Lanterna Rally
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Militarizing the American Criminal Justice System
Author: Peter B. Kraska
Publisher: UPNE
Published: 2001
Total Pages: 190
ISBN-13: 9781555534769
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Controlling threats to national security has long been the mission of the U.S. military, while civilian law enforcement has dealt with domestic problems of crime, illegal drugs, and internal disorder. This groundbreaking collection argues persuasively that the conventional distinctions between these two forces are becoming blurred and considers the far-reaching consequences of the disquieting trend to militarize the nation's criminal justice system. The contributors examine the historical and current interrelationships between the military and police, illuminating such areas as the ideological similarities between waging real wars and fighting the wars on drugs and crime, the reshaping of the military's role after the end of the Cold War, the rapidly growing influence of advanced military technology in civilian society, and the adaptation of military models such as boot camps and SWAT teams in policing and corrections. As the lines between the military industrial complex and the criminal justice enterprise become ever more clouded, this work provides a much-needed evaluation of the thorny issues, dangers, and public policy ramifications raised by the entanglement between militari
Rise of the Warrior Cop
Author: Radley Balko
Publisher: PublicAffairs
Published: 2021-06-01
Total Pages: 497
ISBN-13: 1541700287
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This groundbreaking history of how American police forces have been militarized is now revised and updated. Newly added material brings the story through 2020, including analysis of the Ferguson protests, the Obama and Trump administrations, and the George Floyd protests. The last days of colonialism taught America’s revolutionaries that soldiers in the streets bring conflict and tyranny. As a result, our country has generally worked to keep the military out of law enforcement. But over the last two centuries, America’s cops have increasingly come to resemble ground troops. The consequences have been dire: the home is no longer a place of sanctuary, the Fourth Amendment has been gutted, and police today have been conditioned to see the citizens they serve as enemies. In Rise of the Warrior Cop, Balko shows how politicians’ ill-considered policies and relentless declarations of war against vague enemies like crime, drugs, and terror have blurred the distinction between cop and soldier. His fascinating, frightening narrative that spans from America’s earliest days through today shows how a creeping battlefield mentality has isolated and alienated American police officers and put them on a collision course with the values of a free society.
Comparison Between Military Police and Civilian Police
Police Militarization
Author: Frederick W. Turner II
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2018-12-11
Total Pages: 79
ISBN-13: 3030012824
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This Brief examines the “militarization” of law enforcement in the United States through the lens of the stakeholders primarily responsible for implementing, funding, and enacting the practice. Largely a result of policies such as the war on drugs, war on terror, and the 1033 program, there has been a gradual but dramatic rise in the use of military-grade weapons, equipment, and tactics used by police agencies across the United States. This Brief examines the level of support for various aspects of police militarization by lawmakers, police executives, and local police officers, and how their opinions may differ based upon their current position or demographic features using a series of analyses and propensity score matching techniques. This Brief also provides an overview of some of the key policy changes responsible for police militarization, and provides insights into the views held by policymakers and law enforcement on various aspects of the practice. The results indicate that while many responsible for this shift are in favor of paramilitary procurement programs, there are differing opinions on key issues such as oversight and use of military-grade weapons, equipment and paramilitary tactics. This work will be of interest to researchers in criminology and criminal justice, particularly those with an interest in policing studies, as well as related fields such as public policy, public administration, emergency management, and sociology.
U.S. Military Forces and Police Assistance in Stability Operations
Author: Dennis E. Keller
Publisher: Strategic Studies Institute
Published: 2010
Total Pages: 42
ISBN-13: 1584874570
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Establishing an effective local police force is one of the most critical elements of successful counterinsurgency and stability operations, but is a task for which the U.S. government is poorly prepared and lacks capacity. This monograph retraces the recent history of U.S. foreign police training, from the well-coordinated effort by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) from 1961 to 1974, the U.S. congressional prohibition of the use of foreign assistance funds for police training which ended the USAID police training role in 1974, and the subsequent evolution of a patchwork approach to U.S. foreign police training involving up to 30 departments and agencies, a variety of private police contractors, and multiple fund appropriations. Despite this bureaucratic complexity, the key principles for developing effective local police in stability operations remain the same. There must be a distinction between stability policing and community based policing, with a transition from the former to the latter at the appropriate phase of stability operations. Normative standards are critical for effective community based policing, and must be established by shaping police organizational subculture in the context of local societal culture. This monograph explores the way ahead to achieve these goals for effective local police in stability operations in the current complex and challenging operational environment.
