Positive Ion Composition Measurements in the Lower Ionosphere During the 12 November 1966 Solar Eclipse

Positive Ion Composition Measurements in the Lower Ionosphere During the 12 November 1966 Solar Eclipse PDF

Author: Rocco S. Narcisi

Publisher:

Published: 1970

Total Pages: 22

ISBN-13:

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Positive ion composition measurements in the D and E regions were performed on three rocket flights during the 1966 solar eclipse program conducted at Cassino, Brazil. The E region results showed that, at totality, NO+ and O2+ decreased in density while the ratio NO+/O2 increased. Long-lived meteoric ions appeared to be unaffected during the short period of the eclipse. A submerged layer of meteoric ions became prominent at totality when the molecular ion densities were smallest and produced a sporadic E layer. The D region results indicated that the decay in the water cluster ions at totality was probably less than a factor of four in the vicinity of 80 km. This work represents part of a continuing Air Force program to study lower ionospheric processes which affect communications. (Author).

Development of an Ion Mass Spectrometer and Sounding Rocket System for D-region Cluster-ion Measurement

Development of an Ion Mass Spectrometer and Sounding Rocket System for D-region Cluster-ion Measurement PDF

Author: A. Bailey

Publisher:

Published: 1982

Total Pages: 108

ISBN-13:

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An Ion Mass Spectrometer and supporting Sounding Rocket System were developed to make in situ measurements of cluster-ions in the D-region of the ionosphere. A cryogenically vacuum-pumped quadrupole mass filter and secondary emission ion counter are coupled to make mass spectral measurements of positive and negative ion composition in ambient gas sampled at the apex of a cone designed to attach the shock wave induced by supersonic sounding rocket speeds. (Author).

The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars

The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars PDF

Author: Robert M. Haberle

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2017-06-29

Total Pages: 613

ISBN-13: 110817938X

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Humanity has long been fascinated by the planet Mars. Was its climate ever conducive to life? What is the atmosphere like today and why did it change so dramatically over time? Eleven spacecraft have successfully flown to Mars since the Viking mission of the 1970s and early 1980s. These orbiters, landers and rovers have generated vast amounts of data that now span a Martian decade (roughly eighteen years). This new volume brings together the many new ideas about the atmosphere and climate system that have emerged, including the complex interplay of the volatile and dust cycles, the atmosphere-surface interactions that connect them over time, and the diversity of the planet's environment and its complex history. Including tutorials and explanations of complicated ideas, students, researchers and non-specialists alike are able to use this resource to gain a thorough and up-to-date understanding of this most Earth-like of planetary neighbours.

Miniature Mass Spectrometers for Upper Atmosphere Composition Measurements

Miniature Mass Spectrometers for Upper Atmosphere Composition Measurements PDF

Author: A. D. Bailey

Publisher:

Published: 1966

Total Pages: 48

ISBN-13:

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A basic quadrupole mass spectrometer system for neutral and ionized gaseous composition measurements of the upper atmosphere is described. Emphasis is placed on the electronic circuits used with a particular miniature quadrupole rod assembly and ionizer. Circuits described include the power converter, scan waveform generator, dc and rf excitation generators, logarithmic output current amplifier, ion source filament emission regulator and signal-conditioning circuits for telemetering. A summary of performance specifications and critical design dimensions is included. (Author).

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