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Overcoming Cognitive Biases

Author: E. Scott Fruehwald

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2017-05-28

Total Pages: 160

ISBN-13: 9781546902683

Comedian Bill Maher recently declared, "Apple, Google, Facebook, they are essentially drug dealers." Similarly, 60 Minutes had a segment on "brain hacking." What were Maher and 60 Minutes talking about? Brain biases that clog up our thinking and allow us to be manipulated by others. The human thinking process is imperfect. The brain evolved. Parts of our brains today are remnants of the brains our early ancestors had, brains which had developed to survive under very different conditions from today. These remnants produce cognitive biases-ways of thinking that are different from reality. Individuals need to overcome their cognitive biases in order to think more clearly and avoid being manipulated by others. I have written this book for anyone who wants to understand cognitive biases and begin to overcome them. First, I give you the big picture. I discuss the basics of cognitive biases and the dangers of biased thinking. Then, I ask you to look at your inner self through a series of questions and exercises. Next, I deal with specific cognitive biases, such as optimism biases, negativity biases, biases concerning others, and behavioral economic biases, and I help you deal with these biases through a series of exercises. Then, I ask you to apply what you have learned in more complicated exercises. Finally, the Epilogue shows you how Uber is using brain biases to control their drivers and how smartphone and social media are employing these biases to get you to stay on-line longer.

Beating Biases

Author: Henry Priest

Publisher:

Published: 2019-10-20

Total Pages: 161

ISBN-13: 9781698219981

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The Biased BrainMan is a 'Rational Animal'. Right? Wrong! Research in economics and psychology has shown that human beings are systematically biased. They misjudge situations in fairly regular patterns. In the urgency of the existential pursuit we often deploy shortcuts and fall prey to errors of judgment.Stronger Biases and Weaker Biases?These shortcuts and errors of judgment, known as heuristics and biases, affect all of us. Some of them occur frequently and better known. Others occur less frequently and are lesser known. But their effect is the same - to impair our judgment when they occur.Knowing is Half the Battle WonThe financial crisis of the 2000s brought cognitive biases to common knowledge. Many of us know the most frequently occurring cognitive biases. But what about the less frequently occurring ones? Knowing them can prime us to identify them faster and plan an intervention. As they say 'know thy enemy'. Know Thy EnemyThis compilation presents 101 less frequently occurring biases and heuristics. Understanding how they work (Bias-in-Action) can help avoid these biases, and at times even use their presence in our competitors to our advantage.Read on....

How to Think

Author: Tom Chatfield

Publisher: SAGE

Published: 2021-06-02

Total Pages: 84

ISBN-13: 1529758807

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This is a book about thinking. Engaging and down-to-earth, it captures the habits and practices that are fundamental to clear thinking and effective study. In his warm and friendly style, Tom Chatfield shows you how to: Identify and examine your biases Engage in lively, curious skepticism See the value in emotion and use rhetoric persuasively Know when to say ′I don′t know′ Construct reasoned arguments and explanations Think critically about how you engage with technology. Short and punchy, the book views critical thinking as a skill to be continually practiced and developed. It equips you with a toolkit for clearer thinking, describing ten key concepts that help you to apply what you have learned. Including regular reflective exercises, key concepts, further readings, each chapter also offers recommendations for how to put the ideas it discusses into practice. This book is for undergraduate students and anyone looking to understand the core ideas behind critical thinking. Celebrating both self-reflection and collaboration, this book empowers you to pause, think twice and, above all, think well.

