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New Developments in Astrocytes Research

Author: Leyla Estrada

Publisher: Nova Science Publishers

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781634855617

Astrocytes, the most prevalent type of cell found in the brain, are glial cells that play a critical role in the support and maintenance of homeostatic conditions in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to regulating synaptic function and neuronal development, astrocytes contribute to CNS immune responses and regulate permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Astrocytes respond to, and become activated by, a variety of molecular events in the CNS including the appearance of abnormal molecules, the disappearance of signaling molecules that are typically present, and changes in extracellular levels of various cytokines and chemokines. Under normal physiological conditions, astrocytic activation can be advantageous, as it can help protect the CNS from pathogens or injury; however, if this activation is sustained for a prolonged period, it can lead to detrimental astrocyte reactivity. This current book provides new developments in astrocyte research. The first chapter reviews pathological roles of astrocytes in brain edema formation. Chapter Two discusses neuroimmune interactions of astrocytes with other CNS cell types. Chapter Three focuses on astrocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The final chapter studies astrocyte's response to stress and injury.

Astrocytes and Epilepsy

Author: Jacqueline A. Hubbard

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2016-07-05

Total Pages: 395

ISBN-13: 0128026243

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Epilepsy is a devastating group of neurological disorders characterized by periodic and unpredictable seizure activity in the brain. There is a critical need for new drugs and approaches given than at least one-third of all epilepsy patients are not made free of seizures by existing medications and become "medically refractory". Much of epilepsy research has focused on neuronal therapeutic targets, but current antiepileptic drugs often cause severe cognitive, developmental, and behavioral side effects. Recent findings indicate a critical contribution of astrocytes, star-shaped glial cells in the brain, to neuronal and network excitability and seizure activity. Furthermore, many important cellular and molecular changes occur in astrocytes in epileptic tissue in both humans and animal models of epilepsy. The goal of Astrocytes and Epilepsy is to comprehensively review exciting findings linking changes in astrocytes to functional changes responsible for epilepsy for the first time in book format. These insights into astrocyte contribution to seizure susceptibility indicate that astrocytes may represent an important new therapeutic target in the control of epilepsy. Astrocytes and Epilepsy includes background explanatory text on astrocyte morphology and physiology, epilepsy models and syndromes, and evidence from both human tissue studies and animal models linking functional changes in astrocytes to epilepsy. Beautifully labelled diagrams are presented and relevant figures from the literature are reproduced to elucidate key findings and concepts in this rapidly emerging field. Astrocytes and Epilepsy is written for neuroscientists, epilepsy researchers, astrocyte investigators as well as neurologists and other specialists caring for patients with epilepsy. Presents the first comprehensive book to synthesize historical and recent research on astrocytes and epilepsy into one coherent volume Provides a great resource on the field of astrocyte biology and astrocyte-neuron interactions Details potential therapeutic targets, including chapters on gap junctions, water and potassium channels, glutamate and adenosine metabolism, and inflammation

Imaging and monitoring astrocytes in health and disease

Author: Carole Escartin

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2014-11-25

Total Pages: 190

ISBN-13: 2889193934

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Astrocytes are key cellular partners to neurons in the brain. They play an important role in multiple processes such as neurotransmitter recycling, trophic support, antioxidant defense, ionic homeostasis, inflammatory modulation, neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling, neurogenesis, synapse formation and synaptic plasticity. In addition to their crucial involvement in normal brain physiology, it is well known that astrocytes adopt a reactive phenotype under most acute and chronic pathological conditions such as ischemia, trauma, brain cancer, epilepsy, demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the functional impact of astrocyte reactivity is still unclear. During the last decades, the development of innovative approaches to study astrocytes has significantly improved our understanding of their prominent role in brain function and their contribution to disease states. In particular, new genetic tools, molecular probes, and imaging techniques that achieve high spatial and temporal resolution have revealed new insight into astrocyte functions in situ. This Research Topic provides a collection of cutting-edge techniques, approaches and models to study astrocytes in health and disease. It also suggests new directions to achieve discoveries on these fascinating cells.

