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New Challenges to Constitutional Adjudication in Europe

Author: Zoltán Szente

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-03-09

Total Pages: 324

ISBN-13: 1351674749

In the past few years, constitutional courts have been presented with new challenges. The world financial crisis, the new wave of terrorism, mass migration and other country-specific problems have had wide-ranging effects on the old and embedded constitutional standards and judicial constructions. This book examines how, if at all, these unprecedented social, economic and political problems have affected constitutional review in Europe. As the courts’ response must conform with EU law and in some cases international law, analysis extends to the related jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. The collection adopts a common analytical structure to examine how the relevant challenges have been addressed in ten country specific case studies. Alongside these, constitutional experts frame the research within the theoretical understanding of the constitutional difficulties of the day in Europe. Finally, a comparative chapter examines the effects of multilevel constitutionalism and identifies general European trends. This book will be essential reading for academics and researchers working in the areas of constitutional law, comparative law and jurisprudence.

Populist Challenges to Constitutional Interpretation in Europe and Beyond

Author: Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2021-05-03

Total Pages: 309

ISBN-13: 1000386228

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This book explores the relationship between populism or populist regimes and constitutional interpretation used in those regimes. The volume discusses the question of whether contemporary populist governments and movements have developed, or encouraged new and specific constitutional theories, doctrines and methods of interpretation, or whether their constitutional and other high courts continue to use the old, traditional interpretative tools in constitutional adjudication. The book is divided into four parts. Part I contains three chapters elaborating the theoretical basis for the discussion. Part II examines the topic from a comparative perspective, representing those European countries where populism is most prevalent, including Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Part III extends the focus to the United States, reflecting how American jurisprudence and academia have produced the most important contributions to the theory of constitutional interpretation, and how recent political developments in that country might challenge the traditional understanding of judicial review. This section also includes a general overview on Latin America, where there are also some populist governments and strong populist movements. Finally, the editors’ closing study analyses the outcomes of the comparative research, summarizing the conclusions of the book. Written by renowned national constitutional scholars, the book will be essential reading for students, academics and researchers working in Constitutional Law and Politics. Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

The Max Planck Handbooks in European Public Law

Author: Armin von Bogdandy

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2023-04-13

Total Pages: 721

ISBN-13: 019266204X

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The Max Planck Handbooks in European Public Law series describes and analyzes the public law of the European legal space, an area that encompasses not only the law of the European Union but also the European Convention on Human Rights and, importantly, the domestic public laws of European states. Recognizing that the ongoing vertical and horizontal processes of European integration render legal comparison the task of our time for both scholars and practitioners, the project aims to foster a better understanding of the specific European legal pluralism and, ultimately, to contribute to the legitimacy and efficiency of European public law. The first volume of the series began this endeavour with an appraisal of the evolution of the state and its administration, offering both cross-cutting contributions and specific country reports. The third volume (the second in chronological terms) continues this approach with an in-depth appraisal of constitutional adjudication in various and diverse European countries. Fourteen country reports and two cross-cutting contributions investigate the antecedents, foundations, organization, procedure, and specific approach to constitutional issues throughout the Continent. The fourth volume now compares European constitutional jurisdiction in the European legal space. It examines the structures of the organization, the appointment of judges, the procedures and the methods of argumentation and interpretation, their impact on state and society, their legitimacy as well as their role in the division of powers, and thus completes the picture following the country reports in Volume III. This comparative perspective is supplemented by an examination that illustrates the relationship with the ECJ, the ECtHR, and the Venice Commission as well as their (constitutional) function. Finally, Constitutional Adjudication: Common Themes and Challenges is devoted to the challenges constitutional jurisdiction in the European judicial area is currently facing. The historical, political, and theoretical foundations as well as the basic dogmatic features of constitutional jurisdiction are presented in such a way that the discussion about its role and further development in this legal space is sustainably stimulated.

Mission Accomplished

Author: Radoslav Procházka

Publisher: Central European University Press

Published: 2002-08-10

Total Pages: 378

ISBN-13: 6155211221

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Examines constitutional jurisdiction in the so-called Visegrad Four: Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The creation of constitutional courts was one of the major milestones in the re-creation of the democratic system in these countries. In Europe constitutional courts exert much of the functions of the Supreme Court of the US. However, the immediate western European samples showed marked differences, which is why besides similarities, the theory and practice of constitutional law show differences in these four countries. Procházka analyses and explains these similarities and differences. Mission Accomplished contributes to the literature on comparative constitutional law by offering insights into the constitutional discourses that go beyond the discussion of notorious cases and events in these four countries. Procházka argues that the various historical, cultural, socio-psychological, political and institutional contexts have translated into different modes of constitutional adjudication and interpretation.