Cognitive Biases in Visualizations

Author: Geoffrey Ellis

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-09-27

Total Pages: 184

ISBN-13: 3319958313

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This book brings together the latest research in this new and exciting area of visualization, looking at classifying and modelling cognitive biases, together with user studies which reveal their undesirable impact on human judgement, and demonstrating how visual analytic techniques can provide effective support for mitigating key biases. A comprehensive coverage of this very relevant topic is provided though this collection of extended papers from the successful DECISIVe workshop at IEEE VIS, together with an introduction to cognitive biases and an invited chapter from a leading expert in intelligence analysis. Cognitive Biases in Visualizations will be of interest to a wide audience from those studying cognitive biases to visualization designers and practitioners. It offers a choice of research frameworks, help with the design of user studies, and proposals for the effective measurement of biases. The impact of human visualization literacy, competence and human cognition on cognitive biases are also examined, as well as the notion of system-induced biases. The well referenced chapters provide an excellent starting point for gaining an awareness of the detrimental effect that some cognitive biases can have on users’ decision-making. Human behavior is complex and we are only just starting to unravel the processes involved and investigate ways in which the computer can assist, however the final section supports the prospect that visual analytics, in particular, can counter some of the more common cognitive errors, which have been proven to be so costly.

The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making

Author: Gideon Keren

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2015-12-14

Total Pages: 1064

ISBN-13: 1118912756

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A comprehensive, up-to-date examination of the most important theory, concepts, methodological approaches, and applications in the burgeoning field of judgment and decision making (JDM) Emphasizes the growth of JDM applications with chapters devoted to medical decision making, decision making and the law, consumer behavior, and more Addresses controversial topics from multiple perspectives – such as choice from description versus choice from experience – and contrasts between empirical methodologies employed in behavioral economics and psychology Brings together a multi-disciplinary group of contributors from across the social sciences, including psychology, economics, marketing, finance, public policy, sociology, and philosophy 2 Volumes

Overcoming Cognitive Biases in Strategic Management and Decision Making

Author: Siniksaran, Enis

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2024-02-12

Total Pages: 309

ISBN-13:

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The persistent presence of cognitive biases has influenced rational decisions and strategic management since the 1970s. These prejudiced errors in judgment, often systematic and predictable, breach the foundational assumptions of economic theory, leading to dire consequences such as social inequality, financial collapse, and governmental inefficiency. Even the brightest minds are not immune, making it crucial to address these biases head-on. Overcoming Cognitive Biases in Strategic Management and Decision Making unravels the complex tapestry of biases that infiltrate decision-making processes at all levels. From social injustice biases and reasoning errors to action-inaction and social biases, the book confronts the myriad of ways that biases manifest in critical moments. These pose a significant threat to sound decision-making in various fields, impacting professionals ranging from judges and doctors to public officials. The repercussions of unchecked biases are far-reaching, leading to flawed outcomes that echo through society. The urgent need for a strategic response to mitigate these biases and enhance decision-making processes forms the crux of the problem this book seeks to address.

Judgment Under Uncertainty

Author: Daniel Kahneman

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1982-04-30

Total Pages: 574

ISBN-13: 9780521284141

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Thirty-five chapters describe various judgmental heuristics and the biases they produce, not only in laboratory experiments, but in important social, medical, and political situations as well. Most review multiple studies or entire subareas rather than describing single experimental studies.

