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Japan in the International Financial System

Author: T. Iwami

Publisher: Springer

Published: 1995-10-27

Total Pages: 186

ISBN-13: 0230372635

Japan experienced a remarkable growth in international finance, through a series of liberalization measures in the 1980s. However, her position in the global financial system is still limited, as the reserve currency share of yen illustrates. Why does such a contrast exist? Historical comparison with Britain and the United States as well as extensive data provide a key to answer the question.

Japan

Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2017-07-31

Total Pages: 109

ISBN-13: 1484313437

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This paper assesses the stability of the financial system in Japan. Although the financial system has remained stable, the low profitability environment is creating new risks, and pressures are likely to persist. The search for yield among banks has led some to expand their overseas activities, and more generally to a growth in real estate lending and foreign securities investments. Efforts to increase risk-based lending to small-and medium-sized enterprises are welcome, but many banks still need to develop commensurate credit assessment capacities. Stress tests suggest that the banking sector remains broadly sound, although market risks are increasing, and there are some vulnerabilities among regional banks.

Tumultuous Times

Author: Masaaki Shirakawa

Publisher: Yale University Press

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 534

ISBN-13: 0300258976

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A rare insider's account of the inner workings of the Japanese economy, and the Bank of Japan's monetary policy, by a career central banker The Japanese economy, once the envy of the world for its dynamism and growth, lost its shine after a financial bubble burst in early 1990s and slumped further during the Global Financial Crisis in 2008. It suffered even more damage in 2011, when a severe earthquake set off the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. However, the Bank of Japan soldiered on to combat low inflation, low growth, and low interest rates, and in many ways it served as a laboratory for actions taken by central banks in other parts of the world. Masaaki Shirakawa, who led the bank as governor from 2008 to 2013, provides a rare insider's account of the workings of Japanese economic and monetary policy during this period and how it challenged mainstream economic thinking.

Financial Policy and Central Banking in Japan

Author: Thomas F. Cargill

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2001-01-03

Total Pages: 205

ISBN-13: 026226210X

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This book analyzes how the bank-dominated financial system—a key element of the oft-heralded "Japanese economic model"—broke down in the 1990s and spawned sweeping reforms. Japan's financial institutions and policy underwent remarkable change in the past decade. The country began the 1990s with a heavily regulated financial system managed by an unchallenged Ministry of Finance and ended the decade with a Big Bang financial market reform, a complete restructuring of its regulatory financial institutions, and an independent central bank. These reforms have taken place amid recession and rising unemployment, collapsing asset prices, a looming banking crisis, and the lowest interest rates in the industrial world. This book analyzes how the bank-dominated financial system—a key element of the oft-heralded "Japanese economic model"—broke down in the 1990s and spawned sweeping reforms. It documents the sources of the Japanese economic stagnation of the 1990s, the causes of the financial crisis, the slow and initially limited policy response to banking problems, and the reform program that followed. It also evaluates the new financial structure and reforms at the Bank of Japan in light of the challenges facing the Japanese economy. These challenges range from conducting monetary policy in a zero-interest rate environment characterized by a "liquidity trap" to managing consolidation in the Japanese banking sector against the backdrop of increasing international competition.

Japan

Author: International Monetary Fund

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2012-09-07

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13: 1475510446

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This Spillover Report analyses the potential channels of financial system spillovers in Japan that policymakers should keep in mind. The report also highlights some of the potential challenges faced by Japanese financial institutions in managing risks developed owing to overseas exposure. The Executive Board acclaims the importance of an institutional and regulatory framework in managing spillover channels. The report is a guideline as to how Japan developed to win its position in the world.

