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Perspectives of Motor Behavior and Its Neural Basis

Author: Marie-Claude Hepp-Reymond

Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers

Published: 1997-01-01

Total Pages: 146

ISBN-13: 3805564031

This publication provides the reader with a better understanding of some basic principles of motor behavior and gives an update on modern approaches of human motor control. It contains abundant information on the current trends and illustrates the progress from laboratory findings to the investigation of more natural movements as well as of the cognitive aspects of motor behavior. As an additional benefit for the reader, the collected data is put in a historical perspective. Basic and clinical neuroscientists, rehabilitation specialists, physiotherapists and in particular students in system neuroscience, robotics and bioengineering will find this book a noteworthy contribution to the field.

Motor Control and Learning

Author: Richard A. Schmidt

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Published: 2018-10-30

Total Pages: 552

ISBN-13: 1492586625

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Motor Control and Learning, Sixth Edition With Web Resource, focuses on observable movement behavior, the many factors that influence quality of movement, and how movement skills are acquired. The text examines the motivational, cognitive, biomechanical, and neurological processes of complex motor behaviors that allow human movement to progress from unrefined and clumsy to masterfully smooth and agile. This updated sixth edition builds upon the foundational work of Richard Schmidt and Timothy Lee in previous editions. The three new authors—each a distinguished scholar—offer a range and depth of knowledge that includes current directions in the field. The extensively revised content reflects the latest research and new directions in motor control and learning. Additional new features of the sixth edition include the following: • A web resource that includes narratives and learning activities from Motor Control in Everyday Actions that correspond with the chapters in the book, giving students additional opportunities to analyze how research in motor learning and control can be expanded and applied in everyday settings • An instructor guide that offers sample answers for the learning experiences found in the student web resource • New content on sleep and movement memory, the role of vision, illusions and reaching, the OPTIMAL theory of motor learning, the neuroscience of learning, and more Motor Control and Learning begins with a brief introduction to the field and an introduction to important concepts and research methods. Part II thoroughly covers motor control with topics such as closed-loop perspective, the role of the central nervous system for movement control, speed and accuracy, and coordination. Part III deals with motor learning, exploring the effects of attentional focus, the structure of practice sessions, the role of feedback, theoretical views of motor learning, and the retention and transfer of skills. Throughout the book, art and practical examples are included to elucidate complex topics. Sidebars with historical examples, classic research, and examples of real-world applications highlight the importance of motor control and learning research and bring attention to influential research studies and pioneers. End-of-chapter summaries and student assignments reinforce important concepts and terms and provide review opportunities. For instructors, an image bank complements the new instructor guide; it is available to course adopters at www.HumanKinetics.com/MotorControlAndLearning. The updated research, new features, and highly respected authors of Motor Control and Learning, Sixth Edition With Web Study Guide, provide a solid foundation for both students and practitioners who study and work in fields that encompass movement behavior.

The Acquisition of Motor Behavior in Vertebrates

Author: James R. Bloedel

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 470

ISBN-13: 9780262024044

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Our motor skills determine how well we perform in athletics, dance, music, and in carrying out countless daily chores. While our proficiency at performing individual actions and synthesizing them into seamless sequences limits our athletic and artistic talents, we are not perpetually bound by such limitations. The nervous system can acquire new, and modify old, motor behaviors through experience and practice. That is motor learning.The Acquisition of Motor Behavior in Vertebratesprovides a broad, multidisciplinary survey of recent research on the brain systems and mechanisms underlying motor learning. Following the editors' introduction, nineteen contributions report on the neurobiology of these higher brain functions and on diverse types of motor learning such as reflex adaptation, conditioned and instrumental reflex learning, visually guided actions, and complex sequences and skills.

Progress in Motor Control: Bernstein's traditions in movement studies

Author: Mark L. Latash

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 420

ISBN-13: 9780880116749

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Contributors of the 16 papers were charged with reviewing urgent problems of motor control rather than reporting on their own research, in order to produce a broad reference for professionals and graduate students in the field. Four of them worked directly with Nikolai Berstein (1896-1966), the Russian scientist who first worked in the field and wh.

Reprogramming the Cerebral Cortex

Author: Stephen Lomber

Publisher: OUP Oxford

Published: 2006-10-12

Total Pages: 456

ISBN-13: 019158343X

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The brain has a remarkable ability to adapt in the event of damage - in many cases shifting responsibility for specific cognitive functions to other non-damaged brain regions. This 'plasticity' can be crucial in aiding recovery from stroke, trauma, and peripheral damage such as eye or ear damage. Over the past thirty years our view of cortical plasticity has evolved greatly. Early studies suggested that changes to cortical function due to peripheral lesions could only occur during development and that these plastic changes were specific to a particular temporal window or "critical period". Over time, it has been demonstrated that cortical modifications as a consequence of either peripheral or central lesions can induce adaptive, or beneficial, changes in cortical function in an effort to preserve or enhance function. More recently, studies have identified that many of these adaptive changes, once thought only possible in the developing brain, are also possible in the mature or developed brain. At present, many laboratories are defining the beneficial capabilities of cerebral cortex plasticity, upon which many proactive and therapeutic strategies may be developed in order to maximiSe the "reprogramming" capabilities of the cerebrum. 'Reprogramming the Cerebral Cortex' describes these exciting studies and examines adaptive cortical plasticity in a variety of systems (visual, auditory, somatomotor, cross-modal, language and cognition). The book leads the reader through the complexities and promise of neuroplasticity, and presents insights into current and future research and clinical practice. It is unique in looking at the beneficial capabilities of cerebral cortex plasticity, upon which many proactive and therapeutic strategies may be developed. The book will be a valuable resource for behavioural, systems, computational and cognitive neuroscientists, as well as clinicians and neuropsychologists.

