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Monitoring Responsibilities for Serious Incidents Involving Private Security Contractors Once U. S. Military Forces Leave Iraq Have Not Been Determined [electronic Resource].

Author: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2018-07-11

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13: 9781722771027

Monitoring responsibilities for serious incidents involving private security contractors once U.S. military forces leave Iraq have not been determined [electronic resource].

Monitoring responsibilities for serious incidents involving private security contractors once U.S. military forces leave Iraq have not been determined

Author: United States. Office of the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 17

ISBN-13:

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Private Security Companies during the Iraq War

Author: Scott Fitzsimmons

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2015-07-16

Total Pages: 253

ISBN-13: 1317541715

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This book explores the use of deadly force by private security companies during the Iraq War. The work focuses on and compares the activities of the US companies Blackwater and Dyncorp. Despite sharing several important characteristics, such as working for the same client (the US State Department) during the same time period, the employees of Blackwater fired their weapons far more often, and killed and seriously injured far more people in Iraq than their counterparts in DynCorp. In order to explain this disparity, the book undertakes the most comprehensive analysis ever attempted on the use of violence by the employees of these firms. Based on extensive empirical research, it offers a credible explanation for this difference: Blackwater maintained a relatively bellicose military culture that placed strong emphasis on norms encouraging its personnel to exercise personal initiative, proactive use of force, and an exclusive approach to security, which, together, motivated its personnel to use violence quite freely against anyone they suspected of posing a threat. Specifically, Blackwater’s military culture motivated its personnel to fire upon suspected threats more quickly, at greater distances, and with a greater quantity of bullets, and to more readily abandon the people they shot at when compared to DynCorp’s personnel, who maintained a military culture that encouraged far less violent behaviour. Utilizing the Private Security Company Violent Incident Dataset (PSCVID), created by the author in 2012, the book draws upon data on hundreds of violent incidents involving private security personnel in Iraq to identify trends in the behaviour exhibited by the employees of different firms. Based on this rich and original empirical data, the book provides the definitive study of contemporary private security personnel in the Iraq War. This book will be of much interest to students of the Iraq War, Private Security Companies, Military Studies, War and Conflict Studies and IR in general.

Private Military and Security Contractors

Author: Gary Schaub, Jr.

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield

Published: 2016-06-16

Total Pages: 440

ISBN-13: 1442260238

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In Private Military and Security Contractors (PMSCs) a multinational team of scholars and experts address a developing phenomenon: controlling the use of privatized force by states in international politics. Robust analyses of the evolving, multi-layered tapestry of formal and informal mechanisms of control address the microfoundations of the market, such as the social and role identities of contract employees, their acceptance by military personnel, and potential tensions between them. The extent and willingness of key states—South Africa, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Israel—to monitor and enforce discipline to structure their contractual relations with PMSCs on land and at sea is examined, as is the ability of the industry to regulate itself. Also discussed is the nascent international legal regime to reinforce state and industry efforts to encourage effective practices, punish inappropriate behavior, and shape the market to minimize the hazards of loosening states’ oligopolistic control over the means of legitimate organized violence. The volume presents a theoretically-informed synthesis of micro- and macro-levels of analysis, offering new insights into the challenges of controlling the agents of organized violence used by states for scholars and practitioners alike.

Free Market Criminal Justice

Author: Darryl K. Brown

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 321

ISBN-13: 0190457872

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Free Market Criminal Justice explains how faith in democratic politics and free markets has undermined the rule of law in US criminal process. It argues that, to strengthen the rule of law, US criminal justice needs less democracy, fewer market mechanisms, and more law.