Brain Neurotrauma

Author: Firas H. Kobeissy

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2015-02-25

Total Pages: 718

ISBN-13: 1466565993

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With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.

Astrocytes and Their Role in Health and Disease

Author: Tomaz Velnar

Publisher:

Published: 2022-09-15

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 9781685079833

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Astrocytes are some of the key cells in the central nervous system with complex, specific and important roles. They are involved in many important functions under both physiological and pathological conditions. This book brings a theoretical overview on astrocytes, their functions, roles and experimental practice. Chapters 1 and 2 discuss the basic astrocyte functions and their connections with other central nervous system cells. Chapter 3 focuses on the blood-brain barrier, Chapter 4 summarises surgical methods for tissue collection, Chapter 5 deals with the laboratory isolation procedure, Chapter 6 describes the sources of astrocyte isolation and troubleshooting during this procedure and Chapter 7 explores the importance of biomaterial research in astrocyte cell models.

Astrocyte

Author: Maria Teresa Gentile

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2018-03-21

Total Pages: 244

ISBN-13: 9535138855

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A team of authors from prestigious academic schools contributed to draw up a project that would give a detailed account of astrocyte's morphology and physiology, examining thoroughly all the astrocyte's types; giving an accurate description of their morphology, location, function in the brain; and illustrating their physiology and pathology in terms of dealing with neurons through "gliotransmitters," ionic channels, and membrane receptors expression. This book gives an overview of the crucial role of astrocytes in the physiology of the CNS and in the pathogenesis of several CNS disorders suggesting that the shift from a neurocentric view to one that incorporates astrocytes in disease models for drug discovery is a critical step in renewing drug development strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases.

New Developments in Mania Research

Author: Mathew B. Kotlar

Publisher: Nova Publishers

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 210

ISBN-13: 9781600210242

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Mania is a medical condition characterised by severely elevated mood. Mania is most usually associated with bipolar disorder, where episodes of mania may cyclically alternate with episodes of depression. (Note: not all mania can be classified as bipolar disorder, as mania may result from other diseases or causes. However, bipolar disorder is the "classic" manic disease). Hypomania is a less severe variant of mania, where there is less loss of control. Mania can be experienced at the same time as depression, in a mixed state. Dysphoric mania is primarily manic and a depressive mixed state is primarily depressed. This has caused speculation amongst doctors that mania and depression are two independent axes in a bipolar spectrum, rather than opposites. This book presents the latest research in this field.

Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS

Author:

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2013-05-06

Total Pages: 993

ISBN-13: 0123973481

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The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 1 offers 48 high level articles devoted mainly to patterning and cell type specification in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 1 sections include coverage of mechanisms which: control regional specification, regulate proliferation of neuronal progenitors and control differentiation and survival of specific neuronal subtypes, and controlling development of non-neural cells

Astrocytes in Psychiatric Disorders

Author: Baoman Li

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-12-09

Total Pages: 368

ISBN-13: 3030773752

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This contributed volume discusses the multiple roles of astrocytes, which determine the progression and outcome of neuropsychiatric diseases. This emerging area of study examines the ways in which astrocytes are involved in various aspects of disease initiation, progression and resolution. This monograph aims to integrate the body of information that has accumulated in recent years revealing the active role of astrocytes in neuropsychiatric pathology and in psychiatric disorders. Understanding roles of astrocytes in pathology will provide new targets for medical intervention and aid the development of much needed therapeutics. This book will be valuable for researchers and workers in the fields of neurobiology, neurology, and psychiatry, as well as fill the need for a textbook used in advanced courses/graduate seminars in glial pathophysiology.

The Contact Mediated Effects of Astrocytes on Dendritic Growth and Development

Author: Jeremy Guggenheim

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 56

ISBN-13:

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