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New Infinitary Mathematics

Author: Petr Vopěnka

Publisher: Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press

Published: 2022-08-01

Total Pages: 352

ISBN-13: 8024646633

The dominant current of twentieth-century mathematics, which simultaneously explores and applies infinity (albeit in bizarre ideal worlds), relies on Cantor's classical theory of infinite sets. Cantor’s theory in turn relies on the problematic assumption of the existence of the set of all natural numbers, the only justification for which – a theological justification - is usually concealed and pushed into the collective unconscious. This book begins by surveying the theological background, emergence, and development of classical set theory. The author warns us about the dangers implicit in the construction of set theory, traceable in his own and other eminent mathematicians' seminal works on the subject. He then goes on to present an argument about the absurdity of the assumption of the existence of the set of all natural numbers. However, the author’s contribution is not just a negation of current views and assumptions. On the contrary, the new infinitary mathematics that he proceeds to propose and develop is driven by a cautious effort to transcend the horizon bounding the ancient geometric world and pre-set-theoretical mathematics, whilst allowing mathematics to correspond more closely to the natural real world surrounding us. The final parts are devoted to a discussion of real numbers and to demonstrating how, within the new infinitary mathematics, calculus can be rehabilitated in its original form employing infinitesimals.

The Art of the Infinite

Author: Robert Kaplan

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA

Published: 2014-02-04

Total Pages: 417

ISBN-13: 1608198693

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Traces the development of mathematical thinking and describes the characteristics of the "republic of numbers" in terms of humankind's fascination with, and growing knowledge of, infinity.

The Higher Infinite

Author: Akihiro Kanamori

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-11-23

Total Pages: 555

ISBN-13: 3540888675

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Over the years, this book has become a standard reference and guide in the set theory community. It provides a comprehensive account of the theory of large cardinals from its beginnings and some of the direct outgrowths leading to the frontiers of contemporary research, with open questions and speculations throughout.

To Infinity and Beyond

Author: Eli Maor

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2017-11-21

Total Pages: 308

ISBN-13: 0691178119

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Eli Maor examines the role of infinity in mathematics and geometry and its cultural impact on the arts and sciences. He evokes the profound intellectual impact the infinite has exercised on the human mind, from the "horror infiniti" of the Greeks to the works of M.C. Escher; from the ornamental designs of the Moslems, to the sage Giordano Bruno, whose belief in an infinite universe led to his death at the hands of the Inquisition. But above all, the book describes the mathematician's fascination with infinity, a fascination mingled with puzzlement. "Maor explores the idea of infinity in mathematics and in art and argues that this is the point of contact between the two, best exemplified by the work of the Dutch artist M.C. Escher, six of whose works are shown here in beautiful color plates."--Los Angeles Times "[Eli Maor's] enthusiasm for the topic carries the reader through a rich panorama." Choice "Fascinating and enjoyable.... places the ideas of infinity in a cultural context and shows how they have been espoused and molded by mathematics."-Science.

The Mathematics of Infinity

Author: Theodore G. Faticoni

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2012-04-17

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13: 1118204484

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Praise for the First Edition ". . . an enchanting book for those people in computer science or mathematics who are fascinated by the concept of infinity."—Computing Reviews ". . . a very well written introduction to set theory . . . easy to read and well suited for self-study . . . highly recommended."—Choice The concept of infinity has fascinated and confused mankind for centuries with theories and ideas that cause even seasoned mathematicians to wonder. The Mathematics of Infinity: A Guide to Great Ideas, Second Edition uniquely explores how we can manipulate these ideas when our common sense rebels at the conclusions we are drawing. Continuing to draw from his extensive work on the subject, the author provides a user-friendly presentation that avoids unnecessary, in-depth mathematical rigor. This Second Edition provides important coverage of logic and sets, elements and predicates, cardinals as ordinals, and mathematical physics. Classic arguments and illustrative examples are provided throughout the book and are accompanied by a gradual progression of sophisticated notions designed to stun readers' intuitive view of the world. With an accessible and balanced treatment of both concepts and theory, the book focuses on the following topics: Logic, sets, and functions Prime numbers Counting infinite sets Well ordered sets Infinite cardinals Logic and meta-mathematics Inductions and numbers Presenting an intriguing account of the notions of infinity, The Mathematics of Infinity: A Guide to Great Ideas, Second Edition is an insightful supplement for mathematics courses on set theory at the undergraduate level. The book also serves as a fascinating reference for mathematically inclined individuals who are interested in learning about the world of counterintuitive mathematics.

