Turbulence in the Free Atmosphere

Turbulence in the Free Atmosphere PDF

Author: N. Vinnichenko

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-11

Total Pages: 318

ISBN-13: 1475701004

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Turbulence-the randomly disordered movement of volumes of air of widely varying size-is one of the characteristic features of atmospheric air flows; its investigation is essential for the solution of several theoretical and practical problems. Until recently, owing to experimental difficulties, research on turbu lence was confmed mainly to the lower half of the troposphere. Theoretical investigations have consequently been based on these data. The rapid development of high-altitude aviation and cases of aircraft encoun tering hazardous turbulence led to a sharp intensification of research on turbu lence in the atmosphere up to 10-12 km, and subsequently at greater altitudes. Such research was confined initially to the characterization of the frequency of occurrence of gusts of different speeds, their relation to altitude, geographical conditions, time of day and year, and so on. At the end of the fifties, when the required measuring equipment and experimental techniques had been developed, it became possible to investigate the complete statistical characteristics of turbu lence: the spectral densities of the velocity fluctuations of air flows, structure functions, etc. These data stimulated the further development of theory related to the specific conditions of the free atmosphere.

Mean Distributions of Ozone Density Over North America, 1963-1964

Mean Distributions of Ozone Density Over North America, 1963-1964 PDF

Author: Wayne S. Hering

Publisher:

Published: 1965

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13:

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An interim summary of the ozone climate over North America has been prepared from AFCRL ozonesonde network observations made during 1963 and 1964 (AD-435 873, -604 880, -623 018). Mean bimonthly distributions of ozone density computed for individual network stations depict the average ozone structure as a function of altitude and season for the first two years of network operation. Data are also presented on the standard deviation of ozone density and the mean seasonal distributions along a meridional cross section extending from the Canal Zone to Greenland. A brief statistical analysis indicates that approximately 35 to 50 percent of the variance in the total ozone amount at middle and high latitudes is given by the fluctuations in ozone density in the 11- to 13-km or 13- to 15-km layers. (Author).

A Verification of the Use of the Effective Vertically Integrated Standard Deviation of the Wind in Estimating Dispersion of Vertically Rising Balloons

A Verification of the Use of the Effective Vertically Integrated Standard Deviation of the Wind in Estimating Dispersion of Vertically Rising Balloons PDF

Author: George F. Nolan

Publisher:

Published: 1965

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13:

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Monthly dispersion patterns of vertically rising balloons for various probability levels are computed for the altitude of 90,000 ft by using the effective vertically integrated standard deviation of the wind. These are representative of conditions at the Holloman AFB - White Sands Missile Range complex. The use of this procedure to obtain a reliable measure of dispersion is verified by testing with individually computed ascent trajectories. The importance of considering interlevel correlation coefficients in estimating dispersion is emphasized by the results of this study. The resulting dispersion patterns afford a means of increasing balloon operational efficiency and effectiveness for the cited area by defining the best locations for target flight launchings, and by giving the probable dispersions for flights launched from a fixed site. The findings of this study can also be of assistance in planning balloon operations at other midlatitude locations. (Author).