Constitutional Justice, East and West

Author: Wojciech Sadurski

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2002-12-31

Total Pages: 472

ISBN-13: 9789041118837

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How can the power of constitutional judges to overturn parliamentary choices on the basis of their own reading of the constitution, be reconciled with fundamental democratic principles which assign the supreme role in the political system to parliaments? This time-honoured question acquired a new significance when the post-commumst countries of Central and Eastern Europe, without exception, adopted constitutional models in which constitutional courts play a very significant role, at least in theory. Can we learn something about the relationship between democracy and constitutionalism in general, from the meteoric rise of constitutional tribunals in the post-communist countries? Can the discussions and controversies relating to constitutional review which have been going on for decades in more established democracies illuminate the sources of the strength of constitutional courts in Central and Eastern Europe? These questions lie at the center of this book, which focuses on the question of constitutional review in postcommunist states, from a theoretical and comparative perspective. The chapters contained in the book outline the conceptual framework for analyzing the sources, the role and the legitimacy of constitutional justice in a system of political democracy. From this perspective, it assesses the experience of constitutional justice in the West (where the model originated) and in Central and Eastern Europe, where the model has been implanted after the fail of Communism.

Europe's Constitutional Challenges in the Light of the Recent Case Law of National Constitutional Courts

Author: José María Beneyto

Publisher: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft Mbh & Company

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 415

ISBN-13: 9783832967246

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This collection contains contributions to an international conference held in Madrid in October 2010. It is based on the view that the European Union and its constitutional law cannot be isolated from its Member States and their respective constitutions, which are part of European constitutional law, and that the case law of the national courts, in particular the constitutional and supreme courts of the Member States, needs to be considered as much as the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice. It is important to give particular attention to the relevant national constitutional courts' jurisprudence when analyzing European constitutional law. The book demonstrates the seriousness and theoretical depth of the thoughts developed by these courts to grasp the EU's construction and its relation to the Member States, the concepts of primacy of European law, sovereignty and national identity, democracy, and citizens' rights. The comparison of recent case law of the constitutional and supreme courts shows great divergences in concepts and terms, but it makes visible also an emerging dialogue among the courts. (Series: European Constitutional Law Network - Vol. 8)

Constitutional Justice under Populism

Author: Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2024-03-19

Total Pages: 397

ISBN-13: 9403520388

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Features: Since the subject-matter of the volume is by its approach of constitutional change in populism is an unexamined one, neither a monograph nor an edited volume on the effects of populism on a specific legal institution, one already facing different external challenges (financial crisis, migration, security crisis, Covid-19 etc. issues), has been published so far. The book follows a unique approach in the framework of populist constitutionalism studies, because it combines the following features: focuses on one of the greatest contemporary challenges to constitutional democracies; is authored by a pre-eminent scholar of Hungarian law; gives insight into the various problems of constitutional review, the transformation of the institution by constitution-making and legislation and its legal practice; and contributes to the theories of and knowledge on the impacts of external challenges, especially those created by political systems, on the constitution and law by focusing on studying the transformation of the Hungarian Constitutional Court. it provides additional information with high contextual value to the book edited by the author: Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz, together with Kinga Zakariás, entitled: 30 Years of jurisprudence of the Hungarian Constitutional Court 1990-2020 (Nomos Verlag, Baden-Baden, 2022). Benefits: Because of the uniqueness of the topic of the book, its target group includes scholars and practitioners from all over the world who are interested in populism studies, comparative constitutional systems, and especially in Hungarian law and jurisprudence, as well as constitutional review. It will be an important reference, as it gives insight into the Hungarian ways of the legal treatment of the most urgent present-day challenges in the framework of populist constitutionalism. Both the various patterns of responding to the modern challenges and their analyses provided by this book should stimulate intensive academic discussion. University students of faculties of law and political science can also be interested in this book. Furthermore, judges, especially judges of constitutional courts and supreme courts could also be a target audience of the proposed book, due to the extensive relevance of the judicial dialogue in contemporary jurisprudence. Shared knowledge about the new methods of studying populist change, legislation and the reaction of the courts to it may be of wide interest. Keywords: constitutional review, constitutional justice in Hungary, Hungarian constitutional law, populism and courts, populism, illiberal democracy, Hungarian Constitutional Court, comparative constitutional review Author: Fruzsina GÁRDOS-OROSZ Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz is director and research professor of the Institute for Legal Studies, Centre for Social Sciences and also professor of public law at the ELTE Law School in Budapest. She worked at the Hungarian Constitutional Court between 2003-2007 and 2010-2014 as law clerk in different positions. She has published extensively on the development of the Hungarian constitutional system, the constitutional complaint procedure and on the competence of the Constitutional Court. She has over 150 publications in Hungarian, English and French on the rule of law and the separation of powers, with regard to judicial review and the protection of human rights. https://jog.tk.hu/kutato/gardos-orosz-fruzsina

