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Modern Hatreds

Author: Stuart J. Kaufman

Publisher: Cornell University Press

Published: 2015-06-22

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 1501701991

Ethnic conflict has been the driving force of wars all over the world, yet it remains an enigma. What is it about ethnicity that breaks countries apart and drives people to acts of savage violence against their lifelong neighbors? Stuart Kaufman rejects the notion of permanent "ancient hatreds" as the answer. Dissatisfied as well with a purely rationalist explanation, he finds the roots of ethnic violence in myths and symbols, the stories ethnic groups tell about who they are. Ethnic wars, Kaufman argues, result from the politics of these myths and symbols—appeals to flags and faded glories that aim to stir emotions rather than to address interests. Popular hostility based on these myths impels groups to follow extremist leaders invoking such emotion-laden ethnic symbols. If ethnic domination becomes their goal, ethnic war is the likely result. Kaufman examines contemporary ethnic wars in the Caucasus and southeastern Europe. Drawing on information from a variety of sources, including visits to the regions and dozens of personal interviews, he demonstrates that diplomacy and economic incentives are not enough to prevent or end ethnic wars. The key to real conflict resolution is peacebuilding—the often-overlooked effort by nongovernmental organizations to change hostile attitudes at both the elite and the grassroots levels.

Fires of Hatred

Author: Norman M. Naimark

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2002-09-19

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 0674975820

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Of all the horrors of the last century--perhaps the bloodiest century of the past millennium--ethnic cleansing ranks among the worst. The term burst forth in public discourse in the spring of 1992 as a way to describe Serbian attacks on the Muslims of Bosnia-Herzegovina, but as this landmark book attests, ethnic cleansing is neither new nor likely to cease in our time.

The Myth of Ethnic War

Author: V. P. Gagnon, Jr.

Publisher: Cornell University Press

Published: 2013-05-15

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13: 0801468884

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"The wars in Bosnia-Herzegovina and in neighboring Croatia and Kosovo grabbed the attention of the western world not only because of their ferocity and their geographic location, but also because of their timing. This violence erupted at the exact moment when the cold war confrontation was drawing to a close, when westerners were claiming their liberal values as triumphant, in a country that had only a few years earlier been seen as very well placed to join the west. In trying to account for this outburst, most western journalists, academics, and policymakers have resorted to the language of the premodern: tribalism, ethnic hatreds, cultural inadequacy, irrationality; in short, the Balkans as the antithesis of the modern west. Yet one of the most striking aspects of the wars in Yugoslavia is the extent to which the images purveyed in the western press and in much of the academic literature are so at odds with evidence from on the ground."—from The Myth of Ethnic War V. P. Gagnon Jr. believes that the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s were reactionary moves designed to thwart populations that were threatening the existing structures of political and economic power. He begins with facts at odds with the essentialist view of ethnic identity, such as high intermarriage rates and the very high percentage of draft-resisters. These statistics do not comport comfortably with the notion that these wars were the result of ancient blood hatreds or of nationalist leaders using ethnicity to mobilize people into conflict. Yugoslavia in the late 1980s was, in Gagnon's view, on the verge of large-scale sociopolitical and economic change. He shows that political and economic elites in Belgrade and Zagreb first created and then manipulated violent conflict along ethnic lines as a way to short-circuit the dynamics of political change. This strategy of violence was thus a means for these threatened elites to demobilize the population. Gagnon's noteworthy and rather controversial argument provides us with a substantially new way of understanding the politics of ethnicity.

Forms of Hatred

Author: Leonidas Donskis

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2021-11-08

Total Pages: 310

ISBN-13: 9004493468

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This book analyzes such symbolic designs of the modern troubled imagination as the conspiracy theory of society, deterministic concepts of identity and order, antisemitic obsessions, self-hatred, and the myth of the loss of roots. It offers, among other things, the unique East-Central European materials incorporated in a broad, imaginative synthesis and critique of contemporary social analysis.

Limiting institutions?

Author: James Sperling

Publisher: Manchester University Press

Published: 2018-07-30

Total Pages: 305

ISBN-13: 152613747X

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This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. Eurasian security governance has received increasing attention since 1989. The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, the institution that best served the security interests of the West in its competition with the Soviet Union, is now relatively ill-equipped resolve the threats emanating from Eurasia to the Atlantic system of security governance. This book investigates the important role played by identity politics in the shaping of the Eurasian security environment. It investigates both the state in post-Soviet Eurasia as the primary site of institutionalisation and the state's concerted international action in the sphere of security. This investigation requires a major caveat: state-centric approaches to security impose analytical costs by obscuring substate and transnational actors and processes. The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon marked the maturation of what had been described as the 'new terrorism'. Jervis has argued that the western system of security governance produced a security community that was contingent upon five necessary and sufficient conditions. The United States has made an effort to integrate China, Russia into the Atlantic security system via the Partnership for Peace (PfP) programme and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. The Black Sea Economic Cooperation has become engaged in disseminating security concerns in fields such as environment, energy and economy. If the end of the Cold War left America triumphant, Russia's new geopolitical hand seemed a terrible demotion. Successfully rebalancing the West and building a collaborative system with Russia, China, Europe and America probably requires more wisdom and skill from the world's leaders.

