Linguistic Structure in Language Processing

Linguistic Structure in Language Processing PDF

Author: G.N. Carlson

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 418

ISBN-13: 9400927290

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The papers in this volume are intended to exemplify the state of experimental psycho linguistics in the middle to later 1980s. Our over riding impression is that the field has come a long way since the earlier work of the 1950s and 1960s, and that the field has emerged with a renewed strength from a difficult period in the 1970s. Not only are the theoretical issues more sharply defined and integrated with existing issues from other domains ("modularity" being one such example), but the experimental techniques employed are much more sophisticated, thanks to the work of numerous psychologists not necessarily interested in psycholinguistics, and thanks to improving technologies unavailable a few years ago (for instance, eye-trackers). We selected papers that provide a coherent, overall picture of existing techniques and issues. The volume is organized much as one might organize an introductory linguistics course - beginning with sound and working "up" to mean ing. Indeed, the first paper, Rebecca Treiman's, begins with considera tion of syllable structure, a phonological consideration, and the last, Alan Garnham's, exemplifies some work on the interpretation of pro nouns, a semantic matter. In between are found works concentrating on morphemes, lexical structures, and syntax. The cross-section represented in this volume is by necessity incom plete, since we focus only on experimental work directed at under standing how adults comprehend and produce language. We do not include any works on language acquisition, first or second.

Linguistic Structure Prediction

Linguistic Structure Prediction PDF

Author: Noah A. Smith

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-05-31

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13: 3031021436

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A major part of natural language processing now depends on the use of text data to build linguistic analyzers. We consider statistical, computational approaches to modeling linguistic structure. We seek to unify across many approaches and many kinds of linguistic structures. Assuming a basic understanding of natural language processing and/or machine learning, we seek to bridge the gap between the two fields. Approaches to decoding (i.e., carrying out linguistic structure prediction) and supervised and unsupervised learning of models that predict discrete structures as outputs are the focus. We also survey natural language processing problems to which these methods are being applied, and we address related topics in probabilistic inference, optimization, and experimental methodology. Table of Contents: Representations and Linguistic Data / Decoding: Making Predictions / Learning Structure from Annotated Data / Learning Structure from Incomplete Data / Beyond Decoding: Inference

Grammar and Cognition

Grammar and Cognition PDF

Author: Alexander Haselow

Publisher:

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 358

ISBN-13: 9789027207722

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The brain and the mind behind grammar : dualistic approaches in grammar research and (neuro)‍cognitive studies of language / Alexander Haselow and Gunther Kaltenböck -- Familiar phrases in language competence : linguistic, psychological, and neurological observations support a dual process model of language / Diana Van Lancker Sidtis -- Dual process frameworks on reasoning and linguistic discourse : a comparison / Bernd Heine, Tania Kuteva and Haiping Long -- Language activity in the light of cerebral hemisphere differences : towards a pragma-syntactic account of human grammar / Alexander Guryev and François Delafontaine -- Dual processing in a functional-cognitive theory of grammar and its neurocognitive basis / Kasper Boye and Peter Harder -- Dichotomous or continuous? : final particles and a dualistic conception of grammar / Katsunobu Izutsu and Mitsuko Narita Izutsu -- The semantics, syntax and prosody of adverbs in English : an FDG perspective / Evelien Keizer -- Formulaic language and discourse grammar : evidence from speech disorder / Gunther Kaltenböck -- Local and global structures in discourse and interaction : linguistic and psycholinguistic aspects / Alexander Haselow -- Agreement groups and dualistic syntactic processing / László Drienkó.

Linguistic Fundamentals for Natural Language Processing

Linguistic Fundamentals for Natural Language Processing PDF

Author: Emily M. Bender

Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Published: 2013-06-01

Total Pages: 186

ISBN-13: 1627050124

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Many NLP tasks have at their core a subtask of extracting the dependencies—who did what to whom—from natural language sentences. This task can be understood as the inverse of the problem solved in different ways by diverse human languages, namely, how to indicate the relationship between different parts of a sentence. Understanding how languages solve the problem can be extremely useful in both feature design and error analysis in the application of machine learning to NLP. Likewise, understanding cross-linguistic variation can be important for the design of MT systems and other multilingual applications. The purpose of this book is to present in a succinct and accessible fashion information about the morphological and syntactic structure of human languages that can be useful in creating more linguistically sophisticated, more language-independent, and thus more successful NLP systems. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / Introduction/motivation / Morphology: Introduction / Morphophonology / Morphosyntax / Syntax: Introduction / Parts of speech / Heads, arguments, and adjuncts / Argument types and grammatical functions / Mismatches between syntactic position and semantic roles / Resources / Bibliography / Author's Biography / General Index / Index of Languages

