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Logic Synthesis for FPGA-Based Control Units

Author: Alexander Barkalov

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-01-08

Total Pages: 247

ISBN-13: 3030382958

This book focuses on control units, which are a vital part of modern digital systems, and responsible for the efficiency of controlled systems. The model of a finite state machine (FSM) is often used to represent the behavior of a control unit. As a rule, control units have irregular structures that make it impossible to design their logic circuits using the standard library cells. Design methods depend strongly on such factors as the FSM used, specific features of the logic elements implemented in the FSM logic circuit, and the characteristics of the control algorithm to be interpreted. This book discusses Moore and Mealy FSMs implemented with FPGA chips, including look-up table elements (LUT) and embedded memory blocks (EMB). It is crucial to minimize the number of LUTs and EMBs in an FSM logic circuit, as well as to make the interconnections between the logic elements more regular, and various methods of structural decompositions can be used to solve this problem. These methods are reduced to the presentation of an FSM circuit as a composition of different logic blocks, the majority of which implement systems of intermediate logic functions different (and much simpler) than input memory functions and FSM output functions. The structural decomposition results in multilevel FSM circuits having fewer logic elements than equivalent single-level circuits. The book describes well-known methods of structural decomposition and proposes new ones, examining their impact on the final amount of hardware in an FSM circuit. It is of interest to students and postgraduates in the area of Computer Science, as well as experts involved in designing digital systems with complex control units. The proposed models and design methods open new possibilities for creating logic circuits of control units with an optimal amount of hardware and regular interconnections.

Logic Synthesis for FPGA-Based Finite State Machines

Author: Alexander Barkalov

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-10-15

Total Pages: 287

ISBN-13: 3319242024

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This book discusses control units represented by the model of a finite state machine (FSM). It contains various original methods and takes into account the peculiarities of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) chips and a FSM model. It shows that one of the peculiarities of FPGA chips is the existence of embedded memory blocks (EMB). The book is devoted to the solution of problems of logic synthesis and reduction of hardware amount in control units. The book will be interesting and useful for researchers and PhD students in the area of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, as well as for designers of modern digital systems.

Logic Synthesis for Fpga-Based Mealy Finite State Machines

Author: Alexander Barkalov

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2024-12-04

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781032882277

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This book is devoted to logic synthesis of field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based circuits of Mealy finite state machines (FSM). Three new methods of state assignment are proposed which allows obtaining FSM circuits required minimum amount of internal chip resources. Logic Synthesis for FPGA-Based Mealy Finite State Machines: Structural Decomposition in Logic Design contains several original synthesis and optimization methods based on structural decomposition of FPGA-based FSM circuits developed by the authors. To optimize FSM circuits, the authors introduce the use three of methods of state assignment: twofold, extended, and composite. These methods allow for creating two-or three level architectures of FSM circuits. The authors also demonstrate how the proposed methods, FSM architectures and synthesis methods can replace known solutions based on either functional decomposition or classical methods of structural decomposition. The authors also show how these architectures have regular systems of interconnections and demonstrate positive features as compared to methods based on functional decomposition including producing circuits with fewer elements, that are faster and consume less power than their counterparts. The book includes experimental results proving efficiency of the proposed solutions and compares the numbers in Look-up Tables (LUTs), showing performance (maximum operating frequency) and power consumption for various methods of state assignment. The audience for this book is students researchers, and engineers specializing in computer science/ engineering, electronics, and telecommunications. It will be especially useful for engineers working with in the scope of algorithms, hardware-based software accelerators and control units, and systems based on the use of FPGA's.

Logic Synthesis for FSM-Based Control Units

Author: Alexander Barkalov

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-11-25

Total Pages: 245

ISBN-13: 3642043097

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This book presents the hardware implementation of control algorithms represented by graph-schemes of algorithm. It includes new methods of logic synthesis and optimization for logic circuits of Mealy and Moore FSMs oriented on both ASIC and FPLD.

Logic Synthesis for Finite State Machines Based on Linear Chains of States

Author: Alexander Barkalov

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-06-24

Total Pages: 228

ISBN-13: 3319598376

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This book discusses Moore finite state machines (FSMs) implemented with field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) including look-up table (LUT) elements and embedded memory blocks (EMBs). To minimize the number of LUTs in FSM logic circuits, the authors propose replacing a state register with a state counter. They also put forward an approach allowing linear chains of states to be created, which simplifies the system of input memory functions and, therefore, decreases the number of LUTs in the resulting FSM circuit. The authors combine this approach with using EMBs to implement the system of output functions (microoperations). This allows a significant decrease in the number of LUTs, as well as eliminating a lot of interconnections in the FSM logic circuit. As a rule, it also reduces the area occupied by the circuit and diminishes the resulting power dissipation. This book is an interesting and valuable resource for students and postgraduates in the area of computer science, as well as for designers of digital systems that included complex control units