Peripheral and Spinal Mechanisms in the Neural Control of Movement

Author: M.D. Binder

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1999-12-17

Total Pages: 479

ISBN-13: 9780080862484

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In the last decade, we have witnessed a striking maturation of our understanding of how neurons in the spinal cord control muscular activity and movement. Paradoxically, a host of new findings have revealed an unexpected versatility in the behavior of these well-studied neural elements and circuits. In this volume, the world's leading experts review the current state of our knowledge of motor control, outline their latest results and developments, and delineate the seminal unresolved questions in this vibrant field of research. The volume begins with a commentary and overview of our current understanding of the peripheral and spinal basis of motor control. The remainder of the volume is divided into seven sections, each focused on a different problem. The first chapter in each section provides some historical review and presages the experimental findings and hypotheses that are discussed in subsequent chapters. Topics include the biomechanics of neuromuscular systems, the properties of motoneurons and the muscle units they control, spinal interneurons, pattern generating circuits, locomotion, descending control of spinal circuits, comparative physiology of motor systems, and motor systems neurophysiology studied in man. The book serves as a unique reference volume and should be essential reading for anyone interested in motor systems. Moreover, the volume's comprehensive coverage of a wide range of topics make it an effective textbook for graduate level courses in motor control neurobiology, kinesiology, physical therapy, and rehabilitation medicine.

The Brain: Unraveling the Mystery of How It Works

Author: Thomas L. Saaty

Publisher: RWS Publications

Published: 2019-03-01

Total Pages: 481

ISBN-13: 1888603348

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This work confirms what many contemporary thinkers have claimed: that all human actions, sensations, thoughts and even emotions are derived from the synthesis of neural firings in the brain. This book offers the mathematics to describe how this happens and the nature of their interaction, feedback and synthesis. As an acknowledgement of his expertise, in 2017, the last year of his life, the highly acclaimed Neural Networks journal published two of his papers on the subject and the European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics published the article “Origin of neural firing and synthesis in making comparisons” co-authored with Dr Luis Vargas. The purpose of this book is to construct a scientific framework of the process by which the brain responds to stimuli and integrates sensory data and, further, how it synthesizes perceptions, memories, inputs from the muscles and nervous systems of the body and ideas. Because the brain puts pieces of information together in stages.

Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior

Author: Paul S. G. Stein

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 330

ISBN-13: 9780262692274

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Recent advances in motor behavior research rely on detailed knowledge of the characteristics of the neurons and networks that generate motor behavior. At the cellular level, Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior describes the computational characteristics of individual neurons and how these characteristics are modified by neuromodulators. At the network and behavioral levels, the volume discusses how network structure is dynamically modulated to produce adaptive behavior. Comparisons of model systems throughout the animal kingdom provide insights into general principles of motor control. Contributors describe how networks generate such motor behaviors as walking, swimming, flying, scratching, reaching, breathing, feeding, and chewing. An emerging principle of organization is that nervous systems are remarkably efficient in constructing neural networks that control multiple tasks and dynamically adapt to change.The volume contains six sections: selection and initiation of motor patterns; generation and formation of motor patterns: cellular and systems properties; generation and formation of motor patterns: computational approaches; modulation and reconfiguration; short-term modulation of pattern generating circuits; and sensory modification of motor output to control whole body orientation.

The Neural Basis of Motor Control

Author: Vernon B. Brooks

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 1986

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13:

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"A superb and insightful description of the area of motor control. The most modern approaches to understanding motor information are clearly described."--Emilio Bizzi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Anyone with an interest in the field will find a place for this book on the desk, in the laboratory and at the bedside....All will find stimulation to new ideas and experiments."--C.D. Marsden, Maudsley Institute of Psychiatry. "A highly enlightening overview." --Shirley A. Sahrmann, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis The first systematic text on motor neurophysiology, this authoritative study is arranged by behavioural categories such as standing, walking, intended movements, automatic responses, attention and learning, and motivation. The author shows how the nervous system processes information, how the brain learns from previous experience, and how behavioural intent is fitted to material conditions. Written by a well-known authority and integrating anatomical and physiological information, this book will be an effective text for physical/occupational therapy students and neuroscience students, and represents an important reference for neuroscientists and physiologists.

The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (MITECS)

Author: Robert A. Wilson

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2001-09-04

Total Pages: 1106

ISBN-13: 9780262731447

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Since the 1970s the cognitive sciences have offered multidisciplinary ways of understanding the mind and cognition. The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (MITECS) is a landmark, comprehensive reference work that represents the methodological and theoretical diversity of this changing field. At the core of the encyclopedia are 471 concise entries, from Acquisition and Adaptationism to Wundt and X-bar Theory. Each article, written by a leading researcher in the field, provides an accessible introduction to an important concept in the cognitive sciences, as well as references or further readings. Six extended essays, which collectively serve as a roadmap to the articles, provide overviews of each of six major areas of cognitive science: Philosophy; Psychology; Neurosciences; Computational Intelligence; Linguistics and Language; and Culture, Cognition, and Evolution. For both students and researchers, MITECS will be an indispensable guide to the current state of the cognitive sciences.