Nationalism, Referendums and Democracy

Author: Matt Qvortrup

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2016-04-08

Total Pages: 145

ISBN-13: 1134924518

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Democracy is above all about majority rule. But which majority should rule if a part of a country wants to secede and become independent? Should the majority of the whole country decide? Or only the majority in the part that seeks to become independent be allowed to vote? Referendums and democracy have often been perceived to be almost incompatible with nationalism and ethnicity. Are they? Are there limits to democracy and the use of referendums? This book looks at these issues through a comprehensive study of the referendums held on ethnic and nationalist issues since the French Revolution. It analyses the pros and cons of referendums and presents a nuanced and up-to date tour d’horizon of the academic and scholarly writings on the subject by experts in international law, comparative politics and international law. This book was published as a special issue of Nationalism and Ethnic Politics.

Emotions and Mass Atrocity

Author: Thomas Brudholm

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2018-03-22

Total Pages: 319

ISBN-13: 1108558143

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The study of genocide and mass atrocity abounds with references to emotions: fear, anger, horror, shame and hatred. Yet we don't understand enough about how 'ordinary' emotions behave in such extreme contexts. Emotions are not merely subjective and interpersonal phenomena; they are also powerful social and political forces, deeply involved in the history of mass violence. Drawing on recent insights from philosophy, psychology, history, and the social sciences, this volume examines the emotions of perpetrators, victims, and bystanders. Editors Thomas Brudholm and Johannes Lang have brought together an interdisciplinary group of prominent scholars to provide an in-depth analysis of the nature, value, and role of emotions as they relate to the causes and dynamics of mass atrocities. The result is a new perspective on the social, political, and moral dimensions of emotions in the history of collective violence and its aftermath.

Western Intervention in the Balkans

Author: Roger D. Petersen

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2011-09-30

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 1139503308

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Conflicts involve powerful experiences. The residue of these experiences is captured by the concept and language of emotion. Indiscriminate killing creates fear; targeted violence produces anger and a desire for vengeance; political status reversals spawn resentment; cultural prejudices sustain ethnic contempt. These emotions can become resources for political entrepreneurs. A broad range of Western interventions are based on a view of human nature as narrowly rational. Correspondingly, intervention policy generally aims to alter material incentives ('sticks and carrots') to influence behavior. In response, poorer and weaker actors who wish to block or change this Western implemented 'game' use emotions as resources. This book examines the strategic use of emotion in the conflicts and interventions occurring in the Western Balkans over a twenty-year period. The book concentrates on the conflicts among Albanian and Slavic populations (Kosovo, Montenegro, Macedonia, South Serbia), along with some comparisons to Bosnia.

A World Ignited

Author: Martin Tolchin

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers

Published: 2007-10-30

Total Pages: 269

ISBN-13: 1461711657

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War. Torture. Humiliation. Exploitation. Fear. Futility. The daily news is bleak. And it's not reserved to just one corner of the globe. World wide we are bombarded with graphic, emotionally-laden examples of inhumanity. These challenges to peace and freedom have become so commonplace that public and government responses are sedate or self-righteous. Meanwhile in more malevolent countries, manipulative politicians and sadistic terrorists have become skilled at exploiting this state of affairs. And we ignore it at our own peril. A World Ignited is about the surge of hatred that has swept the world in the last decade, its myriad causes, its toll in lives and human misery. This condition is amplified by modern communications technology, especially television and the Internet, and made more lethal by modern weaponry, including assault rifles and rocket launchers, and unprecedented tactics that strive for mass death and anguish. Anger is fed by economic disparities, religious and cultural wars that go back centuries, and deep-seated feelings of defeat and humiliation. The book takes aim at the Bush administration for its penchant for provocative and unilateral policies that have inspired unprecedented waves of anti-Americanism, but it also breaks new ground on both Bush's unsung role in combating worldwide anti-Semitism, and the role of the United States as the fount of hate on the Internet. The authors conclude this important and timely book in a positive manner with a look at the politics of hope and what can be done to halt, and even reverse, this cacophony of hate.

The Voice of Modern Hatred

Author: Fraser Nicholas

Publisher: Harry N. Abrams

Published: 2001-02-01

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781585671076

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"The end of the twentieth century was marked by a resurgence of extreme right-wing politics across Europe and, in Bosnia and Kosovo, atrocities compared to the most degrading events of the Second World War. Nicholas Fraser has spent three years traveling across Europe to meet, confront, and try to understand the personalities behind this resurgence and assess the threat they pose to democracy." "He interviewed members of what could be called "traditional" Far Rights groups, fascinated with the dark aesthetic of Fascism: the black boots, buckles, banners, and pagan mythology their mid-century forbears found so alluring. He sat in meetings held by "local" Fuhrers in Denmark, Belgium, and Germany - sporting the uniform of Doc Martens and Fred Perry polo shirts. These often were cranky, vocal, fringe groups, malcontented and poorly educated. But the Far Right does not consist only of disorganized, Doc-Martened hooligans. Fraser also spoke with leaders who speak a coded language of euphemism rather than overt hate language. Unlike the provocateur-ish French National Front leader Jean-Marie Le Pen, Austria's Jorg Haider has a talent for adapting his ideas to the present and, Fraser warns, one should not underestimate him and others who wear business suits and talk of "populism." His chapter on David Irving, the controversial right-wing historian who lost his libel lawsuit over claims he is a "Holocaust denier," marks a strike against those who would manipulate history." "In looking at neo-Fascism's recent history in Europe - its philosophical antecedents and its modern day adherents - Nicholas Fraser provides the deep background for the crucial and ongoing debate about how democracies should deal with the Far Right."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved