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Legal Cases, New Religious Movements, and Minority Faiths

Author: James T. Richardson

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2016-04-22

Total Pages: 375

ISBN-13: 1317106385

New religious movements (NRMs) and other minority faiths have regularly been the focus of legal cases around the world in recent decades. This is the first book to focus on important aspects of the relationship of smaller faiths to the societies in which they function by using specific legal cases to examine social control efforts. The legal cases involve group leaders, a groups’ practices or alleged abuses against members and children in the group, legal actions brought by former members or third parties, attacks against such groups by outsiders including even governments, and libel and slander actions brought by religious groups as they seek to defend themselves. These cases are sometimes milestones in the relation between state authorities and religious groups. Exploring cases in different parts of the world, and assessing the events causing such cases and their consequences, this book offers a practical insight for understanding the relations of NRMs and other minority religions and the law from the perspective of legal cases. Chapters focus on legal, political, and social implications. Including contributions from scholars, legal practitioners, actual or former members, and authorities involved in such cases from various jurisdictions, this book presents an objective approach to understanding why so many legal actions have involved NRMs and other minority faiths in recent years in western societies, and the consequences of those actions for the society and the religious group as well.

Reactions to the Law by Minority Religions

Author: Eileen Barker

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-12-30

Total Pages: 206

ISBN-13: 1000333361

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Much has been written about the law as it affects new and minority religions, but relatively little has been written about how such religions react to the law. This book presents a wide variety of responses by minority religions to the legal environments within which they find themselves. An international panel of experts offer examples from North America, Europe and Asia demonstrating how religions with relatively little status may resort to violence or passive acceptance of the law; how they may change their beliefs or practices in order to be in compliance with the law; or how they may resort to the law itself in order to change their legal standing, sometimes by forging alliances with those with more power or authority to achieve their goals. The volume concludes by applying theoretical insights from sociological studies of law, religion and social movements to the variety of responses. The first systematic collection focussing on how minority religions respond to efforts at social control by various governmental agents, this book provides a vital reference for scholars of religion and the law, new religious movements, minority religions and the sociology of religion.

New Religious Movements and Religious Liberty in America

Author: Derek Davis

Publisher: J.M. Dawson Institute of Church-State Studies Baylo Ity

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 232

ISBN-13:

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It has been said that the measure of a healthy and civilized society is how well it treats its elderly and indigent. Perhaps it should be said also that the measure of the health of religious liberty in a society is the degree to which minority, nontraditional faiths are protected. This book is a collection of essays on the subject of religious liberty and new religious movements (NRMs). NRMs are often called "cults" by popular media commentators and the public at large, but scholars eschew that term because it is so pejorative that it skews the argument from the very beginning. By contrast, the term "new religious movements" attempts to place NRMs squarely in the mix with older, more traditional forms of religion. This is due in part to the fact that in America there should be no correlation between the level of social approval a group has achieved and the degree of religious liberty it enjoys. As the Supreme Court itself averred famously in the 1872 case Watson v. Jones, "The Law knows no heresy and is committed to the support of no dogma, the establishment of no sect." Each author represented in this volume believes that NRMs should enjoy the same liberties as more mainstream religions. If the book has a bias, it is a bias in favor of religious liberty. The authors believe that if the First Amendment is applied to protect the newest, nontraditional, seemingly unusual religions (by the standards of the majority of the population), then nearly everyone is safe as far as religious liberty is concerned. -- "The Cult Awareness Network and the Anticult Movement: Implications for NRMs in America" by Anson Shupe, Susan E. Darnell, and Kendrick Moxon -- "Scientology: Separating Truthfrom Fiction" by Heber C. Jentzsch -- "Witchcraft and Satanism" by Stuart A. Wright -- "Women in Controversial New Religions: Slaves, Priestesses, or Pioneers" by Susan Palmer -- "New Religious Movements and Conflicts with Law Enforcement Agencies" by Catherine Wessinger

