Metabolism of Herbicides in Higher Plants
Author: Kriton K. Hatzios
Publisher: Cepco Division Burgess Publishing Company
Published: 1982
Total Pages: 160
ISBN-13:
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Biochemistry and Physiology of Herbicide Action
Author: Carl Fedtke
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-12-06
Total Pages: 213
ISBN-13: 3642683754
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Herbicides are part of modern agricultural production systems and therefore contribute significantly to the economy of agricultural products. At the same time, herbicides are potent and specific inhibitors of plant metabolism and may therefore be used as valuable tools in basic plant physiological research. A well-known example is the photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicide diuron, known to plant physiologists as DCMU, which has become one of the essentials in modern photosynthesis research. Similarly, knowledge in other areas of plant metabolism may be advanced by the use of herbicides as specific inhibitors. This book describes the effects of herbicides on the metabolism of higher plants from the viewpoint of the plant physiologist. The material of this book is therefore, as far as possible, divided into areas of metabolism. This book intends (1) to present the reader with current knowledge and views in the area of herbicide modes of action and (2) to promote the future use of herbicides as metabolic inhibitors in plant physiological research to the advantage of both, the pesticide and the plant sciences. I wish to express my thanks to my colleagues and friends Prof. N. Amrhein, Prof. E. Elstner, Dr. L. Eue, Dr. J. Konze, Dr. K. Liirssen, Dr. W.Oettmeier, Dr. H. Quader, Dr. R. R. Schmidt, Dr. R. H. Shimabukuro, Dr. J. Stetter, Prof.
Herbicides and Plant Metabolism
Author: A. D. Dodge
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 1989
Total Pages: 292
ISBN-13: 9780521344227
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →A review of the most important areas of the biochemistry of herbicide action. The introductory chapter begins with the field of herbicide discovery, followed by chapters dealing with the herbicidal inhibition of photosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, lipid biosynthesis, and amino acid biosynthesis. The metabolism of herbicides is discussed with particular reference to the formation of toxic components from non-toxic chemicals, and also the inactivation of toxic chemicals as a basis for selectivity. The final chapters are concerned with mechanisms of herbicide resistance in plants and the possibility of transferring resistance to susceptible crops. A glossary of the most important herbicidal chemicals mentioned in the text is included.
Molecular Mechanisms of Herbicide Selectivity
Author: D. E. Hathway
Publisher:
Published: 1989
Total Pages: 230
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Because plants of different species vary in the way in which they take up, transport, and metabolize chemicals in the soil, selective herbicides can be synthesized. This book examines those aspects of plant physiology, principally in crop plants, which can be affected by herbicides; the possibilities that are offered by recombinant DNA technology for developing resistance to herbicides; and methods for exploiting or preventing acquired tolerance. The author also covers recent work on ultra-selective mycoherbicides and the use of allelochemicals as herbicide substitutes.
Analysis of 2,4-D Metabolites in Higher Plants by Gas Chromatography
Author: Norman Cline Glaze
Publisher:
Published: 1966
Total Pages: 94
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The use of herbicides is increasing rapidly year by year. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is the most widely used of the herbicides offered on the market. Although 2,4-D was one of the first selective herbicides discovered and has been investigated by many workers over the years, there are still many questions concerning its metabolism. Hydroxylated derivatives have been found in some microorganisms and plants . This might be expected as hydroxylation is a prime method of detoxication in biological systems. 2,4-D has been found to be hydroxylated predominantly in the 5-position. However, 4- hydroxy-2,3- and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dichlorophenoxyacetic acids have been identified in some cases. This is interesting as it involves much more elaborate mechanisms than hydroxylation in a vacant position. The formation of these hydroxy acids requires a chlorine shift to one of the meta positions and hydroxylation in the para position. The object of this work is to determine whether hydroxylated derivatives are formed by excised roots from 2,4-D or related herbicides. Some workers have also found muconic acids and gamma-lactones as succeeding stages in the metabolism of these herbicides. This would follow from an oxidative degradation of the ring structure. The lactones found are of interest from the public health standpoint. The gamma-lactones isolated contain double bonds in the even numbered positions and compounds of this type have been found to be carcinogenic. If these compounds appear in any appreciable amounts and are not very transitory in nature, the use of the herbicides involved might require reevaluation by regulating organizations.
