter Three. This avenue offers impressive improvement in the treatment of neurological diseases and brain tumors by using bio-engineered systems that interact with biological systems at a molecular level. In Chapter Four, emphasis is placed on the need for brain-targeted experimental models that mimic disease conditions. Final chapters discuss the very latest advances in targeted treatment strategies for neurological diseases and brain tumors. Comprehensive guide for up-to-date views on the latest advances in targeted treatment strategies for brain tumors and neurological diseases Designed with a multidisciplinary approach that links neurology, neuro-oncology and nanoscience to drug delivery to the brain with an emphasis on the blood-brain-barrier Written in a language that makes it easy to understand nanotechnology drug delivery techniques Presents a unique book that also covers advanced treatment approaches of neurological diseases and brain tumors

Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System

Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System PDF

Author: Kewal K. Jain

Publisher: Humana

Published: 2016-08-23

Total Pages: 321

ISBN-13: 9781493961597

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Playing an important role in the treatment of neurological disorders, the delivery of drugs to central nervous system (CNS), both administered directly and administered systematically for targeted action, encounters a major challenge in the form of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the access of drugs to the brain substance. In Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System, experts in the field present essential methods used to deliver therapeutics across the BBB, both in experimental animals and in humans. In addition to those methods, several overviews of innovative methods and their applications are presented in order to give a glimpse of the future of this research. As a volume in the successful Neuromethods series, this book presents its protocols with the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System serves as an ideal guide to scientists continuing to pursue knowledge of the delicate interactions between pharmaceuticals and the brain.