The Authority to Make War

The Authority to Make War PDF

Author: Alex Bolinger

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 170

ISBN-13:

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The United States Constitution allocates the authority to initiate all forms of warfare and lesser armed hostilities exclusively to Congress, while reserving to the President the duty to repel invasions and execute the war effort as Commander in Chief. Nonetheless, many scholars have concluded that the President has some discretion in initiating hostilities. Other scholars have suggested that the constitutional allocation of the authority to make war is indeterminate, or, in the words of Edward Corwin, "an invitation to struggle for the privilege of directing American foreign policy." This paper returns to the relevant constitutional provisions and contemporaneous explanations of the allocation of the authority to initiate hostilities. It then analyzes the various constitutional and policy arguments made on behalf of presidential warmaking, as well as arguments suggesting substantial ambiguity in the allocation of the war power, and finds that such arguments are unconvincing in light of constitutional mandates.

The Invitation to Struggle: Executive and Legislative Competition Over the U.S. Military Presence on the Korean Peninsula

The Invitation to Struggle: Executive and Legislative Competition Over the U.S. Military Presence on the Korean Peninsula PDF

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13:

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The author examines the history and the ongoing debate between the legislative and executive branches of the U.S. Government regarding policy in Korea, particularly the presence of U.S. troops. Most of the current congressional criticism is focused on the effectiveness of the administration's counterproliferation policy with respect to North Korea. Concerns over the North Korean nuclear threat has become an important issue. Dr. Berry concludes that, until the nuclear issue is resolved, U.S. forces will likely remain in South Korea because vital national security interests are involved.

An Invitation to Struggle - The Bosnia Deployment

An Invitation to Struggle - The Bosnia Deployment PDF

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 16

ISBN-13:

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Why did President Clinton override Congressional opinion and send troops to Bosnia to support the Dayton Accords? How did he manage to obtain finding from the Congress for an operation which the majority did not support. We would prefer to believe that our senior leaders took a mature, problem-solving approach and, through rational debate, patriotic support, and humanitarian concern arrived at a consensus to support the deployment because it was in the best interest of the nation. Such was not the case. The decision to deploy troops to Bosnia and the subsequent funding battle was a complex affair, involving bureaucratic politics at every turn. Morton Halperin and Graham Allison have provided a framework that enables us to examine the Bosnia deployment in terms of the interaction between two branches of government. Policy games as well as decision games, permeated the process. Although the Department of Defense and the American public were involved, they had limited roles in this struggle. The two key players were the executive branch, represented by the President, and the legislative branch, represented by several members of Congress, the most prominent being Senator Bob Dole (R- KS). This paper will examine the historical context, conduct an analysis of the players and their positions (for/against sending troops to Bosnia), and provide a brief analysis of the high-level negotiations (i e, action games) that culminated in an agreement to fund the initial one-year Bosnia deployment.

Congress and the Foreign Policy Process

Congress and the Foreign Policy Process PDF

Author: Cecil V. Crabb, Jr.

Publisher: LSU Press

Published: 2000-02-01

Total Pages: 268

ISBN-13: 9780807125106

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In this highly original and thoroughly informed study, Cecil V. Crabb, Jr., Glenn Antizzo, and Leila S. Sarieddine identify and examine recurring modes or patterns of legislative behavior over the span of America's diplomatic experience. Although congressional involvement in foreign policy making has received much scholarly attention, this work is groundbreaking in that it focuses on those patterns of congressional conduct that have repeated themselves over time and, on the basis of experience, will probably continue to occur. Thus it creates a large, predictable framework of legislative activity concerning America's problems abroad to which students of U.S. foreign policy can relate Congress's actions in any era. The authors identify four models of legislative conduct -- congressional assertiveness and activism in foreign affairs, congressional acquiescence in diplomatic leadership by the president, a bipartisan approach, and a division-of-labor model in which both the president and Congress play significant but essentially different roles. In examining each of these modes, the authors explore the circumstances and factors that gave rise to each pattern and evaluate its positive and negative results for the overall foreign policy of the United States. Brimming with lively language and invaluable observations, Congress and the Foreign Policy Process offers a thought- provoking means to understanding a complex and important area in the study of American government.

Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair

Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair PDF

Author: Lee H. Hamilton

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 1995-11

Total Pages: 707

ISBN-13: 0788126024

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Contents: The Report: executive summary; Central America; the arms sales to Iran; exposure and concealment; the enterprise; conclusions and recommendations. Also contains the Minority report: the foreign affairs powers of the Constitution and the Iran-Contra Affair; Nicaragua; Iran; disclosure and investigations; putting Congress' house in order; and recommendations. Extensive appendices contain additional views of several Representatives and Senators.

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