Japanese Resistance to American Financial Hegemony

Author: Fumihito Gotoh

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-10-01

Total Pages: 361

ISBN-13: 1000672816

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This book investigates why the convergence of Japan’s bank-centered financial system to an American-style capital market-based model has lost steam since the mid-2000s, despite financial deregulation during the 1980s and 1990s. Examining the ideational conflict within Japanese elites between the market liberalization and anti-free market camps, it scrutinizes the American and Japanese credit rating agencies operating in Tokyo and explores the differences between the two major industrial associations, Keidanren and Doyukai, which have played a key role as "ideational platforms" for Japanese corporate society. The book emphasizes the concept of "systemic support", whose broadened definition incorporates dominant elites’ support and protection of subordinates in exchange for the latter’s obedience and loyalty. It argues that Japanese society’s anti-liberal, anti-free market norms centered on systemic support are a form of counter-hegemony, and this has resisted American financial hegemony, promoting international capital mobility and capital markets, and prevented capitalist dominance from severing long-term social ties such as management-labor cooperation and corporate group alliances. Yet this resistance has generated growing problems for Japan. With a focus on social norms, bureaucracy, credit rating agencies, industrial associations and corporate governance, this book will provide useful insights for scholars and students of international political economy, sociology, cultural studies, and business studies.

The Japanese Yen as an International Currency

Author: Mr.George S. Tavlas

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 1991-01-01

Total Pages: 61

ISBN-13: 1451930992

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The role of the Japanese yen as an international currency is assessed. It is found that the determinants of international-currency use imply some increase for the yen’s use in international finance; however, the implications for the yen’s use in international trade are mixed. It is also shown that, despite Japan’s emergence as the world’s largest net creditor nation, Japan’s capital outflows have not significantly facilitated the yen’s internationalization. Data are presented showing that, although the yen’s use as an international currency has increased, it is still rather modest. Wider use of the yen as a regional currency in Asia has occurred, though a “yen-zone” does not appear to be emerging.

The Japanese Banking Crisis of the 1990's

Author: Mr.Akihiro Kanaya

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2000-01-01

Total Pages: 48

ISBN-13: 1451842406

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For a large part of the past decade, Japan has witnessed a steady deterioration in the health of its banking system. This paper examines what went wrong and why it has taken so long for the system to recover. While the paper traces the roots of the crisis to accelerated deregulation and deepening of capital markets without an appropriate adjustment in the regulatory framework, it identifies weak corporate governance and regulatory forbearance as the two factors behind what might have been an unnecessary prolongation of the distress of the financial system.

Unconventional Monetary Policy and Financial Stability

Author: Alexis Stenfors

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-07-15

Total Pages: 184

ISBN-13: 0429627971

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Since the financial crisis of 2008-09, central bankers around the world have been forced to abandon conventional monetary policy tools in favour of unconventional policies such as quantitative easing, forward guidance, lowering the interest rate paid on bank reserves into negative territory, and pushing up prices of government bonds. Having faced a crisis in its banking sector nearly a decade earlier, Japan was a pioneer in the use of many of these tools. Unconventional Monetary Policy and Financial Stability critically assesses the measures used by Japan and examines what they have meant for the theory and practice of economic policy. The book shows how in practice unconventional monetary policy has worked through its impact on the financial markets. The text aims to generate an understanding of why such measures were introduced and how the Japanese system has subsequently changed regarding aspects such as governance and corporate balance sheets. It provides a comprehensive study of developments in Japanese money markets with the intent to understand the impact of policy on the debt structures that appear to have caused Japan’s deflation. The topics covered range from central bank communication and policymaking to international financial markets and bank balance sheets. This text is of great interest to students and scholars of banking, international finance, financial markets, political economy, and the Japanese economy.

Japan

Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2024-05-13

Total Pages: 84

ISBN-13:

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Japan’s large and globally well-integrated financial system has remained resilient through a series of shocks, including the COVID-19 pandemic, aided by strong policy support and improved policy frameworks since the 2017 Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP). The financial system is, however, at a critical juncture amid an evolving macroeconomic environment. After years of deflationary concerns and ultralow interest rates, sustained inflationary pressures have emerged, leading the Bank of Japan to end its negative interest rate policy and yield curve control. Key risks to macrofinancial stability at present stem from the sizable security holdings of financial institutions under mark-to-market accounting, some banks’ notable foreign currency (FX) exposures, and signs of overheating in parts of the real estate markets. These challenges come atop several structural transformations stemming from climate change, rapid digitalization, and an aging population.