Herbicide Activity
Author: R. Michael Roe
Publisher: IOS Press
Published: 1997
Total Pages: 224
ISBN-13: 9789051993110
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Developments in the understanding of herbicide activity and toxicology have expanded tremendously in the past fifteen years. Research on the mechanism of action of most major classes of herbicide chemistry has provided scientists with excellent insight into enzyme targets. More recently, developments in molecular biology have provided information about herbicide action at the genetic level. Less well understood are the toxicological aspects of herbicide activity that culminate in plant injury or death. Toxicology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Herbicide Activity is a review of the recent literature on most of the major classes of herbicide chemistry in commercial use. The chapters include information about different aspects of herbicide activity related to photosynthesis, inhibition of amino acid biosynthesis, disruption of cell division and microtubule assembly, activity of phytohormone (auxin) mimics, inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis and some developments in the understanding of herbicide resistance.
Mode of Action of Herbicides
Author: Floyd M. Ashton
Publisher:
Published: 1981-05-05
Total Pages: 538
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Herbicide classification. Morphological responses to herbicides. Absorption and translocation of herbicides. Molecular fate of herbicides in higher plants. Biochemical responses to herbicides. Alphatics. Amides. Amitrole. Benzoics. Bipyridyliums. Carbamates. Dinitroanilines. Diphenyl Ethers. Glyphosate. Nitriles. Phenoxys. Thiocarbamates. Triazines. Ureas.
Herbicides and Plant Physiology
Author: Andrew H. Cobb
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2011-06-09
Total Pages: 311
ISBN-13: 1444322494
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Herbicides make a spectacular contribution to modern crop production. Yet, for the development of more effective and safer agrochemicals, it is essential to understand how these compounds work in plants and their surroundings. This expanded and fully revised second edition of Herbicides and Plant Physiology provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of how modern herbicides interact with target plants, and how they are used to manage crop production. In addition, the text: Provides a current account of the importance of weeds to crop yield and quality; Describes how new herbicides are discovered and developed; Examines precise sites of herbicide action and mechanisms of herbicide selectivity and resistance; Reviews commercial and biotechnological applications, including genetically engineered herbicide resistance in crops; Suggests new areas for future herbicide development; Includes many specially prepared illustrations. As a summary of diverse research information, this second edition of Herbicides and Plant Physiology is a valuable reference for students and researchers in plant physiology, crop production/protection, plant biochemistry, biotechnology and agriculture. All libraries in universities, agricultural colleges and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught will need copies of this excellent book on their shelves.
Pesticide Biotransformation and Disposition
Author: Ernest Hodgson
Publisher: Academic Press
Published: 2012-01-01
Total Pages: 236
ISBN-13: 0123854822
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Biotransformation of Pesticides is an updated, "one-stop" resource for academic, industry and regulatory scientists involved in research and regulatory activities related to pesticide biotransformation and human health. This book provides an in depth look at how pesticides are biotransformed, which is essential to understanding exposure, dose, toxicity and health risks. This essential reference contains the biotransformation of pesticides from uptake to excretion, including toxicokinetics and emphasizes metabolism in non-target species, including experimental animals and humans. Includes four new chapters and expanded material on pesticide biotransformation and disposition, an active area of pesticide toxicology that is becoming increasingly important for human health risk assessment Offers a practical and portable guide covering the most up-to-date research results on metabolic transformations of pesticides Provides scientists and regulatory researchers with the information they need to conduct accurate risk assessments and make informed decisions on which exposures to study further in human populations
Target Sites for Herbicide Action
Author: R. Kirkwood
Publisher: Springer
Published: 1991-10-31
Total Pages: 368
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The development of chemicals to selectively control the growth of weeds has been a fascinating success story which has unfolded largely during the last four decades. The dramatic growth of herbicide research that followed the wartime discoveries of the auxin-type herbicides (phenoxyalkanoic acids) resulted in a whole range of compounds and mixtures which are used to eliminate broad-or narrow-leaved weeds from agricultural, horticul tural, or forestry crops. Today, the safe use of this armament of compounds requires our understanding of their mode of action, metabolism, and environmental persistence. The most recently developed herbicides are highly effective inhibitors of specific enzyme systems, and formulation may be an important factor determining their efficient delivery at specific target sites. In this book, the major target sites of herbicide action are discussed in Chapters 1-5, with particular reference to photosynthesis; amino acid, lipid, and carotenoid synthesis; and other primary target sites. The effects of synergists or antagonists as modifiers of herbicide action are described in Chapter 6. The importance of efficient target site delivery as a fundamental factor in herbicide activity and selectivity is generally recognized. Delivery of a potentially lethal dose of active ingredient may depend on a whole range of factors including the efficiency of application, retention, absorption, translocation, immobilization, and detoxification. These aspects are con sidered in the remaining chapters, with particular reference to the pathways and mechanisms involved in the uptake, translocation, and metabolism of soil-and foliage-applied herbicides.
