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Perspectives on Chemical Biography in the 21st Century

Author: Isabel Malaquias

Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Published: 2019-01-14

Total Pages: 277

ISBN-13: 1527524973

Overlooked, even despised by historians of chemistry for many years, the genre of biography has enjoyed a revival since the beginning of this century. The key to its renaissance is the use of the biographical form to provide a contextual analysis of important themes in contrast to the uncritical, almost hagiographic, lives of chemists written in the earlier part of the twentieth century. Bringing together the contributions of scholars active in several different countries, Perspectives on Chemical Biography in the 21st Century leads the reader through emerging questions around sources, and the generic problems faced by authors of biographies, before moving on to discuss aspects more related with physical, theoretical and inorganic chemistry, and facets of 19th century chemistry. In contrast to the letters and diaries of earlier chemists, we are now faced with scientists who communicate by telephone and email, and compose their documents on computers. Are we facing a modern equivalent of the destruction of the Library of Alexandria where all our sources are wiped out electronically?

History of Universities: Volume XXXIV/1

Author: Ku-ming (Kevin) Chang

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 398

ISBN-13: 0192844776

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History of Universities XXXIV/1 contains the customary mix of learned articles which makes this publication an indispensable tool for the historian of higher education. This volume offers a global history of research education in the ninteenth and twentieth centuries.

History of Universities: Volume XXXIV/1

Author: () (Kevin) Chang

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2021-07-22

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 0192659170

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This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. History of Universities XXXIV/1 contains the customary mix of learned articles which makes this publication an indispensable tool for the historian of higher education. This volume offers a global history of research education in the ninteenth and twentieth centuries. This volume compares the training of scholars in different disciplines and countries across the globe in a century that laid the foundation for modern academia. The articles in this volume examine the different training "instruments" and methods for text-based disciplines (history and philology), laboratory sciences (such as chemistry), theoretical sciences (mathematics, for instance), fieldwork disciplines (linguistics and paleontology), and clinical science (medicine). They consider countries or societies in Europe, North America, South and East Asia, and Latin America, and analyze the roles of the state, nationalism and internationalism that shaped the institutions and policies for research education. Some of these articles are comparative, while the others are in-depth case studies of individual disciplines in specific countries at different stages of scientific developments. The introduction and conclusion of this volume bring together the important themes that run across the article and make necessary supplements to present a synthetic picture of the global history of research education.

Sustainable Agricultural Chemistry in the 21st Century

Author: William Nelson

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2023-05-31

Total Pages: 291

ISBN-13: 1000885151

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Agriculture is one of the oldest and most global human enterprises, and as the world struggles with sustainable practices and policies, agricultural chemistry has a clear role to play. This book highlights the ways in which science in agriculture is helping to achieve global sustainability in the twenty- first century, and demonstrates that this science can and should be a leading contributor in discussions on environmental science and chemistry. The four drivers of this subject are presented, those being economic, environmental, regulatory and scientific, and help showcase agricultural chemistry as a dynamic subject that is contributing to this necessity of global sustainability in the twenty-first century. Features: Explains the necessary role of agricultural chemistry in the sustainability of the world in the 21st century Recognizes past practices and future potential, guided by global demand and the four drivers: economic, scientific, regulatory and environmental Presents a much needed multi-dimensional approach to the subject Demonstrates that agricultural chemistries can and should be leading contributors in discussion on environmental science and chemistry Highlights new products, processes, applications and developments in green chemistry, which demonstrates how agriculture is adapting in the new age

Organic and Bio-molecular Chemistry - Volume II

Author: Francesco Nicotra

Publisher: EOLSS Publications

Published: 2009-04-14

Total Pages: 434

ISBN-13: 1905839995

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Organic And Bio-Molecular Chemistry is the component of Encyclopedia of Chemical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Organic And Bio-Molecular Chemistry in the Encyclopedia of Chemical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources deal with the discipline that studies the molecules of life, which are made by carbon atoms, and includes also all the synthetic compounds the skeletons of which contain carbon atoms. The first chapter describes in general terms, for not expert readers, what Organic and Bio-molecular chemistry is, the nature and behavior of organic compounds in living organisms, the importance of organic compounds in the market and in our every day life. The subsequent chapters are organized in order to provide the reader with information on the structure, reactivity, analysis and different applications of Organic Compounds. These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.

