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Non-renewable Mineral Resources and the European Community
Non-Renewable Resource Issues
Author: Richard Sinding-Larsen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-03-31
Total Pages: 264
ISBN-13: 9048186781
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →All the solid fuels fossil energy and mineral commodities we use come out of the Earth. Modern society is increasingly dependent on mineral and fossil energy sources. They differ in availability, cost of production, and geographical distribution. Even if solid fuels, fossil energy resources and mineral commodities are non-renewable, the extracted metals can to a large extent be recycled and used again and again. Although the stock of these secondary resources and their use increases, the world still needs and will continue to need primary mineral resources for the foreseeable future. Growing demands have begun to restrict availability of these resources. The Earth is not running out of critical mineral resources – at least for the near future – but the ability to explore and extract these resources is being restricted in many regions by competing land use, as well as political and environmental issues. Extraction of natural resources requires a clear focus on sustainable development, involving economic, environmental and socio-cultural aspects. Although we do not know what the most important resources will be in 100 years from now, we can be quite certain that society will still need energy and a wide range of raw materials. These resources will include oil and gas, coal, uranium, thorium, geothermal, metallic minerals, industrial and specialty minerals, including cement, raw materials, rare-earth elements. A global approach for assessing the magnitude and future availability of these resources is called for – an approach that, with appropriate international collaboration, was started within the triennium of the International Year of Planet Earth. Some global mineral resource assessments, involving inter-governmental collaboration, have already been initiated. The International Year of Planet Earth helped to focus attention on how the geosciences can generate prosperity locally and globally, as well as sustainability issues in both developed and developing countries.
The Geopolitics of Mineral Resources for Renewable Energy Technologies
Author: Marjolein de Ridder
Publisher: The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies
Published: 2013-08-08
Total Pages: 28
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Which minerals are critical for the transition to renewable energy? How will future energy and mineral demand develop? And what will be the implications for international relations?
Mineral Resource Governance in the 21st Century
Author: United Nations Publications
Publisher:
Published: 2020-10-30
Total Pages: 370
ISBN-13: 9789211587432
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The mining sector, if carefully managed, presents enormous opportunities for advancing sustainable development particularly in low-income countries, the International Resource Panel says in its latest report
Legal and Economic Basis for Performing Mining Activities in Southeast Europe
Author: Thomas Heise
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Published: 2009
Total Pages: 209
ISBN-13: 3640461401
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Document from the year 2009 in the subject Law - Civil / Private / Trade / Anti Trust Law / Business Law, language: English, abstract: Mineral resources are essential for the existence and the development of our modern society. Metal resources are used for the production of a wide range of merchandise. Industrial minerals are broadly used for pharmaceuticals and chemical products. Energy is provided on a large scale by non-renewable mineral resources, such as coal. The European Union represents a territory of low mineral potential. Of course there are several exceptions, like Poland having a high production of copper. The European Union is not able to cover the needs of the industry from domestic deposits and is therefore highly dependent on imports. The mineral potential of Western Europe has been used on a very high scale because the mineral wealth was already known in ancient times, whereas the deposits in Southeast Europe have not been exploited on such an extended scale as in Western Europe. Both economic and legal situation of many Southeast European countries are not well known in the Western world. This fact is caused by the changing political situation during the last decades, the therewith connected underdeveloped mining industry and a high complexity of legal requirements. In 2007, Bulgaria and Romania became members of the European Union. They represent the first Southeast European countries being accepted into the European Union. Croatia, Macedonia and Turkey are considered candidate countries, all located in Southeastern Europe. The increasing importance of Southeast Europe for the enlargement of the European Union may upgrade the European economic situation and the mining sector, resulting in reduced import dependence. However, it is essential to upgrade the Southeast European mining industry, which should preferably be done by foreign companies already having experience in mining. Two parameters are essential for investments in the mining industry:
Non-Renewable Resource Issues
Author: Richard Sinding-Larsen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-03-30
Total Pages: 264
ISBN-13: 904818679X
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →All the solid fuels fossil energy and mineral commodities we use come out of the Earth. Modern society is increasingly dependent on mineral and fossil energy sources. They differ in availability, cost of production, and geographical distribution. Even if solid fuels, fossil energy resources and mineral commodities are non-renewable, the extracted metals can to a large extent be recycled and used again and again. Although the stock of these secondary resources and their use increases, the world still needs and will continue to need primary mineral resources for the foreseeable future. Growing demands have begun to restrict availability of these resources. The Earth is not running out of critical mineral resources – at least for the near future – but the ability to explore and extract these resources is being restricted in many regions by competing land use, as well as political and environmental issues. Extraction of natural resources requires a clear focus on sustainable development, involving economic, environmental and socio-cultural aspects. Although we do not know what the most important resources will be in 100 years from now, we can be quite certain that society will still need energy and a wide range of raw materials. These resources will include oil and gas, coal, uranium, thorium, geothermal, metallic minerals, industrial and specialty minerals, including cement, raw materials, rare-earth elements. A global approach for assessing the magnitude and future availability of these resources is called for – an approach that, with appropriate international collaboration, was started within the triennium of the International Year of Planet Earth. Some global mineral resource assessments, involving inter-governmental collaboration, have already been initiated. The International Year of Planet Earth helped to focus attention on how the geosciences can generate prosperity locally and globally, as well as sustainability issues in both developed and developing countries.
