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Nudging Choices Through Media

Author: James Katz

Publisher:

Published: 2023

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783031265709

"... The volume does a terrific job of raising the bar on pressing ethical questions about this deeply troubling topic." - Eran Guter, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Israel. This book addresses the growing use of computerized systems to influence people's decisions without their awareness, a significant but underappreciated sea-change in the way the world works. To assess these systems, this volume's contributors explore the philosophical and ethical dimensions of algorithms that guide people's behavior by nudging them toward choices preferred by systems architects. Particularly in an era of heightened awareness of bias and discrimination, these systems raise profound concerns about the morality of such activities. This volume brings together a diverse array of thinkers to critically examine these nudging systems. Not only are high-level perspectives presented, but so too are of those who use them on a day-to-day basis. While algorithmic nudging can produce benefits for users there are also many less-obvious costs to using such systems, costs that require examination and deliberation. This book is a major step towards delineating these concerns and suggesting ways to provide a sounder basis for future policies for algorithms. It should be of interest to system designers, public policymakers, scholars, and those who wonder more deeply about the nudges they receive from various websites and on their phones. James E. Katz, Ph.D., Dr.h.c., is the Feld Professor of Emerging Media at Boston University, United States. Among his honors is the 2021 Frederick Williams Prize from the International Communication Association. Katie Schiepers is an Academic Administrator and former Division Administrator of Emerging Media Studies at Boston University, United States. She has co-edited Perceiving the Future through New Communication Technologies with Katz and Floyd (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021). She holds a Master of Education and has also completed graduate studies in Classics and World Heritage Conservation. Juliet Floyd, Ph.D., is Professor of Philosophy at Boston University, United States. Among her recent books is Stanley Cavell's Must We Mean What We Say? at Fifty (co-edited with Greg Chase and Sandra Laugier, 2021). .

Nudge Theory in Action

Author: Sherzod Abdukadirov

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-09-28

Total Pages: 351

ISBN-13: 3319313193

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This collection challenges the popular but abstract concept of nudging, demonstrating the real-world application of behavioral economics in policy-making and technology. Groundbreaking and practical, it considers the existing political incentives and regulatory institutions that shape the environment in which behavioral policy-making occurs, as well as alternatives to government nudges already provided by the market. The contributions discuss the use of regulations and technology to help consumers overcome their behavioral biases and make better choices, considering the ethical questions of government and market nudges and the uncertainty inherent in designing effective nudges. Four case studies - on weight loss, energy efficiency, consumer finance, and health care - put the discussion of the efficiency of nudges into concrete, recognizable terms. A must-read for researchers studying the public policy applications of behavioral economics, this book will also appeal to practicing lawmakers and regulators.

Nudging - Possibilities, Limitations and Applications in European Law and Economics

Author: Klaus Mathis

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-05-20

Total Pages: 382

ISBN-13: 3319295624

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This anthology provides an in-depth analysis and discusses the issues surrounding nudging and its use in legislation, regulation, and policy making more generally. The 17 essays in this anthology provide startling insights into the multifaceted debate surrounding the use of nudges in European Law and Economics. Nudging is a tool aimed at altering people’s behaviour in a predictable way without forbidding any option or significantly changing economic incentives. It can be used to help people make better decisions to influence human behaviour without forcing them because they can opt out. Its use has sparked lively debates in academia as well as in the public sphere. This book explores who decides which behaviour is desired. It looks at whether or not the state has sufficient information for debiasing, and if there are clear-cut boundaries between paternalism, manipulation and indoctrination. The first part of this anthology discusses the foundations of nudging theory and the problems associated, as well as outlining possible solutions to the problems raised. The second part is devoted to the wide scope of applications of nudges from contract law, tax law and health claim regulations, among others. This volume is a result of the flourishing annual Law and Economics Conference held at the law faculty of the University of Lucerne. The conferences have been instrumental in establishing a strong and ever-growing Law and Economics movement in Europe, providing unique insights in the challenges faced by Law and Economics when applied in European legal traditions.

Nudging

Author: Riccardo Viale

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2022-10-04

Total Pages: 255

ISBN-13: 026254444X

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How “nudges” by government can empower citizens without manipulating their preferences or exploiting their biases. We’re all familiar with the idea of “nudging”—using behavioral mechanisms to encourage people to make certain choices—popularized by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein in their bestselling 2008 book Nudge. This approach, also known as “libertarian paternalism,” goes beyond typical programs that simply provide information and incentives; nudges can range from automatic enrollment in a pension plan to flu-shot scheduling. In Nudging, Riccardo Viale explores the evolution of nudging and proposes new approaches that would empower citizens without manipulating them paternalistically. He shows that we can use the tools of the behavioral sciences without abandoning the principle of conscious decision-making. Viale discusses the work of Herbert Simon, Gerd Gigerenzer, Daniel Kahneman, and Amos Tversky that laid the foundation of behavioral economics, describes how policy makers have sought to help people avoid bad decisions, offers examples of effective nudging, and considers how to nudge the nudgers. How can we tell good nudges from bad nudges? Viale explains that good nudges help us avoid bias and encourage deliberate decision making; bad nudges, on the other hand, use bias to nudge people unconsciously into unintentional behaviors. Bad nudges attempt to compel decisions based on economic rationality. Good nudges encourage decisions based on a pragmatic, adaptive, ecological kind of rationality. Policy makers should take note.

