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Syria and the Doctrine of Arab Neutralism

Author: Rami Ginat

Publisher: Liverpool University Press

Published: 2010-02-03

Total Pages: 331

ISBN-13: 1837642109

This book examines the modern history of post-mandatory Syria. The evolution of the Syrian ideology and policy of neutralism since the early stages of the Cold War is explained, and the effects that Arab neutralism had on shaping Syria's foreign policy and the shaping of its national identity are identified. The phenomenon of Arab neutralism has never before been comprehensively investigated. The prevailing belief is that the formulation and realisation of the policy of anti-alignment began only during Nasser's first years in power in Egypt. However, the author demonstrates that the roots of neutralism were already sown in Arab soil in the early 1940s, and that successive Syrian governments carved out this policy during the final stages of World War II. A core issue in the analysis is the dynamic between ideology and policy. A conceptual framework is developed to explain the various patterns of neutralism that emerged, and the complex of relationships between features exhibited by Syria, the Arab world, and the Third World. The book makes extensive use of newly declassified material gleaned from archives in India, the former USSR, Poland, Britain, the United States and Israel; primary sources, studied and interpreted in the original Arabic, are also widely utilised.

Neutrality and Neutralism in the Global Cold War

Author: Sandra Bott

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2015-12-22

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13: 1317502701

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This book sheds new light on the foreign policies, roles, and positions of neutral states and the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in the global Cold War. The volume places the neutral states and the NAM in the context of the Cold War and demonstrates the links between the East, the West, and the so-called Third World. In doing so, this collection provides readers an alternative way of exploring the evolution and impact of the Cold War on North-South connections that challenges traditional notions of the post-1945 history of international relations. The various contributions are framed against the backdrop of the evolution of the Cold War international system and the decolonization process in the Southern hemisphere. By juxtaposing the policies of European neutrals and countries of the NAM, this book offers new perspectives on the evolution of the Cold War. With the links between these two groups of countries receiving very little attention in Cold War scholarship, the volume thus offers a window into a hitherto neglected perspective on the Cold War. Via a series of case studies, the chapters here present new viewpoints on the evolution of the global Cold War through the exploration of the ensuing internal and (mainly) external policy choices of these nations. This book will be of much interest to students of Cold War Studies, international history, foreign policy, security studies and IR in general.

The Specter of Neutralism

Author: H. W. Brands

Publisher: Columbia University Press

Published: 1989

Total Pages: 392

ISBN-13: 9780231071680

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"Following WW II the response by Britain, France, and Holland to rejuvenated colonial nationalist movements was patently indequate. Their ineffective counter was further exacerbated by Soviet expansion and the corresponding need to redeploy resources to protect the mother countries. At the same time, newly independent former colonies had no wish to become captives to the developing Cold War. Indeed, it may be argued that the Truman Doctrine was designed to serve notice on the USSR that the "Third World" was not up for grabs. Thus, the postwar decades found the US and the USSR in often violent conflict over the allegiance of less-developed nations around the globe. Results of this American intervention in the Third World are traditionally viewed by diplomatic historians as ranging from minor damage to disaster. In contrast, Brands insists this conventional wisdom is far from the mark. He agrees that US officials often spoke, possibly even thought, in ideological terms but those same policy-makers tended to act in a nonideological and remarkably successful fashion. Using American policy towards Yugoslavia, Egypt, and India as case studies, Brands presents a very convincing thesis in this remarkably engaging (if controversial) extended essay."--Choice Reviews.

The Disappearing Fear of Neutralism

Author: Bernhard Hagen

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2004-09-21

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13: 363830809X

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Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject History of Germany - Postwar Period, Cold War, grade: very good, University of New Orleans (History Department), course: SE American History, language: English, abstract: Various studies discuss the American view of the Austrian State Treaty and Austrian neutrality, both concluded in 1955. There are a number of studies concerning the Eisenhower- and Kennedy Administrations regarding Austrian neutrality. In all of them, the American fear of neutralism plays a key role. Securing Austria’s close connection with “western ideology” and therefore minimizing Soviet influence were main goals of U.S. policy towards Austria. The neutral state should at least show ideological support of the West in the East-West conflict. In the first part of this paper, I will try to describe the difference between the terms “neutrality” and “neutralism”. Afterwards, it is necessary to discuss the Eisenhower and Kennedy Administrations policies towards Austria and give a brief overview of this time. The main goal is to examine the Johnson Administration’s view of Austrian neutrality. The records in the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library in Austin, Texas, indicate that there was no more fear of Austrian neutralism by the mid-1960s. This paper analyses this development and discusses the status of Austrian neutrality in the sixties. Did the Eisenhower Administration succeed in pulling Austria to the “western side” in the Cold War? Was neutrality simply unimportant in the sixties? What consequences does neutrality have for the process of European integration? Other important aspects touched on in this essay are Austrian relations with Eastern Europe, relations with the European Economic Community and U.S. financial support for the Austrian Armed Forces, the “Bundesheer”.