On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems

On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems PDF

Author: Kurt Gödel

Publisher: Courier Corporation

Published: 1992-01-01

Total Pages: 84

ISBN-13: 9780486669809

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

In 1931, a young Austrian mathematician published an epoch-making paper containing one of the most revolutionary ideas in logic since Aristotle. Kurt Giidel maintained, and offered detailed proof, that in any arithmetic system, even in elementary parts of arithmetic, there are propositions which cannot be proved or disproved within the system. It is thus uncertain that the basic axioms of arithmetic will not give rise to contradictions. The repercussions of this discovery are still being felt and debated in 20th-century mathematics. The present volume reprints the first English translation of Giidel's far-reaching work. Not only does it make the argument more intelligible, but the introduction contributed by Professor R. B. Braithwaite (Cambridge University}, an excellent work of scholarship in its own right, illuminates it by paraphrasing the major part of the argument. This Dover edition thus makes widely available a superb edition of a classic work of original thought, one that will be of profound interest to mathematicians, logicians and anyone interested in the history of attempts to establish axioms that would provide a rigorous basis for all mathematics. Translated by B. Meltzer, University of Edinburgh. Preface. Introduction by R. B. Braithwaite.

Godel's Proof

Godel's Proof PDF

Author: Ernest Nagel

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2012-11-12

Total Pages: 109

ISBN-13: 1134953992

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

The first book to present a readable explanation of Godel's theorem to both scholars and non-specialists, this is a gripping combination of science and accessibility, offering those with a taste for logic and philosophy the chance to satisfy their intellectual curiosity.

Incompleteness

Incompleteness PDF

Author: Rebecca Goldstein

Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company

Published: 2006-01-31

Total Pages: 299

ISBN-13: 0393327604

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

"An introduction to the life and thought of Kurt Gödel, who transformed our conception of math forever"--Provided by publisher.

Undecidable Theories

Undecidable Theories PDF

Author: Alfred Tarski

Publisher: Dover Books on Mathematics

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780486477039

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

This well-known book by the famed logician consists of three treatises: A General Method in Proofs of Undecidability, Undecidability and Essential Undecidability in Mathematics, and Undecidability of the Elementary Theory of Groups. 1953 edition.

The Undecidable

The Undecidable PDF

Author: Martin Davis

Publisher: Courier Corporation

Published: 2004-01-01

Total Pages: 420

ISBN-13: 9780486432281

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

"A valuable collection both for original source material as well as historical formulations of current problems." — The Review of Metaphysics "Much more than a mere collection of papers. A valuable addition to the literature." — Mathematics of Computation An anthology of fundamental papers on undecidability and unsolvability by major figures in the field , this classic reference is ideally suited as a text for graduate and undergraduate courses in logic, philosophy, and foundations of mathematics. It is also appropriate for self-study. The text opens with Godel's landmark 1931 paper demonstrating that systems of logic cannot admit proofs of all true assertions of arithmetic. Subsequent papers by Godel, Church, Turing, and Post single out the class of recursive functions as computable by finite algorithms. Additional papers by Church, Turing, and Post cover unsolvable problems from the theory of abstract computing machines, mathematical logic, and algebra, and material by Kleene and Post includes initiation of the classification theory of unsolvable problems. Supplementary items include corrections, emendations, and added commentaries by Godel, Church, and Kleene for this volume's original publication, along with a helpful commentary by the editor.

Godel's Proof

Godel's Proof PDF

Author: Ernest Nagel

Publisher: Lulu.com

Published: 2018-09-14

Total Pages: 132

ISBN-13: 0359079261

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

In 1931 Kurt Gödel published his paper, "On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems." Gödel’s paper challenged certain basic assumptions underlying much research in mathematics and logic. However, few scholars were unable to understand Gödel’s ideas. Ernest Nagel and James Newman provide a readable and accessible explanation of the main ideas and broad implications of Gödel's discovery.

Godel's Incompleteness Theorems

Godel's Incompleteness Theorems PDF

Author: Raymond M. Smullyan

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 1992-08-20

Total Pages: 156

ISBN-13: 0195364376

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

Kurt Godel, the greatest logician of our time, startled the world of mathematics in 1931 with his Theorem of Undecidability, which showed that some statements in mathematics are inherently "undecidable." His work on the completeness of logic, the incompleteness of number theory, and the consistency of the axiom of choice and the continuum theory brought him further worldwide fame. In this introductory volume, Raymond Smullyan, himself a well-known logician, guides the reader through the fascinating world of Godel's incompleteness theorems. The level of presentation is suitable for anyone with a basic acquaintance with mathematical logic. As a clear, concise introduction to a difficult but essential subject, the book will appeal to mathematicians, philosophers, and computer scientists.

A Concise Introduction to Mathematical Logic

A Concise Introduction to Mathematical Logic PDF

Author: Wolfgang Rautenberg

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2010-07-01

Total Pages: 337

ISBN-13: 1441912215

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

Mathematical logic developed into a broad discipline with many applications in mathematics, informatics, linguistics and philosophy. This text introduces the fundamentals of this field, and this new edition has been thoroughly expanded and revised.