Nudge

Author: Richard H. Thaler

Publisher: Penguin

Published: 2009-02-24

Total Pages: 322

ISBN-13: 1101655097

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Now available: Nudge: The Final Edition The original edition of the multimillion-copy New York Times bestseller by the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, Richard H. Thaler, and Cass R. Sunstein: a revelatory look at how we make decisions—for fans of Malcolm Gladwell’s Blink, Charles Duhigg’s The Power of Habit, James Clear’s Atomic Habits, and Daniel Kahneman’s Thinking, Fast and Slow Named a Best Book of the Year by The Economist and the Financial Times Every day we make choices—about what to buy or eat, about financial investments or our children’s health and education, even about the causes we champion or the planet itself. Unfortunately, we often choose poorly. Nudge is about how we make these choices and how we can make better ones. Using dozens of eye-opening examples and drawing on decades of behavioral science research, Nobel Prize winner Richard H. Thaler and Harvard Law School professor Cass R. Sunstein show that no choice is ever presented to us in a neutral way, and that we are all susceptible to biases that can lead us to make bad decisions. But by knowing how people think, we can use sensible “choice architecture” to nudge people toward the best decisions for ourselves, our families, and our society, without restricting our freedom of choice.

Behavioral Economics and Finance Leadership

Author: Julia Puaschunder

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-10-19

Total Pages: 183

ISBN-13: 3030543307

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This book explores human decision-making heuristics and studies how nudging and winking can help citizens to make rational choices. By applying the behavioral economics approach to political outcomes, it demonstrates how economics can be employed for the greater societal good. It starts with a review of the current literature on human decision-making failures in Europe and North America, presenting the wide range of nudges and winks developed to curb the harmful consequences of human decision-making fallibility. It then discusses the use of mental heuristics, biases and nudges in the finance domain to benefit economic markets by providing clear communication strategies. Lastly, the author proposes clear leadership and followership directives on nudging in the digital age. This book appeals to scholars and policy makers interested in rational decision-making and the use of nudging and winking in the digital age.

Private Law, Nudging and Behavioural Economic Analysis

Author: Antonios Karampatzos

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-01-14

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13: 1000028178

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Offering a fresh perspective on "nudging", this book uses legal paternalism to explore how legal systems may promote good policies without ignoring personal autonomy. It suggests that the dilemma between inefficient opt-in rules and autonomy restricting opt-out schemes fails to realistically capture the span of options available to the policy maker. There is a third path, namely the ‘mandated-choice model’. The book is mainly dedicated to presenting this model and exploring its great potential. Contract law, consumer protection, products safety and regulatory problems such as organ donation or excessive borrowing are the setting for the discussion. Familiarising the reader with a hot debate on paternalism, behavioural economics and private law, this book takes a further step and links this behavioural law and economics discussion with philosophical considerations to shed a light on modern challenges, such as organ donation or consumers protection, by adopting an openly interdisciplinary approach. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of contract law, legal systems, behavioural law and economics, and consumer law.

Behavioural Public Policy

Author: Adam Oliver

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2013-10-24

Total Pages: 252

ISBN-13: 1107042631

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In this accessible collection, leading academic economists, psychologists and philosophers apply behavioural economic findings to practical policy concerns.

Preference Change

Author: Till Grüne-Yanoff

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-06-11

Total Pages: 273

ISBN-13: 9048125936

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Changing preferencesis a phenomenonoften invoked but rarely properlyaccounted for. Throughout the history of the social sciences, researchers have come against the possibility that their subjects’ preferenceswere affected by the phenomenato be explainedor by otherfactorsnot taken into accountin the explanation.Sporadically, attempts have been made to systematically investigate these in uences, but none of these seems to have had a lasting impact. Today we are still not much further with respect to preference change than we were at the middle of the last century. This anthology hopes to provide a new impulse for research into this important subject. In particular, we have chosen two routes to amplify this impulse. First, we stress the use of modellingtechniquesfamiliar from economicsand decision theory. Instead of constructing complex, all-encompassing theories of preference change, the authors of this volume start with very simple, formal accounts of some possible and hopefully plausible mechanism of preference change. Eventually, these models may nd their way into larger, empirically adequate theories, but at this stage, we think that the most importantwork lies in building structure.Secondly,we stress the importance of interdisciplinary exchange. Only by drawing together experts from different elds can the complex empirical and theoretical issues in the modelling of preference change be adequately investigated.