How To Overcome Unconscious Cognitive Bias

Author: Andrews Allwell

Publisher: Independently Published

Published: 2024-03-21

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Are you tired of falling victim to your own subconscious biases? Do you want to navigate the world with clarity and fairness? In "HOW TO OVERCOME UNCONSCIOUS COGNITIVE BIAS" by Andrews Allwell, readers are taken on a journey through the intricacies of the mind to understand and overcome the biases that shape our perceptions and decisions. With a blend of captivating storytelling and insightful analysis, Allwell highlights the hidden biases that influence our thoughts and behaviors, challenging readers to confront their own prejudices head-on. From the implicit associations that color our judgments to the social stereotypes that cloud our reasoning, this book explores the full spectrum of cognitive biases that impact our daily lives. Highlights: 1. Understanding Unconscious Bias: Begin by unraveling the mysteries of unconscious bias, shedding light on the subconscious processes that influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Gain a deeper understanding of the origins and mechanisms of bias, empowering individuals to recognize its presence in their own lives. 2. Recognizing Bias in Action: Through vivid examples and case studies, "Unmasking Bias" illustrates the myriad ways in which bias manifests in everyday life. From hiring decisions to social interactions, learn to identify the subtle cues and patterns that signal the presence of bias, enabling more discerning and critical thinking. 3. Challenging Assumptions and Stereotypes: Armed with knowledge and insight, readers are equipped to challenge their own assumptions and confront stereotypes head-on. Practical exercises and reflective prompts are provided to help individuals interrogate their beliefs, examine their biases, and cultivate greater self-awareness. 4. Building Inclusive Environments: How to overcome unconscious cognitive bias explores strategies for fostering inclusivity and diversity in various contexts. Whether in the workplace, classroom, or community, discover actionable steps for creating environments that embrace difference, celebrate diversity, and promote equity. 5. Empowering Change: Ultimately, the guide empowers readers to effect meaningful change in their lives and communities. By harnessing the power of awareness, empathy, and action, individuals can challenge bias, dismantle systemic inequities, and foster a more just and inclusive society. You will also learn the following in this guide: RECOGNIZING YOUR BIASES THE NEUROSCIENCE OF BIAS IMPACTS OF BIAS IN DIFFERENT CONTEXT STRATEGIES FOR OVERCOMING BIAS CULTIVATING A BIASED-AWARE MINDSET NAVIGATING DIFFICULT CONVERSATION ABOUT BIAS BEYOND INDIVIDUAL EFFORTS: CREATING BIAS-FREE ENVIRONMENT and many more. This guide is a timely and indispensable resource for anyone seeking to navigate the complexities of human interaction, dismantle prejudice, and build a more equitable world. With its blend of scholarly rigor and practical wisdom, this book promises to inspire and enlighten readers on their journey toward greater understanding and social justice.

Noise

Author: Daniel Kahneman

Publisher: Little, Brown

Published: 2021-05-18

Total Pages: 429

ISBN-13: 031645138X

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From the Nobel Prize-winning author of Thinking, Fast and Slow and the coauthor of Nudge, a revolutionary exploration of why people make bad judgments and how to make better ones—"a tour de force” (New York Times). Imagine that two doctors in the same city give different diagnoses to identical patients—or that two judges in the same courthouse give markedly different sentences to people who have committed the same crime. Suppose that different interviewers at the same firm make different decisions about indistinguishable job applicants—or that when a company is handling customer complaints, the resolution depends on who happens to answer the phone. Now imagine that the same doctor, the same judge, the same interviewer, or the same customer service agent makes different decisions depending on whether it is morning or afternoon, or Monday rather than Wednesday. These are examples of noise: variability in judgments that should be identical. In Noise, Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony, and Cass R. Sunstein show the detrimental effects of noise in many fields, including medicine, law, economic forecasting, forensic science, bail, child protection, strategy, performance reviews, and personnel selection. Wherever there is judgment, there is noise. Yet, most of the time, individuals and organizations alike are unaware of it. They neglect noise. With a few simple remedies, people can reduce both noise and bias, and so make far better decisions. Packed with original ideas, and offering the same kinds of research-based insights that made Thinking, Fast and Slow and Nudge groundbreaking New York Times bestsellers, Noise explains how and why humans are so susceptible to noise in judgment—and what we can do about it.

The Optimism Bias

Author: Tali Sharot

Publisher: Vintage

Published: 2011-06-14

Total Pages: 273

ISBN-13: 0307379833

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Psychologists have long been aware that most people maintain an irrationally positive outlook on life—but why? Turns out, we might be hardwired that way. In this absorbing exploration, Tali Sharot—one of the most innovative neuroscientists at work today—demonstrates that optimism may be crucial to human existence. The Optimism Bias explores how the brain generates hope and what happens when it fails; how the brains of optimists and pessimists differ; why we are terrible at predicting what will make us happy; how emotions strengthen our ability to recollect; how anticipation and dread affect us; how our optimistic illusions affect our financial, professional, and emotional decisions; and more. Drawing on cutting-edge science, The Optimism Bias provides us with startling new insight into the workings of the brain and the major role that optimism plays in determining how we live our lives.