Logic Synthesis for Control Automata

Author: Samary Baranov

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 404

ISBN-13: 1461526922

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Logic Synthesis for Control Automata provides techniques for logic design of very complex control units with hardly any constraints on their size, i.e. the number of inputs, outputs and states. These techniques cover all stages of control unit design, including: description of control unit behavior by using operator schemes of algorithms (binary decision trees) and various transformations of these descriptions -- composition, decomposition, minimization, etc.; synthesis of a control automaton (finite-state machine); synthesis of an automaton logic circuit: with matrix structure as a part of LSI or VLSI circuits; as multilevel circuit with logic gates; with standard LSI and VLSI circuits with and without memory. Each chapter contains many examples, illustrating the use of the models and methods described. Moreover, the special last chapter demonstrates in detail the whole design methodology presented in the previous chapters, through the examples of the logic design for a control unit. The models, methods and algorithms described in the book can be applied to a broad class of digital system design problems including design of complex controllers, robots, control units of computers and for designing CAD systems of VLSI circuits using FPGA, PLD and SIC technologies. Logic Synthesis for Control Automata is a valuable reference for graduate students, researchers and engineers involved in the design of very complex controllers, VLSI circuits and CAD systems. The inclusion of many examples and problems makes it most suitable for a course on the subject.

Logic Synthesis for Compositional Microprogram Control Units

Author: Alexander Barkalov

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-07-17

Total Pages: 283

ISBN-13: 3540692851

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One of the very important parts of any digital system is the control unit, coordin- ing interplay of other system blocks. As a rule, control units have irregular str- ture, which makes process of their logic circuits design very sophisticated. In case of complex logic controllers, the problem of system design is reduced practically to the design of control units. Actually, we observe a real technical boom connected with achievements in semiconductor technology. One of these is the development of integrated circuit known as the "systems-on-a-programmable- chip" (SoPC), where the number of elements approaches one billion. Because of the extreme complexity of microchips, it is very important to develop effective design methods oriented on particular properties of logical elements. Solution of this problem permits impr- ing functional capabilities of the target digital system inside single SoPC chip. As majority of researches point out, design methods used in case of industrial packages are, in case of complex digital system design, far from optimal. Similar problems concern the design of control units with standard ?eld-programmable logic devices (FPLD), such as PLA, PAL, GAL, CPLD, and FPGA. Let us point out that modern SoPC are based on CPLD or FPGA technology. Thus, the development of eff- tive design methods oriented on FPLD implementation of logic circuits used in the control units still remains the problem of great importance.

Synthesis and Optimization of FPGA-Based Systems

Author: Valery Sklyarov

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2014-03-14

Total Pages: 443

ISBN-13: 3319047086

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The book is composed of two parts. The first part introduces the concepts of the design of digital systems using contemporary field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Various design techniques are discussed and illustrated by examples. The operation and effectiveness of these techniques is demonstrated through experiments that use relatively cheap prototyping boards that are widely available. The book begins with easily understandable introductory sections, continues with commonly used digital circuits, and then gradually extends to more advanced topics. The advanced topics include novel techniques where parallelism is applied extensively. These techniques involve not only core reconfigurable logical elements, but also use embedded blocks such as memories and digital signal processing slices and interactions with general-purpose and application-specific computing systems. Fully synthesizable specifications are provided in a hardware-description language (VHDL) and are ready to be tested and incorporated in engineering designs. A number of practical applications are discussed from areas such as data processing and vector-based computations (e.g. Hamming weight counters/comparators). The second part of the book covers the more theoretical aspects of finite state machine synthesis with the main objective of reducing basic FPGA resources, minimizing delays and achieving greater optimization of circuits and systems.

Logic Synthesis for VLSI-Based Combined Finite State Machines

Author: Alexander Barkalov

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-11-24

Total Pages: 305

ISBN-13: 3031160274

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The book is devoted to design and optimization of control units represented by combined finite state machines (CFSMs). The CFSMs combine features of both Mealy and Moore FSMs. Having states of Moore FSM, they produce output signals of both Mealy and Moore types. To optimize the circuits of CFSMs, we propose to use optimization methods targeting both Mealy and Moore FSMs. The book contains some original synthesis and optimization methods targeting hardware reduction in VLSI-based CFSM circuits. These methods take into account the peculiarities of both a CFSM model and a VLSI chip in use. The optimization is achieved due to combining classical optimization methods with new methods proposed in this book. These new methods are a mixed encoding of collections of microoperations and a twofold state assignment in CFSMs. All proposed methods target reducing the numbers of arguments in systems of Boolean functions representing CFSM circuits. Also, we propose to use classes of pseudoequivalent states of Moore FSMs to reduce the number of product terms in these systems.The book includes a lot of examples which contributes to a better understanding of the features of the synthesis methods under consideration. This is the first book entirely devoted to the problems associated with synthesis and optimization of VLSI-based CFSMs. We hope that the book will be interesting and useful for students and PhD students in the area of Computer Science, as well as for designers of various digital systems. We think that proposed CFSM models enlarge the class of models applied for implementation of control units with modern VLSI chips.

Memory-Based Logic Synthesis

Author: Tsutomu Sasao

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-03-01

Total Pages: 198

ISBN-13: 1441981047

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This book describes the synthesis of logic functions using memories. It is useful to design field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) that contain both small-scale memories, called look-up tables (LUTs), and medium-scale memories, called embedded memories. This is a valuable reference for both FPGA system designers and CAD tool developers, concerned with logic synthesis for FPGAs.