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Multilingualism within Nation States and the Danger of Separation

Author: Gordon Wagner

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2011-05-09

Total Pages: 12

ISBN-13: 3640911482

Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 1,0, European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), course: Language and Identity, language: English, abstract: Worldwide, there are almost 6,800 languages in 228 countries and approximately 200 languages that have more than one million native speakers. There are even less official nation states existing, according to various sources between 192 and 195. Obviously, not every single country or nation state exclusively contains citizens speaking only one language and we don’t need to seek out long, but instead take a look to member states of the European Union (EU) as there are countries like Belgium, Luxembourg and Ireland that are officially tri- and/or bilingual. On one hand, this suggests the existence of a considerately strong movement of native speakers among the respective country’s citizens that are not willing to accept merely one mother language (as is the case in Ireland, where both Irish and English are officially recognized idioms). On the other hand, it might indicate the existence of a potential language conflict situation – and indeed there are multilingual nation states in which this proves to be the case. There are many such examples throughout the world, e.g. Belgium, Spain and its various autonomous communities) or the Canadian province Québec. In fact, established nation states are threatened to break in part due to their citizens speaking utterly different languages and instead of just one with varying accents and/or dialects. So how do countries deal with these issues? What are the possible consequences of using more than one official language among an established nation state and how might this shape the citizens’ perception and consciousness on a wider range?

Language, Nation and State

Author: T. Judt

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2004-10-14

Total Pages: 260

ISBN-13: 1403982457

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This edited collection examines the role that language has played in forming modern European nations. With language an omnipresent issue within the European Union, the importance languages have played within the histories and present situations of member nations is a crucial topic. Drawing on an international cast of contributors, the book explores the issues of monolingualism vs. plurilingualism within individual nations, the revival of languages in nations such as former soviet republics, and concludes with a look at language in the electronic age.

Managing Multilingualism in a European Nation-state

Author: Sally Boyd

Publisher: Multilingual Matters

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 96

ISBN-13: 9781853595585

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This text analyzes recent shifts in Swedish language policy. Special focus is given to the complex relationships of the Swedish language to both English and to indigenous and immigrant minority languages in Sweden. Key issues addressed include the current debate concerning Sweden's official majority and minority languages; the position of immigrant and indigenous languages in the Swedish school system, the influence of the spread of English on the use of Swedish, particularly in writing; and the role of Swedish within the European Union. The contributions synthesize research on the status of languages currently used in Sweden as well as policy initiatives, and taken together the papers accurately present the many sides of the complex debate taking place there. While this book focuses on one country's struggle for multilingualism, the issues presented here are highly relevant and accessible to all readers interested in linguistic rights and language policy.

Sports and national identity. A brief history of Indian hockey 1928 - 1980

Author: Basudhita Basu

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2015-10-16

Total Pages: 21

ISBN-13: 3668067732

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Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2015 in the subject Sport - Sport History, , language: English, abstract: This paper tries to probe into many intricate questions regarding the hockey career of India. The previous works mainly deal with the golden years of Indian hockey when India was supreme in the hockey field. But in my paper, I will try to show how the game hockey created a national identity among the Indians and what factors helped hockey in being the national game of India where football and cricket was also popular. The first section of the paper will deal with the birth of hockey in India and its journey to the international sports field. In this section I will discuss which factors made hockey the ‘golden game’ of India. What held the hockey group together which lacked in the other team sports and the American influence in Indian hockey. In this section we will discuss how hockey helped in creating a national identity for the Indians. The seed of nationalism started growing among Indian hockey players and there were several instances which showed that this game helped them create a national identity. This section will try to uphold these instances where a colonized nation could create an identity due to a game. While it was the British who helped spread hockey in India, they were not present when the Indians won their first gold medal. Several Indian newspapers documented this incident and it is very interesting to see the reaction of the colonizers. In this section we will discuss that in detail. In the concluding section we will deal with the factors which led to the deterioration of Indian hockey and why slowly cricket became more popular than it.

Globalization and the sovereignty of nation-states in Africa

Author: Gilbert Aidoo, Arhinful

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2019-11-26

Total Pages: 23

ISBN-13: 3346071324

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Essay from the year 2019 in the subject Politics - Topic: Globalization, Political Economics, grade: 80, University of Ghana, Legon (Department of Political Science), language: English, abstract: This work seeks to examine the various perspectives associated with globalization, as well as the positive and negative implications for the sovereignty of nation-states in Africa. The closer interaction between and among states is not a recent phenomenon. It particularly became popular when the victors of the WW2 came together in purpose of enhancing global peace and security, economic growth and reconstruction of the European economies that have fallen into the dark abyss of economic cacophony. It is against this background that the United Nations (UN) was erected to substitute the failed League of Nations. The Bretton Woods’ institutions, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (WB), and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which later metamorphosed into World Trade Organization (WTO) in subsequent years (1947) were created as a regime to regulate international trade. It must however be noted that many have ascribed such interactions between and among states to the event of globalization. Globalization has become some kind of "buzz word" used by people of all walks of life. Perhaps, it is one of, if not the most promiscuous concept in international relations.