Raw Materials for Future Energy Supply
Author: Friedrich-W. Wellmer
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2018-06-25
Total Pages: 225
ISBN-13: 3319912291
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This is the first book that analyses the future raw materials supply from the demand side of a society that chiefly relies on renewable energies, which is of great significance for us all. It addresses primary and secondary resources and substitution, not only from technical but also socioeconomic and ethical points of view. The “Energiewende” (Energy Transition) will change our consumption of natural resources significantly. When in future our energy requirements will be covered mostly by wind, solar power and biomass, we will need less coal, oil and natural gas. However, the consumption of minerals, especially metallic resources, will increase to build wind generators, solar panels or energy storage facilities. Besides e.g. copper, nickel or cobalt, rare earth elements and other high-tech elements will be increasingly used. With regard to primary metals, Germany is 100 % import dependent; only secondary material is produced within Germany. Though sufficient geological primary resources exist worldwide, their availability on the market is crucial. The future supply of the market is dependent on the development of prices, the transparency of the market and the question of social and ethical standards in the raw materials industry, as well as the social license to operate, which especially applies to mining. The book offers a valuable resource for everyone interested in the future raw material supply of our way of life, which will involve more and more renewable energies.
A Geography of the European Union
Author: John Cole
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2013-11-19
Total Pages: 432
ISBN-13: 1317835573
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Can the European Union continue to grow and also converge? Is uniformity within the union desirable? The European Union has grown into a supranational entity formed from a mosaic of diverse regions. Its enlargement to encompass a number of Central European countries seems only a matter of time. With the EU's political and economic importance growing globally, the Union's influence is increasingly being felt within its Member States. A new geography is emerging with pressures to reduce regional disparities by a process of convergence. A Geography of the European Union provides a comprehensive introduction to the European Union, its identity, problems and prospects. Focusing on the key issues of integration and enlargement, the authors examine the major economic, social, environmental and political aspects of the EU, both in terms of its individual regions and as a system of interdependent states that form the single EU entity. Assessment of controversial issues is frank: problems of unemployment, social stress, ageing and the place of women are covered objectively, prompting readers to form their own interpretations. This completely revised and expanded 2nd Edition includes a wealth of new illustrations, data and analysis. Setting the EU within a broader European and global context, this book provides a comprehensive introduction to the changing geography of the European Union and its place in a rapidly changing world.
Thermodynamics for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
Author: Wojciech Stanek
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2017-05-27
Total Pages: 511
ISBN-13: 3319486497
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This book examines ways of assessing the rational management of nonrenewable resources. Integrating numerous methods, it systematically exposes the strengths of exergy analysis in resources management. Divided into two parts, the first section provides the theoretical background to assessment methods, while the second section provides practical application examples. The topics covered in detail include the theory of exergy cost and thermo-ecological cost, cumulative calculus and life cycle evaluation. This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers looking to investigate a range of advanced thermodynamic assessments of the influence of production processes on the depletion of nonrenewable resources.