State Responses to Minority Religions

Author: David M. Kirkham

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-05-15

Total Pages: 275

ISBN-13: 135189806X

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The response of states to demands for free exercise of religion or belief varies greatly across the world. In some places, religions come as close as imaginable to autonomous existences with little interference from government. In other cases religion finds itself grinding out a meagre living, if at all, under the jealously watchful eye of the state. This book provides a legal and normative overview of the variety of responses to minority religions available to states. Exploring case studies ranging from Islamic regions such as Indonesia, Pakistan, and the wider Middle East, to Western Europe, Eastern Europe, China, Russia, Canada, and the Baltics, contributors include international scholars and experts in law, sociology, religious studies, and political science. This book offers invaluable perspectives on how minority religions are currently being received, reviewed, challenged, or ignored in different parts of the world.

Regulating Religion

Author: James T. Richardson

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 600

ISBN-13: 9780306478871

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Regulation of minority faiths varies greatly around the globe, with some countries allowing them considerable freedom to exist, recruit new members, raise money, and use public facilities. Other societies are more closed to the presence of such groups, either native or foreign. The pattern of reactions to minority religious movements is not easily explained by reference to usual terms. Knowledge of historical factors in the various countries, coupled with a use of selected theories from sociology of religion and sociology of law, can assist understanding of the situation in various countries. Explicating these complex relationships is the challenge of this volume. Regulating Religion: Case Studies from Around the Globe presents, through the inclusion of contributions by international scholars, a global examination of how a number of contemporary societies are regulating religious groups. It focuses on legal efforts to exert social control over such groups, especially through court cases, but also with selected major legislative attempts to regulate them. As such, this analysis falls within the broad area of the sociology of social control and more specifically, legal social control, a topic of great interest when studying how contemporary societies attempt to maintain social order. The factual details about social and legal developments in societies where religion has been defined as problematic include Western and Eastern Europe, Asia, Oceania, and the Americ

Law and Religion

Author: W. Cole Durham Jr.

Publisher: Aspen Publishing

Published: 2019-02-01

Total Pages: 1015

ISBN-13: 1543807038

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Offering extensive international and comparative law materials, as well as discussion of key United States First Amendment cases, international experts Durham and Scharffs bring vision and scope to the study of Law and Religion. The text and its continually updated online Supplement support courses on Law and Religion, Church and State, International Human Rights, Comparative Constitutional Law, and First Amendment. New to the Second Edition: ¿ National: Recent U.S. court cases and legislative moves dealing with religion in conflict with anti- discrimination norms, including immigration; same-sex marriage; and conscientious objection by religious organizations, government officials, pharmacies, businesses (including “wedding vendors”) to providing products, services, and insurance benefits in violation of religious beliefs ¿ International: Landmark religion cases in Canada, Europe, and Asia involving such issues as women’s rights, law school accreditation, display of religious symbols and wearing of face coverings in public (including schools); persecution of religious minorities, including prosecution for blasphemy; discussion of new levels of and responses to religious extremism ¿ Comparative: Discussions across multiple jurisdictions of such issues as education, tax, government regulation of religion, and women’s issues, such as genital cutting (worldwide, including U.S.) and divorce (“triple talaq” in India, Shari’a arbitration in Canada, and Shari’a councils in the U.K.) Professors and students will benefit from: ¿ Traditional law and religion course coverage of U.S. materials, including the major Free Exercise and Establishment Clause cases ¿ Comparative law cases and materials reflecting more than fifty countries and regions, and which include corporal punishment; compelled patriotic observances; state funding of religions; autonomy of religious organizations to choose personnel and provide services; conscientious objection in the military and in personal, employment, and educational settings; parameters of speech regulation, including hate speech and speech that offends religious sensibilities; anti- conversion laws; the rights of women in tension with religious claims of exclusion and divorce practices; and much more ¿ International law materials, including: o Key international and regional human rights instruments; 87 cases from the European Court of Human Rights; and key decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the United Nations Human Rights Committee o Cases covering issues such as the right to register religious associations; headscarves and face coverings; religious slaughter for kosher and halal foods; exemptions from church taxes; conscientious objection; proselytizing; religious oaths; church autonomy; religious education; and conflicts arising between religious freedom and other human rights (e.g., women's rights, rights of indigenous peoples, sexual minorities, and children's rights) o Responses from inside and outside the Muslim world to the rise of violent Islamist extremism ¿ Islamic, Christian, Jewish, Hindu, Buddhist, and other perspectives on freedom of religion, touching on defamation of religion; the new constitution of Iraq; religious political parties in Turkey; the definition of being Jewish for rights of citizenship in Israel; the right of Muslim and Hindu women to enter sacred space in India; death sentences and extra-judicial lynching for perceived violation of blasphemy laws in Pakistan; and reactions of governments, including the government of Russia, to perceived religious extremism