From Biomass to Advanced Bio-Based Chemicals & Materials: A Multidisciplinary Perspective

Author: Gabriel Paës

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2020-04-01

Total Pages: 210

ISBN-13: 2889636194

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Lignocellulose is the only renewable carbon source that can help replace oil-based chemicals and materials, in the process fighting global warming. However, because of its chemical and structural complexity, lignocellulose transformation into advanced products requires a better understanding of its composition and of its architecture at different scales, as well as a combination of physical, biological, and chemical processes, in order to render this transformation efficient and economically competitive. Tremendous efforts continue to be made toward the production of ethanol as a biofuel from various lignocellulosic feedstocks. Furthermore, recent successes have been achieved in extracting fibers to prepare composite materials that can compete with plastic fabrics. Importantly, lignocellulose chemistry can bring to the market original and complex chemicals that can lead to new applications, in particular when exploiting aromatic molecules or oligosaccharides from lignocellulose to produce solvents, surfactants, plasticizers, functional additives for food/feed/cosmetics, drugs, monomers, and polymers. In addition to this broad range of molecular products, fibers and particles fractionated from the lignocellulosic biomass are increasingly used to elaborate bio-based composite materials.

Environmental Health Perspectives

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 1532

ISBN-13:

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A Life and Career in Chemistry

Author: Pierre Laszlo

Publisher:

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783030823948

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This book is an enthusiastic account of Pierre Laszlo's life and pioneering work on catalysis of organic reactions by modified clays, and his reflections on doing science from the 1960s to 1990s. In this autobiography, readers will discover a first-hand testimony of the chemical revolution in the second half of the 20th century, and the author's perspective on finding a calling in science and chemistry, as well as his own experience on doing science, teaching science and managing a scientific career. During this period, Pierre Laszlo led an academic laboratory and worked also in three different countries: the US, Belgium and France, where he had the opportunity to meet remarkable colleagues. In this book, he recalls his encounters and collaborations with important scientists, who shaped the nature of chemistry at times of increased pace of change, and collates a portrait of the worldwide scientific community at that time. In addition, the author tells us about the turns and twists of his own life, and how he ended up focusing his research on clay based chemistry, where clay minerals were turned in his lab to catalysis of key chemical transformations. Given its breath, the book offers a genuine information on the life and career of a chemist, and it will appeal not only to scientists and students, but also to historians of science and to the general reader. .

Multiple Stressors: A Challenge for the Future

Author: Carmel Mothersill

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2007-09-04

Total Pages: 484

ISBN-13: 1402063350

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Ecotoxiclogical risk from multiple stressors covers any situation where org- isms are exposed to a combination of environmental stressors. These include physical and chemical pollutants as well as other stressors such as parasites and environmental impact (e. g. , climate change or habitat loss). The combi- tion of stressors can result in increased risk to organisms (either additive or synergistic effects) or decreased effects (protective or antagonistic effects). The multiple stressor challenge is an international, multi-disciplinary problem requiring an international, multi-disciplinary approach. The c- rent approach to multiple stressors is to examine one stressor at a time and assume additivity. Little work has been done on combinations of stressors such that potential interactions can be determined. The problem is very complex. Multiple stressors pose a whole spectrum of challenges that range from basic science to regulation, policy and gove- ance. The challenges raise fundamental questions about our understanding of the basic biological response to stressors, as well as the implications of those uncertainties in environmental risk assessment and management. In addition to the great breadth, there is also great depth in the research ch- lenges, largely due to the complexity of the issues. From a basic science point of view, many of the mechanisms and processes under investigation are at the cutting edge of science — involving new paradigms such as genomic ins- bility and bystander effects.

Biotechnology in the Chemical Industry

Author: Pratima Bajpai

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2019-11-08

Total Pages: 246

ISBN-13: 0128184035

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Biotechnology in the Chemical Industry: Towards a Green and Sustainable Future focuses on achievements and prospects for biotechnology in sustainable production of goods and services, especially those that are derived at present mostly from the traditional chemical industry. It considers the future impact of industrial biotechnology and lays out the major research areas which must be addressed to move from a flourishing set of scientific disciplines to a major contributor to a successful future knowledge-based economy. The book focuses on the research needed to underpin three broad topics: biomass, bio-processes and bio-products, including bio-energy. Readers, including advanced students, researchers, industry professionals, academics, analysts, consultants, and anyone else interested, or involved in biotechnology will find this book very informative. Offers a comprehensive introduction to the subject for researchers interested in the biotechnological applications in chemical industry Provides a state-of-the art update on the field Presents the economic and ecological advantages of industrial biotechnology Discusses efforts made by developing countries towards industrial biotechnology Describes new biotechnological applications Includes the major challenges facing industrial biotechnology