Clean Coastal Waters

Clean Coastal Waters PDF

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2000-08-17

Total Pages: 422

ISBN-13: 0309069483

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Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.

Clean Coastal Waters

Clean Coastal Waters PDF

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2000-07-17

Total Pages: 421

ISBN-13: 0309172098

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Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.

Managing Wastewater in Coastal Urban Areas

Managing Wastewater in Coastal Urban Areas PDF

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1993-02-01

Total Pages: 497

ISBN-13: 0309048265

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Close to one-half of all Americans live in coastal counties. The resulting flood of wastewater, stormwater, and pollutants discharged into coastal waters is a major concern. This book offers a well-delineated approach to integrated coastal management beginning with wastewater and stormwater control. The committee presents an overview of current management practices and problems. The core of the volume is a detailed model for integrated coastal management, offering basic principles and methods, a direction for moving from general concerns to day-to-day activities, specific steps from goal setting through monitoring performance, and a base of scientific and technical information. Success stories from the Chesapeake and Santa Monica bays are included. The volume discusses potential barriers to integrated coastal management and how they may be overcome and suggests steps for introducing this concept into current programs and legislation. This practical volume will be important to anyone concerned about management of coastal waters: policymakers, resource and municipal managers, environmental professionals, concerned community groups, and researchers, as well as faculty and students in environmental studies.

Nutrients and Eutrophication in Estuaries and Coastal Waters

Nutrients and Eutrophication in Estuaries and Coastal Waters PDF

Author: Emma Orive

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-11

Total Pages: 513

ISBN-13: 9401724644

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This volume focuses on the nutrient and organic matter inputs in estuaries and other coastal ecosystems, their effects on geochemistry and community structure and possibilities for recovery of the systems to a trophic state that is beneficial for man and nature. The book provides many examples of the effects of the enhanced supply of nutrients and organic matter on the chemical features of the water and on the structure, metabolism and trophic pathways of the biological communities. Also included are several case studies providing considerable insight into the response of the different coastal ecosystems to long term changes in the trophic state of the water. Current knowledge on modeling as a tool to manage the trophic state of the coastal ecosystems is also dealt with, making this book one of interests to scientist and students as well as managers.

A Systems Approach to Managing Nutrient Pollution in Cape Cod's Coastal Waters

A Systems Approach to Managing Nutrient Pollution in Cape Cod's Coastal Waters PDF

Author: Adem Delibas

Publisher:

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 104

ISBN-13:

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Pressing problems are facing the coastal waters of the world due to the growing human activity. Increasing population and economic development around coastal areas have left many embayments throughout the world severely impaired. Excessive nutrient enrichment in water bodies, also known as nutrient pollution, is one of the leading impairments in coastal waters. Algal blooms, dead zones, and fish kills are spreading because of the nutrient pollution. This thesis presents a systems analysis of the nutrient pollution problem in the context of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, where the continuous degradation in coastal waters is considered as one of the greatest threats to the region's environmental and economic future. It proposes a system dynamics model created with a diverse stakeholder team to uncover the underlying system structure that has created the degradation in Cape Cod's coastal waters since 1960s. An important goal of this work was to support the development of a regional water quality management plan on Cape Cod by creating a shared understanding of the nutrient pollution problem across a wide range of stakeholders. Therefore, the proposed model was created with direct contributions of a diverse stakeholder team including representatives from residents, local municipalities, regional authorities, the state government, and the U.S Environmental Protection Agency. In addition to identifying the causal structure of the system through a set of qualitative diagrams, this thesis also proposes a formal simulation model and presents results of an in-depth policy analysis exploring how the degradation in Cape Cod's coastal waters could evolve under different future scenarios. Both the model-building process and the simulation experiments reveal several critical insights, including nonlinearity of the system behavior, delay in the system's response to interventions, and the importance of timely actions.

Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems

Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems PDF

Author: Jesper H. Andersen

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2012-03-14

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 9789400730366

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Coastal eutrophication has been and still remains an important issue for the scientific community. Despite many efforts to mitigate coastal eutrophication, the problems associated with eutrophication are still far from being solved. This book focusses on the most recent scientific results in relation to specific eutrophication issues, e.g. definition(s) and causes; nutrient loads, cycling and limitation; reference conditions, primary effects and secondary effects; trend reversal (oligotrophication), as well as links to other pressures (climate change and top/down control). It also focusses on monitoring and modelling of coastal eutrophication, and adaptive and science-based nutrient management strategies. The book is based on selected papers from the Second International Symposium on Research and Management of Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems, held 20-23 June 2006 in Nyborg, Denmark.

Coastal Environments

Coastal Environments PDF

Author: V. Subramanian

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-10-12

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 9048130026

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This book deals with the major issues being faced by the coastal population in Asia with emphasis on natural and man-made hazards, climate change impact and pressures caused by mega cities along Asian coasts. The edited book contains chapters authored by experts who are well known in their own fields of specialization relevant to coastal processes. Emphasis has been given to almost all regions of Aisan coast although coverage for south and south eastern regions of Asia is rather strong. Each chapter has been peer reviewed and revised before acceptance. In this book practical suggestions to mitigate problems in sustainable management of coastal regions are also discussed. The book will be useful for students, researchers in physical and social science, policy makers and climate change specialists.

Monitoring of Marine Pollution

Monitoring of Marine Pollution PDF

Author: Houma Bachari Fouzia

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2019-06-05

Total Pages: 170

ISBN-13: 1838808116

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Many of the pollutants discharged into the sea are directly or indirectly the result of human activities. Some of these substances are biodegradable, while others are not. This study is devoted to monitoring areas of the environment. Methods assessment is based on monitoring data and an evaluation of the impact of pollution.Surveillance provides a scientific basis for standards development and application. The methodology of marine pollution control is governed by algorithms and models. A monitoring strategy should be put in place, coupled with an environmental assessment concept, through targeted research activities in areas identified at local and regional levels. This concept will make it possible to diagnose the state of "health" of these zones and consequently to correct any anomalies. Monitoring of the marine and coastal environment is based on recent methods and validated after experiments in the field of marine pollution.

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