Minority Religions in Europe and the Middle East

Author: George D. Chryssides

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-08-06

Total Pages: 254

ISBN-13: 1317095677

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Minority religions, not only New Religious Movements, are explored in this innovative book including the predicament of ancient religions such as Zoroastrianism, ‘old new’ religions such as Baha’i, and traditional religions that are minorities elsewhere. The book is divided into two parts: the gathering of data on religious minorities ("mapping"), and the ways in which governments and interest groups respond to them ("monitoring"). The international group examine which new religions exist in particular countries, what their uptake is, and how allegiance can be ascertained. They explore a range of issues faced by minority religions, encompassing official state recognition and registration, unequal treatment in comparison with a dominant religion, how changes in government can affect how they fare, the extent to which members are free to practise their faith, how they sometimes seek to influence politics, and how they can be affected by harassment and persecution. Bringing together debates concerning the social and political issues facing new religions in Europe and the Middle East, this collection extends its focus to Middle Eastern minority faiths, enabling exposition of spiritual movements such as the Gülen Movement, Paganism in Israel, and the Zoroastrians in Tehran.

Religious Pluralism

Author: Giuseppe Giordan

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-07-08

Total Pages: 192

ISBN-13: 3319066234

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This volume illustrates both theoretically and empirically the differences between religious diversity and religious pluralism. It highlights how the factual situation of cultural and religious diversity may lead to individual, social and political choices of organized and recognized pluralism. In the process, both individual and collective identities are redefined, incessantly moving along the continuum that ranges from exclusion to inclusion. The book starts by first detailing general issues related to religious pluralism. It makes the case for keeping the empirical, the normative, the regulatory and the interactive dimensions of religious pluralism analytically distinct while recognizing that, in practice, they often overlap. It also underlines the importance of seeking connections between religious pluralism and other pluralisms. Next, the book explores how religious diversity can operate to contribute to legal pluralism and examines the different types of church-state relations: eradication, monopoly, oligopoly and pluralism. The second half of the book features case studies that provide a more specific look at the general issues, from ways to map and assess the religious diversity of a whole country to a comparison between Belgian-French views of religious and philosophical diversity, from religious pluralism in Italy to the shifting approach to ethnic and religious diversity in America, and from a sociological and historical perspective of religious plurality in Japan to an exploration of Brazilian religions, old and new. The transition from religious diversity to religious pluralism is one of the most important challenges that will reshape the role of religion in contemporary society. This book provides readers with insights that will help them better understand and interpret this unprecedented transition.

The Odyssey of New Religious Movements

Author: John T. Biermans

Publisher: Lewiston, N.Y. ; Queenston, Ont. : E. Mellen Press

Published: 1986

Total Pages: 244

ISBN-13:

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Presenting the thesis that all new, conversion-oriented religious movements which call their members to a radical change of life normally receive persecution, this study includes reference to contemporary researchers in the sociology of religion as A. Shupe, E. Barker, and J. Richardson, in order to identify and contextualize the main lines of attack upon one such new religion - the Unification movement.