The Art of the Infinite

Author: Robert Kaplan

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA

Published: 2014-07-01

Total Pages: 417

ISBN-13: 160819888X

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A witty, conversational, and accessible tour of math's profoundest mysteries. Mathematical symbols, for mathematicians, store worlds of meaning, leap continents and centuries. But we need not master symbols to grasp the magnificent abstractions they represent, and to which all art aspires. Through language, anyone can come to delight in the works of mathematical art, which are among our kind's greatest glories. Taking the concept of infinity, in its countless guises, as a starting point and a helpful touchstone, the founders of Harvard's pioneering Math Circle program Robert and Ellen Kaplan guide us through the “Republic of Numbers,” where we meet both its upstanding citizens and its more shadowy dwellers, explore realms where only the imagination can go, and grapple with math's most profound uncertainties, including the question of truth itself-do we discover mathematical principles, or invent them?

Georg Cantor

Author: Joseph Warren Dauben

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 422

ISBN-13: 9780691085838

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One of the greatest revolutions in mathematics occurred when Georg Cantor (1845-1918) promulgated his theory of transfinite sets. This revolution is the subject of Joseph Dauben's important studythe most thorough yet writtenof the philosopher and mathematician who was once called a "corrupter of youth" for an innovation that is now a vital component of elementary school curricula. Set theory has been widely adopted in mathematics and philosophy, but the controversy surrounding it at the turn of the century remains of great interest. Cantor's own faith in his theory was partly theological. His religious beliefs led him to expect paradoxes in any concept of the infinite, and he always retained his belief in the utter veracity of transfinite set theory. Later in his life, he was troubled by recurring attacks of severe depression. Dauben shows that these played an integral part in his understanding and defense of set theory.

Infinity and the Mind

Author: Rudy Rucker

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2019-07-23

Total Pages: 372

ISBN-13: 0691191387

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A dynamic exploration of infinity In Infinity and the Mind, Rudy Rucker leads an excursion to that stretch of the universe he calls the “Mindscape,” where he explores infinity in all its forms: potential and actual, mathematical and physical, theological and mundane. Using cartoons, puzzles, and quotations to enliven his text, Rucker acquaints us with staggeringly advanced levels of infinity, delves into the depths beneath daily awareness, and explains Kurt Gödel’s belief in the possibility of robot consciousness. In the realm of infinity, mathematics, science, and logic merge with the fantastic. By closely examining the paradoxes that arise, we gain profound insights into the human mind, its powers, and its limitations. This Princeton Science Library edition includes a new preface by the author.

The Mathematics of Infinity

Author: Theodore G. Faticoni

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2006-07-06

Total Pages: 306

ISBN-13: 0470049138

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A balanced and clearly explained treatment of infinity in mathematics. The concept of infinity has fascinated and confused mankind for centuries with concepts and ideas that cause even seasoned mathematicians to wonder. For instance, the idea that a set is infinite if it is not a finite set is an elementary concept that jolts our common sense and imagination. the Mathematics of Infinity: A guide to Great Ideas uniquely explores how we can manipulate these ideas when our common sense rebels at the conclusions we are drawing. Writing with clear knowledge and affection for the subject, the author introduces and explores infinite sets, infinite cardinals, and ordinals, thus challenging the readers' intuitive beliefs about infinity. Requiring little mathematical training and a healthy curiosity, the book presents a user-friendly approach to ideas involving the infinite. readers will discover the main ideas of infinite cardinals and ordinal numbers without experiencing in-depth mathematical rigor. Classic arguments and illustrative examples are provided throughout the book and are accompanied by a gradual progression of sophisticated notions designed to stun your intuitive view of the world. With a thoughtful and balanced treatment of both concepts and theory, The Mathematics of Infinity focuses on the following topics: * Sets and Functions * Images and Preimages of Functions * Hilbert's Infinite Hotel * Cardinals and Ordinals * The Arithmetic of Cardinals and Ordinals * the Continuum Hypothesis * Elementary Number Theory * The Riemann Hypothesis * The Logic of Paradoxes Recommended as recreational reading for the mathematically inquisitive or as supplemental reading for curious college students, the Mathematics of Infinity: A Guide to Great Ideas gently leads readers into the world of counterintuitive mathematics.

Infinite Processes

Author: A. Gardiner

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 309

ISBN-13: 1461256542

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What shall we say of this metamorphosis in passing from finite to infinite? Galileo, Two New Sciences As its title suggests, this book was conceived as a prologue to the study of "Why the calculus works"--otherwise known as analysis. It is in fact a critical reexamination of the infinite processes arising in elementary math ematics: Part II reexamines rational and irrational numbers, and their representation as infinite decimals; Part III examines our ideas of length, area, and volume; and Part IV examines the evolution of the modern function-concept. The book may be used in a number of ways: firstly, as a genuine pro logue to analysis; secondly, as a supplementary text within an analysis course, providing a source of elementary motivation, background and ex amples; thirdly, as a kind of postscript to elementary analysis-as in a senior undergraduate course designed to reinforce students' understanding of elementary analysis and of elementary mathematics by considering the mathematical and historical connections between them. But the contents of the book should be of interest to a much wider audience than this including teachers, teachers in training, students in their last year at school, and others interested in mathematics.