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Observation Oriented Modeling

Author: James W. Grice

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 242

ISBN-13: 9780123851949

This book introduces a new data analysis technique that addresses long standing criticisms of the current standard statistics. Observation Oriented Modelling presents the mathematics and techniques underlying the new method, discussing causality, modelling, and logical hypothesis testing. Examples of how to approach and interpret data using OOM are presented throughout the book, including analysis of several classic studies in psychology. These analyses are conducted using comprehensive software for the Windows operating system that has been written to accompany the book and will be provided free to book buyers on an accompanying website. The software has a user-friendly interface, similar to SPSS and SAS , which are the two most commonly used software analysis packages, and the analysis options are flexible enough to replace numerous traditional techniques such as t-tests, ANOVA, correlation, multiple regression, mediation analysis, chi-square tests, factor analysis, and inter-rater reliability. The output and graphs generated by the software are also easy to interpret, and all effect sizes are presented in a common metric; namely, the number of observations correctly classified by the algorithm. The software is designed so that undergraduate students in psychology will have no difficulty learning how to use the software and interpreting the results of the analyses. * Describes the problems that statistics are meant to answer, why popularly used statistics often fail to fully answer the question, and how OOM overcomes these obstacles * Chapters include examples of statistical analysis using OOM * Software for OOM comes free with the book * Accompanying website include svideo instruction on OOM use

Observation Oriented Modeling

Author: James W. Grice

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2011-05-17

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 0123851955

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A Comparison of Parametric, Nonparametric, and Observation Oriented Modeling Techniques

Author: Kathrene Diane Valentine

Publisher:

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 48

ISBN-13:

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Many individuals have shown concern with the current statistical procedure employed by most social scientists, namely that of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). Alternative techniques do exist, such as nonparametric testing, which focuses less on assumptions and uses simpler analyses, and observation oriented modeling (OOM), a new modeling paradigm created by Dr. James Grice as a way to focus on data at the individual level. Using these three techniques (a parametric ANOVA, a nonparametric Quade test, and OOM's ordinal pattern analysis) a dataset collected on the QWERTY effect was analyzed to look into the effect of typability of keypress combinations on pleasantness ratings for words. The analyses revealed that the nonparametric test was more powerful and capable of distinguishing more statistical differences and larger effect sizes than the parametric test. These tests are also compared to the OOM test which provided information about how individuals matched on this expected pleasantness pattern. These incongruent findings indicate a need for a greater understanding of all available statistical techniques and more investigation into the proper use of these techniques.

Problematic Research Practices and Inertia in Scientific Psychology

Author: James T. Lamiell

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-11-04

Total Pages: 132

ISBN-13: 1000283585

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This volume explores the abiding intellectual inertia in scientific psychology in relation to the discipline’s engagement with problematic beliefs and assumptions underlying mainstream research practices, despite repeated critical analyses which reveal the weaknesses, and in some cases complete inappropriateness, of these methods. Such paradigmatic inertia is especially troublesome for a scholarly discipline claiming status as a science. The book offers penetrating analyses of many (albeit not all) of the most important areas where mainstream practices require either compelling justifications for their continuation or adjustments – possibly including abandonment – toward more apposite alternatives. Specific areas of concern addressed in this book include the systemic misinterpretation of statistical knowledge; the prevalence of a conception of measurement at odds with yet purporting to mimic the natural sciences; the continuing widespread reliance on null hypothesis testing; and the continuing resistance within psychology to the explicit incorporation of qualitative methods into its methodological toolbox. Broader level chapters examine mainstream psychology’s systemic disregard for critical analysis of its tenets, and the epistemic and ethical problems this has created. This is a vital and engaging resource for researchers across psychology, and those in the wider behavioural and social sciences who have an interest in, or who use, psychological research methods.

Advances in Object-oriented Data Modeling

Author: M. Papazoglou

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 408

ISBN-13: 9780262161893

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This book focuses on recent developments in representational and processing aspects of complex data-intensive applications. Until recently, information systems have been designed around different business functions, such as accounts payable and inventory control. Object-oriented modeling, in contrast, structures systems around the data--the objects--that make up the various business functions. Because information about a particular function is limited to one place--to the object--the system is shielded from the effects of change. Object-oriented modeling also promotes better understanding of requirements, clear designs, and more easily maintainable systems. This book focuses on recent developments in representational and processing aspects of complex data-intensive applications. The chapters cover "hot" topics such as application behavior and consistency, reverse engineering, interoperability and collaboration between objects, and work-flow modeling. Each chapter contains a review of its subject, followed by object-oriented modeling techniques and methodologies that can be applied to real-life applications. Contributors F. Casati, S. Ceri, R. Cicchetti, L. M. L. Delcambre, E. F. Ecklund, D. W. Embley, G. Engels, J. M. Gagnon, R. Godin, M. Gogolla, L. Groenewegen, G. S. Jensen, G. Kappel, B. J. Krämer, S. W. Liddle, R. Missaoui, M. Norrie, M. P. Papazoglou, C. Parent, B. Perniei, P. Poncelet, G. Pozzi, M. Schreft, R. T. Snodgrass, S. Spaccapietra, M. Stumptner, M. Teisseire, W. J. van den Heuevel, S. N. Woodfield