Governing with Judges

Author: Alec Stone Sweet

Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 232

ISBN-13: 9780198297710

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Governing with Judges elaborates a theory of constitutional politics, the process through which the discursive practices and techniques of constitutional adjudication come to structure the work of governments, parliaments, judges, and administrators. Focusing on the cases of France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the European Union, the book examines the sources and consequences of the pan-European movement to confer constitutional review authority on a new governmental institution, the constitutional court. Detailed case studies illustrate how and to what extent legislative processes have been placed under the influence of constitutional judges. In a growing number of policy domains, these judges function as powerful, adjunct legislators. As constitutional courts have consolidated their position as authoritative interpreters of the constitutional law, and especially of human rights provisions, the work of the judiciary, too, has gradually been constitutionalised. Today, ordinary judges seek to detect violations of the constitution in their application of the various codes, and to rewrite statutes that they deem unconstitutional. Constitutional politics have not only provoked the demise of traditional notions of parliamentary sovereignty, they have organized profound transformations in the very nature of European governance. Stone Sweet argues that constitutional adjudication constructs complex causal linkages between rule systems and normativity, on the onehand, and the strategic behaviour of individuals, on the other. The theory constitutes a novel synthesis of normative and rational approaches to politics. The book also addresses central questions raised by a wide range of ongoing theory projects, including the 'new institutionalism,'rational choice, principal-agent theories of delegation, and the new constitutionalism in Continental legal theory.

Rights Before Courts

Author: Wojciech Sadurski

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2005-12-05

Total Pages: 388

ISBN-13: 140203007X

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Challenging the conventional wisdom that constitutional courts are the best device that democratic systems have for the protection of individual rights, Wojciech Sadurski examines the most recent wave of activist constitutional courts: those that have emerged after the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. In contrast to most other analysts and scholars he does not take for granted that they are a "force for the good", but rather subjects them to critical scrutiny.

Dialogues on Italian Constitutional Justice

Author: Vittoria Barsotti

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2021-04-27

Total Pages: 407

ISBN-13: 1000217477

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This collection adopts a distinctive method and structure to introduce the work of Italian constitutional law scholars into the Anglophone dialogue while also bringing a number of prominent non-Italian constitutional law scholars to study and write about constitutional justice in a global context. The work presents six distinct areas of particular interest from a comparative constitutional perspective: first, the role of legal scholarship in the work of constitutional courts; second, structures and processes that contribute to more “open” or “closed” styles of constitutional adjudication; third, pros and cons of collegiality in the work of constitutional courts; fourth, forms of access by individuals to constitutional justice; fifth, methods of constitutional interpretation; and sixth, the relationship between national constitutional adjudication and the transnational context. In each of these six areas, the volume sets up a new and genuine constitutional dialogue between an Italian scholar presenting a discussion and critical assessment of the specific topic, and a non-Italian scholar who responds elaborating the issue as seen from constitutional law beyond the Italian system. The resulting six such dialogues thus provide a dynamic, in-depth, multidimensional, national and transnational/comparative examination of these areas in which the `Italian style’ of constitutional adjudication has a distinctive contribution to make to comparative constitutional law in general. Fostering a deeper knowledge of the Italian Constitutional Court within the comparative global space and advancing a creative and fruitful methodological approach, the book will be fascinating reading for academics and researchers in comparative constitutional law.