Optimal Search for Moving Targets

Optimal Search for Moving Targets PDF

Author: Lawrence D. Stone

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-04-06

Total Pages: 222

ISBN-13: 3319268996

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This book begins with a review of basic results in optimal search for a stationary target. It then develops the theory of optimal search for a moving target, providing algorithms for computing optimal plans and examples of their use. Next it develops methods for computing optimal search plans involving multiple targets and multiple searchers with realistic operational constraints on search movement. These results assume that the target does not react to the search. In the final chapter there is a brief overview of mostly military problems where the target tries to avoid being found as well as rescue or rendezvous problems where the target and the searcher cooperate. Larry Stone wrote his definitive book Theory of Optimal Search in 1975, dealing almost exclusively with the stationary target search problem. Since then the theory has advanced to encompass search for targets that move even as the search proceeds, and computers have developed sufficient capability to employ the improved theory. In this book, Stone joins Royset and Washburn to document and explain this expanded theory of search. The problem of how to search for moving targets arises every day in military, rescue, law enforcement, and border patrol operations.

Optimal Whereabouts Search for a Moving Target

Optimal Whereabouts Search for a Moving Target PDF

Author: STANFORD UNIV CALIF DEPT OF STATISTICS.

Publisher:

Published: 1979

Total Pages: 34

ISBN-13:

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This paper shows that solving the optimal whereabouts search problem for a moving target is equivalent to solving a finite number of optimal detection problems for moving targets. This generalizes the result of Kadane (5) for stationary targets. (Author).

An Optimal Branch-and-Bound Procedure for the Constrained Path, Moving Target Search Problem

An Optimal Branch-and-Bound Procedure for the Constrained Path, Moving Target Search Problem PDF

Author: James N. Eagle

Publisher:

Published: 1987

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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A search is conducted for a target moving in discrete time among a finite number of cells according to a known Markov process. The searcher must choose one cell in which to search in each time period. The set of cells available for search depends upon the cell chosen in the last time period. The problem is to find a search path, i.e., a sequence of search cells that maximizes the probability of detecting the target in a fixed number of time periods. Closely following earlier work by Theodor Stewart, a branch-and-bound procedure is developed which finds optimal search paths. This procedure is tested and appears to be more efficient than existing dynamic programming solution methods. Keywords: Moving targets; Target detection; Searching.

Probabilistic Search for Tracking Targets

Probabilistic Search for Tracking Targets PDF

Author: Irad Ben-Gal

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-03-25

Total Pages: 367

ISBN-13: 1118597044

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Presents a probabilistic and information-theoretic framework for a search for static or moving targets in discrete time and space. Probabilistic Search for Tracking Targets uses an information-theoretic scheme to present a unified approach for known search methods to allow the development of new algorithms of search. The book addresses search methods under different constraints and assumptions, such as search uncertainty under incomplete information, probabilistic search scheme, observation errors, group testing, search games, distribution of search efforts, single and multiple targets and search agents, as well as online or offline search schemes. The proposed approach is associated with path planning techniques, optimal search algorithms, Markov decision models, decision trees, stochastic local search, artificial intelligence and heuristic information-seeking methods. Furthermore, this book presents novel methods of search for static and moving targets along with practical algorithms of partitioning and search and screening. Probabilistic Search for Tracking Targets includes complete material for undergraduate and graduate courses in modern applications of probabilistic search, decision-making and group testing, and provides several directions for further research in the search theory. The authors: Provide a generalized information-theoretic approach to the problem of real-time search for both static and moving targets over a discrete space. Present a theoretical framework, which covers known information-theoretic algorithms of search, and forms a basis for development and analysis of different algorithms of search over probabilistic space. Use numerous examples of group testing, search and path planning algorithms to illustrate direct implementation in the form of running routines. Consider a relation of the suggested approach with known search theories and methods such as search and screening theory, search games, Markov decision process models of search, data mining methods, coding theory and decision trees. Discuss relevant search applications, such as quality-control search for nonconforming units in a batch or a military search for a hidden target. Provide an accompanying website featuring the algorithms discussed throughout the book, along with practical implementations procedures.

Optimal Search for Moving Targets in Continuous Time and Space Using Consistent Approximations

Optimal Search for Moving Targets in Continuous Time and Space Using Consistent Approximations PDF

Author: Joseph Carl Foraker

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 172

ISBN-13:

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We show how to formulate many continuous time-and-space search problems as generalized optimal control problems, where multiple searchers look for multiple targets. Speci cally, we formulate problems in which we minimize the probability that all of the searchers fail to detect any of the targets during the planning horizon, and problems in which we maximize the expected number of targets detected. We construct discretization schemes to solve these continuous time-and-space problems, and prove that they are consistent approximations. Consistency ensures that global minimizers, local minimizers, and stationary points of the discretized problems converge to global minimizers, local minimizers, and stationary points, respectively, of the original problems. We also investigate the rate of convergence of algorithms based on discretization schemes as a computing budget tends to in nity. We provide numerical results to show that our discretization schemes are computationally tractable, including examples with three searchers and ten targets. We develop three heuristics for real-time search planning, one based on our discretization schemes, and two based on polynomial tting methods, and compare the three methods to determine which solution technique would be best suited for use onboard unmanned platforms for automatic route generation for search missions.

Optimal Search for the Wake of a Moving Target When Searcher Motion is Constrained

Optimal Search for the Wake of a Moving Target When Searcher Motion is Constrained PDF

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1983

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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A method for determining the optimal or near-optimal search path for the wake of a moving target when the searcher's motion is constrained is presented. The problem uses a Markov motion model in discrete time and space for the target and assumes that the searcher is constrained to move only from the currently occupied cell j to a specified set of 'neighbor cells', I(j). First, a discussion of the complexity of the problem is presented. Next, an extension of T.J. Stewart's constrained searcher algorithm is given. Stewart's algorithm uses S.S. Brown's unconstrained searcher algorithm to calculate bounds on the probability of nondetection. An extension of Brown's algorithm to allow the use of a wake detector is also given. Several alternatives to both algorithms are offered and compared. Finally, some further extensions to the algorithms are suggested. (Author).

Optimal Search for the Wake of a Moving Target When Searcher Motion is Constrained

Optimal Search for the Wake of a Moving Target When Searcher Motion is Constrained PDF

Author: Douglas B. Guthe (Jr.)

Publisher:

Published: 1983

Total Pages: 65

ISBN-13:

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A method for determining the optimal or near-optimal search path for the wake of a moving target when the searcher's motion is constrained is presented. The problem uses a Markov motion model in discrete time and space for the target and assumes that the searcher is constrained to move only from the currently occupied cell j to a specified set of 'neighbor cells', I(j). First, a discussion of the complexity of the problem is presented. Next, an extension of T.J. Stewart's constrained searcher algorithm is given. Stewart's algorithm uses S.S. Brown's unconstrained searcher algorithm to calculate bounds on the probability of nondetection. An extension of Brown's algorithm to allow the use of a wake detector is also given. Several alternatives to both algorithms are offered and compared. Finally, some further extensions to the algorithms are suggested. (Author).