International Intervention and the Use of Force
Author: Cornelius Friesendorf
Publisher: Ubiquity Press
Published: 2012-05-14
Total Pages: 97
ISBN-13: 1911529315
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Intervening states apply different approaches to the use force in war-torn countries. Calibrating the use of force according to the situation on the ground requires a convergence of military and police roles: soldiers have to be able to scale down, and police officers to scale up their use of force. In practice, intervening states display widely differing abilities to demonstrate such versatility. This paper argues that these differences are shaped by how the domestic institutions of sending states mediate between demands for versatile force and their own intervention practices. It considers the use of force by Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States in three contexts of international intervention: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Afghanistan. The paper highlights quite different responses to security problems as varied as insurgency, terrorism, organised crime and riots. This analysis offers important lessons. Those planning and implementing international interventions should take into account differences in the use of force. At the same time, moving towards versatile force profoundly changes the characteristics of security forces and may increase their short-term risks. This difficulty points to a key message emerging from this paper: effective, sustainable support to states emerging from conflict will only be feasible if intervening states reform their own security policies and practices.
Policing Iraq
Author: Jesse Wozniak
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Published: 2021-03-09
Total Pages: 254
ISBN-13: 0520975979
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Policing Iraq chronicles the efforts of the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq to rebuild their police force and criminal justice system in the wake of the US invasion. Jesse S. G. Wozniak conducted ethnographic research during multiple stays in Iraqi Kurdistan, observing such signpost moments as the Arab Spring, the official withdrawal of coalition forces, the rise of the Islamic State, and the return of US forces. By investigating the day-to-day reality of reconstructing a police force during active hostilities, Wozniak demonstrates how police are integral to the modern state’s ability to effectively rule and how the failure to recognize this directly contributed to the destabilization of Iraq and the rise of the Islamic State. The reconstruction process ignored established practices and scientific knowledge, instead opting to create a facade of legitimacy masking a police force characterized by low pay, poor recruits, and a training regimen wholly unsuited to a constitutional democracy. Ultimately, Wozniak argues, the United States never intended to build a democratic state but rather to develop a dependent client to serve its neoimperial interests.
The War Amongst Our Homes
Author: Aaron M. Carmichael
Publisher:
Published: 2016
Total Pages: 162
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This thesis seeks to investigate whether or not the increased police militarization has in fact truly affected society's perceptions of the police. In the United States we have seen the use of militarized equipment by our local (civilian) police departments on the rise. With various militarized weapons such as: assault rifles, night vision technologies and even camouflaged gear from wartime efforts being distributed to local police agencies as a part of military surplus transfers. The "war on drugs", "war on crime" and "war on terror" are said to be at the forefront of why we have and need such equipment and tactics. Though, is militarization the safest most effective way to combat these professed "wars"? This study analyzes the events leading up to how policing came to be, in addition to detailing how militarized policing came to exist. Furthermore, it showcases the evolution of policing strategies over the years; including the creation of the Special Weapons and Tactics units otherwise known as SWAT. This study is an effort to see if society feels that they are at war with police, but most importantly to gauge society's attitude as well as their perception towards the increased militarization of American Policing. Data analysis suggests that gender, income and area of study in college are some of the factors that have played a significant role in how individuals perceive police. Results of this investigation may help us find a way to aid and offset this tension amongst police and their constituents; thus in hopes of creating better police and community relations as a result thereof.
From Congo to Kosovo
Author: Annika S Hansen
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2013-06-17
Total Pages: 145
ISBN-13: 1136050647
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →An examination of the role of civilian police in peace operations, which has expanded greatly since the early 1990s and has culminated in international policemen assuming responsibility for law and order in Kosovo and East Timor. It looks at the way civilian police play a critical role in reforming local police forces and at times enforcing the law themselves.
