Micromolecular Evolution, Systematics and Ecology

Micromolecular Evolution, Systematics and Ecology PDF

Author: O.R. Gottlieb

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 183

ISBN-13: 3642686419

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For several decades botanists have been impressed by the discovery that the distribution of secondary plant substances follows the general lines of plant relationships. However, it soon became clear that little was to be gained from the study of individual compounds and their natural distribu tion. Therefore, more comprehensive studies were attempt ed in which the secondary chemistry of a major plant group was carefully studied and evaluated in the broader context of comparative phytochemistry. Holger Erdtman's admir able work on Coniferae is the foremost example of this kind. Since then, there has been an upswing in the study of the biosynthesis of secondary plant substances and it has become quite customary to make use of biosynthetic knowledge in interpreting chemosystematic evidence. More over, since taxonomists have insisted that use be made of all potentially available evidence for building classifications, it has been claimed that chemosystematics too should con sider the whole array of constituents present in a major taxon. However, in practice it has proved difficult to utilize fully the potential of natural product chemistry and biosynthetic studies for plant systematics and evolution, because bota nists found themselves rather disorientated by the scattered, often hardly accessible chemical literature and the fact that the chemical evidence was difficult for them to evaluate! Although the pioneering work of E. C.

Molecular Systematics and Plant Evolution

Molecular Systematics and Plant Evolution PDF

Author: Peter M. Hollingsworth

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 1999-08-19

Total Pages: 508

ISBN-13: 9781439833278

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Molecular Systematics and Plant Evolution discusses the diversity and evolution of plants with a molecular approach. It looks at population genetics, phylogeny (history of evolution) and developmental genetics, to provide a framework from which to understand evolutionary patterns and relationships amongst plants. The international panel of contributors are all respected systematists and evolutionary biologists, who have brought together a wide range of topics from the forefront of research while keeping the text accessible to students. It has been written for senior undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in the fields of botany, systematics, population / conservation genetics, phylogenetics and evolutionary biology.

Molecular Systematics of Fishes

Molecular Systematics of Fishes PDF

Author: Thomas D. Kocher

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1997-07-10

Total Pages: 329

ISBN-13: 0080536913

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Sequenced biological macromolecules have revitalized systematic studies of evolutionary history. Molecular Systematics of Fishes is the first authoritative overview of the theory and application of these sequencing data to fishes. This volume explores the phylogeny of fishes at multiple taxonomic levels, uses methods of analysis of molecular data that apply both within and between fish populations, and employs molecule-based phylogenies to address broader questions of evolution. Targeted readers include ichthyologists, marine scientists, and all students, faculty, and researchers interested in fish evolution and ecology and vertebrate systematics. Focuses on the phylogeny and evolutionary biology of fishes Contains phylogenies of fishes at multiple taxonomic levels Applies molecule-based phylogenies to broader questions of evolution Includes methods for critique of analysis of molecular data

Molecular Ecology and Evolution: Approaches and Applications

Molecular Ecology and Evolution: Approaches and Applications PDF

Author: Bernd Schierwater

Publisher: Birkhäuser

Published: 2013-10-03

Total Pages: 626

ISBN-13: 9783034875295

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In the last 25 years, we have witnessed a revolution in the way that ecologists and evolutionary biologists approach their disciplines. This revolution has been fueled by the ability to dissect the genetic and molecular basis of variation that is partly the currency of these disci plines. Using modern molecular techniques, we have begun to restruc ture the spectrum of questions that can be addressed in studying the mechanisms and consequences of the ecology and evolution of living organisms. The molecular revolution has co me in waves, so to speak, with three particularly important developments. The first concerns the establish ment and widespread use of pro tein analysis. Microcomplement fixation and isozyme e1ectrophoresis were the techniques around which much of the genetic work in ecology and evolution were once based. The next wave started with the development of recombinant DNA technology and centered around the use of restriction fragment length polymor phisms (RFLPs) and sequencing of DNAs cloned in bacteria. This technology was the first to actually examine and accumulate genetic information at the nucleotide level. The most recent wave of technology that we are currently experiencing is based on our ability to amplify DNA sequences enzymatically via the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Several techniques re1ated to PCR have been developed and used extensively in ecological and evolutionary studies.

Molecular Approaches to Ecology and Evolution

Molecular Approaches to Ecology and Evolution PDF

Author: R. deSalle

Publisher: Birkhäuser

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 371

ISBN-13: 3034889488

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Four years ago we edited a volume of 36 papers entitled Molecular Approaches to Ecology and Evolution (Schierwater et ai. , 1994), in which we attempted to put to gether a diverse array of papers that demonstrated the impact that the technologi cal revolution ofmolecular biology has had on the field ofevolutionary biologyand ecology. The present volume borrows from that theme but attempts to focus more sharply on the impact that molecular biology has had on our understanding of dif ferent hierarchical levels important in evolutionary and ecological studies. Because DNA sequence variation is at the heart ofeverypaper in the present volume, we feel it necessary to examine how DNA has affected study at various levels of biological organization. The majority of the chapters in the present volume follow themes es tablished in the earlier volume; all chapters by authors in the previous volume are either fully updated or entirely new and expand into areas that we felt were impor tant for a more complete understanding of the impact of DNA technology on ecol ogy and evolution. The collection of papers in this volume cover a diverse array of ecological and evolutionary questions and demonstrates the breadth of coverage molecular tech nology has imparted on modern evolutionary biology. There are also a broad range of hierarchical questions approached by the 17 papers in this volume.

Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution

Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution PDF

Author: J. C. Avise

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2011-09-23

Total Pages: 511

ISBN-13: 9781461523826

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Molecular approaches have opened new windows on a host of ecological and evolutionary disciplines, ranging from population genetics and behavioral ecology to conservation biology and systematics. Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution summarizes the multi-faceted discoveries about organisms in nature that have stemmed from analyses of genetic markers provided by polymorphic proteins and DNAs. The first part of the book introduces rationales for the use of molecular markers, provides a history of molecular phylogenetics, and describes a wide variety of laboratory methods and interpretative tools in the field. The second and major portion of the book provides a cornucopia of biological applications for molecular markers, organized along a scale from micro-evolutionary topics (such as forensics, parentage, kinship, population structure, and intra-specific phylogeny) to macro-evolutionary themes (including species relationships and the deeper phylogenetic structure in the tree of life). Unlike most prior books in molecular evolution, the focus is on organismal natural history and evolution, with the macromolecules being the means rather than the ends of scientific inquiry. Written as an intellectual stimulus for the advanced undergraduate, graduate student, or the practicing biologist desiring a wellspring of research ideas at the interface of molecular and organismal biology, this book presents material in a manner that is both technically straightforward, yet rich with concepts and with empirical examples from the world of nature.

Systematics and Evolution of the Ranunculiflorae

Systematics and Evolution of the Ranunculiflorae PDF

Author: Uwe Jensen

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 357

ISBN-13: 3709166128

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The volume presents current ideas about the systematics and evolution of the Ranunculiflorae and most of its constituent families. A strong effort has been made to integrate DNA and morphological, anatomical, etc. evidence, and new ideas about the origin and phylogeny of the entire group as well as the Berberidaceae, Lardizabalaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Papaveraceae are arrived at.