Real-Time Object-Oriented Modeling

Author: Bran Selic

Publisher: New York ; Toronto : Wiley

Published: 1994-05-06

Total Pages: 568

ISBN-13:

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Are you looking for a more effective approach to real-time systems development? Real-Time Object-Oriented Modeling The development of real-time distributed systems is one of the most difficult engineering problems ever faced, taxing the capabilities of traditional real-time software development approaches. Real-Time Object-Oriented Modeling is the first book that brings together, in a single harmonious approach, the power of object-oriented concepts tailored specifically for real-time systems, with an iterative and incremental process based on the use of executable models. Developed by practitioners, the proven methodology described here is becoming a leader in the industry. Using a learn-by-example approach, this book offers: * A single consistent set of graphical modeling concepts, chosen to improve developer effectiveness, which apply uniformly to analysis, design, and implementation. This reduces the learning curve to master the entire method and eliminates expensive discontinuities across different stages of development. * An approach to the object paradigm that is easy to learn and that applies to the construction of reusable architectural design components, not just low-level language elements. This unleashes the true power of the object paradigm. * Techniques for constructing executable models to gain early confidence in specifications and design decisions. * Approaches to project management that deliver the benefits of the object paradigm and executable models.

Modelling and Observation of Exhaust Gas Concentrations for Diesel Engine Control

Author: Dr.-Ing. David Blanco-Rodriguez

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-05-19

Total Pages: 197

ISBN-13: 3319067370

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The book presents a complete new methodology for the on-board measurements and modeling of gas concentrations in turbocharged diesel engines. It provides the readers with a comprehensive review of the state-of-art in NOx and lambda estimation and describes new important achievements accomplished by the author. These include: the online characterization of lambda and NOx sensors; the development of control-oriented models of lambda and NOx emissions; the design of computationally efficient updating algorithms; and, finally, the application and evaluation of the methods on-board. Because of its technically oriented approach and innovative findings on both control-oriented algorithms and virtual sensing and observation, this book offers a practice-oriented guide for students, researchers and professionals working in the field of control and information engineering.

Network-Oriented Modeling

Author: Jan Treur

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-10-03

Total Pages: 501

ISBN-13: 3319452134

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This book presents a new approach that can be applied to complex, integrated individual and social human processes. It provides an alternative means of addressing complexity, better suited for its purpose than and effectively complementing traditional strategies involving isolation and separation assumptions. Network-oriented modeling allows high-level cognitive, affective and social models in the form of (cyclic) graphs to be constructed, which can be automatically transformed into executable simulation models. The modeling format used makes it easy to take into account theories and findings about complex cognitive and social processes, which often involve dynamics based on interrelating cycles. Accordingly, it makes it possible to address complex phenomena such as the integration of emotions within cognitive processes of all kinds, of internal simulations of the mental processes of others, and of social phenomena such as shared understandings and collective actions. A variety of sample models – including those for ownership of actions, fear and dreaming, the integration of emotions in joint decision-making based on empathic understanding, and evolving social networks – illustrate the potential of the approach. Dedicated software is available to support building models in a conceptual or graphical manner, transforming them into an executable format and performing simulation experiments. The majority of the material presented has been used and positively evaluated by undergraduate and graduate students and researchers in the cognitive, social and AI domains. Given its detailed coverage, the book is ideally suited as an introduction for graduate and undergraduate students in many different multidisciplinary fields involving cognitive, affective, social, biological, and neuroscience domains.

Toward a Process Approach in Psychology

Author: Paul van Geert

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2022-07-28

Total Pages: 381

ISBN-13: 1108853889

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Psychological science constructs much of the knowledge that we consume in our everyday lives. This book is a systematic analysis of this process, and of the nature of the knowledge it produces. The authors show how mainstream scientific activity treats psychological properties as being fundamentally stable, universal, and isolable. They then challenge this status quo by inviting readers to recognize that dynamics, context-specificity, interconnectedness, and uncertainty, are a natural and exciting part of human psychology – these are not things to be avoided and feared, but instead embraced. This requires a shift toward a process-based approach that recognizes the situated, time-dependent, and fundamentally processual nature of psychological phenomena. With complex dynamic systems as a framework, this book sketches out how we might move toward a process-based praxis that is more suitable and effective for understanding human functioning.

The Agent Modeling Language - AML

Author: Radovan Cervenka

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-08-17

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13: 3764383968

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Multi-agent systems have been a focus of studies for more than 25 years. Yet, despite substantial effort of an active research community, modeling of multi-agent systems still lacks complete and proper definition, general acceptance, and practical application. This book provides the Agent-Modeling Language (AML), a comprehensive modeling language as an extension of UML 2.0, concentrating on multi-agent systems and applications.