Opportunities to Improve Processes for Reporting, Investigating, and Remediating Serious Incidents Involving Private Security Contractors in Iraq

Author: United States. Office of the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 54

ISBN-13:

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This report primarily focuses on the Department of Defense (DoD) oversight of serious incidents (such as attacks, deaths, injuries, and property damage) involving private security contractors (PSCs) in Iraq. It examines DoD?s (1) policies, procedures, and practices for reporting, investigating, and remediating those incidents and (2) efforts to identify trends and lessons learned. Because some Department of State (DoS) PSCs report their serious incidents through DoD channels as well as DoS channels, SIGIR reviewed pertinent DoS policies and procedures related to that reporting. The report responds to a mandate in the National Defense Authorization Act for 2008 (Public Law 110-181), which requires audits of the processes used to report, document, investigate, and prosecute (where appropriate) incidents involving private security contractors in Iraq. The U.S. government has relied extensively on PSCs in Iraq to protect personnel, supplies, and facilities. Although issues have surfaced over the years concerning the oversight, control, cost, and legal status of PSCs, the Blackwater incident in September 2007, during which 17 Iraqi civilians were killed, brought to the forefront concerns about the U.S. government's oversight and control of the PSCs. In December 2007, DoD and DoS signed a memorandum agreeing that they would jointly develop, implement, and follow core standards, policies, and procedures for the accountability, oversight, and discipline of PSCs in Iraq. Their objective was to reduce the number and impact of serious incidents. DoS assigned responsibility for implementing its part of the agreement to the U.S. Embassy, which in turn delegated responsibility to its Regional Security Office (RSO). DoD assigned its responsibility to the Multi-National Force-Iraq (MNFI). MNF-I established Contractor Operations Cells (CONOC)1 to coordinate PSC missions and to gather, assemble, and distribute information on serious incidents involving PSCs.

Investigation and Remediation Records Concerning Incidents of Weapons Discharges by Private Security Contractors Can be Improved

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 25

ISBN-13:

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The Department of Defense (DoD) has relied extensively on companies that provide physical security services, commonly known as private security contractors (PSCs), to perform a number of functions for the Multi-National Force-Iraq (MNF-I) including transporting and protecting personnel by convoy or aircraft and protecting supply convoys and facilities such as military bases or work sites. Over the years, several issues have surfaced concerning the oversight, control, costs, and legal status of DoD's PSCs. Concerns have been raised about the involvement of PSCs in incidents in which their weapons have been fired and Iraqi citizens have been wounded or killed. Such incidents, if unwarranted, can adversely impact the U.S. military mission and U.S.-Iraqi relations. From May 2008 through February 2009, 109 incidents of weapons discharges were reported by 13 of DoD's private security contractors and recorded in MNF-I's Contractor Operations Cells (CONOC) database. ACOB's lack of documentation for many of the weapons discharge incidents made it difficult, and in some cases impossible, to determine the total number of actions taken to investigate and remediate the incidents, including the actions that may have been taken by MNF-I against the PSCs in this timeframe. ACOB is responsible for ensuring that the commanders of the units that the PSCs support promptly and thoroughly review, and when necessary, investigate and remediate all serious incidents. Our analysis further supports the need for the ACOB and CONOC to establish a joint database for serious incidents that ACOB can use to capture the information it needs to fulfill its responsibilities to manage serious incidents involving PSCs.

Rebuilding Iraq

Author: William L. Solis

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 2009-02

Total Pages: 66

ISBN-13: 1437908756

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The U.S. government relies extensively on private security contractors (PSC) for a variety of security services. However, incidents involving PSCs have raised concerns about oversight and legal accountability. This review examined the extent to which the Dept. of Defense (DoD) and Dept. of State have strengthened: (1) oversight; and (2) coordination of PSC¿s in Iraq. This report also provides information on the legal framework used to hold private security contractor employees legally accountable for their actions in Iraq. Includes recommendations. Charts and tables.

Global Trends 2040

Author: National Intelligence Council

Publisher: Cosimo Reports

Published: 2021-03

Total Pages: 158

ISBN-13: 9781646794973

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"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

Warfighter Support

Author: William M. Solis

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 20

ISBN-13: 1437930123

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This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. The U.S. government's reliance on contractors, including the State Dept.'s and DoD¿s use of private security contractors in Iraq, has been well documented. What has not been so well examined is the comparative cost of using civilian employees or military members versus the cost of using contractors during contingency operations such as Operation Iraqi Freedom. One report concluded that for the 1-year period in 2004-05, the costs of the private contractor did not differ greatly from the costs of having a comparable military unit performing similar functions. This report focused on the comparison of the State Dept.'s costs to use private security contractors as opposed to using State Dept. employees to perform those same functions. Illus.