Linguistic Structure and Change

Linguistic Structure and Change PDF

Author: Thomas Berg

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 364

ISBN-13: 9780198236726

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Thomas Berg challenges context-free theories of linguistics; he is concerned with the way the term 'explanation' is typically used in the discipline. He argues that real explanations cannot emerge from a view which asserts the autonomy of language, but only from an approach which seeks to establish a connection between language and the contexts in which it is embedded. The author examines the psychological context in detail. He uses an interactiveactivation model of language processing to derive predictions about synchronic linguistic patterns, the course of linguistic change, and the structure of poetic rhymes. The majority of these predictions are borne out, leading the author to conclude that the structure of language is shaped by the properties of the mechanism which puts it to use, and that psycholinguistics thus qualifies as one likely approach from which to derive an explanation of linguistic structure.

Morphological Structure in Language Processing

Morphological Structure in Language Processing PDF

Author: R. Harald Baayen

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter

Published: 2011-07-20

Total Pages: 533

ISBN-13: 3110910187

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This volume brings together a series of studies of morphological processing in Germanic (English, German, Dutch), Romance (French, Italian), and Slavic (Polish, Serbian) languages. The question of how morphologically complex words are organized and processed in the mental lexicon is addressed from different theoretical perspectives (single and dual route models), for different modalities (auditory and visual comprehension, writing), and for language development. Experimental work is reported, as well as computational and statistical modeling. Thus, this volume provides a useful overview of the range of issues currently attracting reseach at the intersection of morphology and psycholinguistics.

Linguistic Fundamentals for Natural Language Processing II

Linguistic Fundamentals for Natural Language Processing II PDF

Author: Emily M. Bender

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-06-01

Total Pages: 250

ISBN-13: 303102172X

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Meaning is a fundamental concept in Natural Language Processing (NLP), in the tasks of both Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG). This is because the aims of these fields are to build systems that understand what people mean when they speak or write, and that can produce linguistic strings that successfully express to people the intended content. In order for NLP to scale beyond partial, task-specific solutions, researchers in these fields must be informed by what is known about how humans use language to express and understand communicative intents. The purpose of this book is to present a selection of useful information about semantics and pragmatics, as understood in linguistics, in a way that's accessible to and useful for NLP practitioners with minimal (or even no) prior training in linguistics.

The Handbook of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing

The Handbook of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing PDF

Author: Alexander Clark

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-04-24

Total Pages: 802

ISBN-13: 1118448677

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This comprehensive reference work provides an overview of the concepts, methodologies, and applications in computational linguistics and natural language processing (NLP). Features contributions by the top researchers in the field, reflecting the work that is driving the discipline forward Includes an introduction to the major theoretical issues in these fields, as well as the central engineering applications that the work has produced Presents the major developments in an accessible way, explaining the close connection between scientific understanding of the computational properties of natural language and the creation of effective language technologies Serves as an invaluable state-of-the-art reference source for computational linguists and software engineers developing NLP applications in industrial research and development labs of software companies

Natural Language Processing with Python

Natural Language Processing with Python PDF

Author: Steven Bird

Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."

Published: 2009-06-12

Total Pages: 506

ISBN-13: 0596555717

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This book offers a highly accessible introduction to natural language processing, the field that supports a variety of language technologies, from predictive text and email filtering to automatic summarization and translation. With it, you'll learn how to write Python programs that work with large collections of unstructured text. You'll access richly annotated datasets using a comprehensive range of linguistic data structures, and you'll understand the main algorithms for analyzing the content and structure of written communication. Packed with examples and exercises, Natural Language Processing with Python will help you: Extract information from unstructured text, either to guess the topic or identify "named entities" Analyze linguistic structure in text, including parsing and semantic analysis Access popular linguistic databases, including WordNet and treebanks Integrate techniques drawn from fields as diverse as linguistics and artificial intelligence This book will help you gain practical skills in natural language processing using the Python programming language and the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) open source library. If you're interested in developing web applications, analyzing multilingual news sources, or documenting endangered languages -- or if you're simply curious to have a programmer's perspective on how human language works -- you'll find Natural Language Processing with Python both fascinating and immensely useful.