The Relationship between Language and Nation in the Development of Austrian German

Author: Robert Stolt

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2010-03-16

Total Pages: 26

ISBN-13: 3640565738

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Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of St Andrews, course: Language and Nation in Europe, language: English, abstract: In the broadest sense, language is a means of identification and self-identification of individuals and social systems (Bodi 1995: 17). In German-speaking countries this can be a controversial issue. Terminologically, the existence of a nation-state called Germany (in German Deutschland = German country) makes it difficult for other German-speaking societies to determine their own national and linguistic idiosyncrasy (Bodi 1995: 19). Through the use of Austrian German language participants not only identify as Austrians, but the common language and history also necessitates identification with other members of the entire German language community. To understand this complexity, the development of Austrian German as a standard variety of the German language is necessary. In the course of this essay it will become clear that historical transitions and political aspects of nation-building are essential constituents of language development or -as Clyne points out- the development of Austrian German norms ‘is reflected in a pendulum swing between language planning for national identity and an acceptance of standardized German norms’ (Clyne 1992: 121). Therefore, theoretical, language-political and social-historical aspects of the development and current situation of Austrian German shall be investigated. The complex situation that revolves around the German language demands the exploration of the concept of German as a pluricentric language, which will be dealt with in the second chapter. The third chapter is dedicated to the development of the Austrian standard variety with emphasise on social and political history. A special emphasis is placed on the concept of nation-building and the associated national language. Furthermore, in chapter four the development of Austrian German norms shall be considered in the light of Haugen’s process of standardisation. A part of this chapter is also dedicated to exploring the diglossic situation in Austria. Lastly, the essay also deals with the current situation of Austrian German and gives an example of how its general prestige can be raised. Finally, in a retrospective analysis of the paper, the research findings will be analysed and an outlook of the future development of Austrian German will be given in the concluding chapter six.

Is globalization causing the decline of the nation-state?

Author: Johannes Lenhard

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2010-01-29

Total Pages: 10

ISBN-13: 3640520173

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Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - Political Theory and the History of Ideas Journal, grade: 1.3, Royal Holloway, University of London, language: English, abstract: Globalization alone is not causing the decline of the nation-state – not a single ‘trend’ is able to reduce the power of the most important actor in the international system. Rather, different developments need to be taken into account when examining the situation of the nation-state. After having analyzed in the first part the way, major globalization-developments, like global capitalism, influence the nation-state, I will describe in the second and third part two other movements: internationalization and regionalization. Both are ‘labelled’ with a national/transnational ambiguity, on the one hand strengthening and on the other hand weakening the nation-state. Within the conclusion, I will then argue, that the nation-state is indeed ‘under attack’ – but not only by globalization – and that it has to cope with a changing nature and differing tasks.

Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Author: Christopher Moseley

Publisher: UNESCO

Published: 2010-01-01

Total Pages: 221

ISBN-13: 9231040960

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Languages are not only tools of communication, they also reflect a view of the world. Languages are vehicles of value systems and cultural expressions and are an essential component of the living heritage of humanity. Yet, many of them are in danger of disappearing. UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger tries to raise awareness on language endangerment. This third edition has been completely revised and expanded to include new series of maps and new points of view.

Language in Immigrant America

Author: Dominika Baran

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2017-10-12

Total Pages: 389

ISBN-13: 1107058392

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Machine generated contents note: Introduction; 1. Whose America?; 2. The alien specter then and now; 3. Hyphenated identity; 4. Foreign accents and immigrant Englishes; 5. Multilingual practices; 6. Immigrant children and language; 7. American becomings

Atlas of the World's Languages

Author: R.E. Asher

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-04-19

Total Pages: 416

ISBN-13: 1317851099

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Before the first appearance of the Atlas of the World's Languages in 1993, all the world's languages had never been accurately and completely mapped. The Atlas depicts the location of every known living language, including languages on the point of extinction. This fully revised edition of the Atlas offers: up-to-date research, some from fieldwork in early 2006 a general linguistic history of each section an overview of the genetic relations of the languages in each section statistical and sociolinguistic information a large number of new or completely updated maps further reading and a bibliography for each section a cross-referenced language index of over 6,000 languages. Presenting contributions from international scholars, covering over 6,000 languages and containing over 150 full-colour maps, the Atlas of the World's Languages is the definitive reference resource for every linguistic and reference library.