Introduction to Geometry of Manifolds with Symmetry

Introduction to Geometry of Manifolds with Symmetry PDF

Author: V.V. Trofimov

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 339

ISBN-13: 9401719616

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One ofthe most important features of the development of physical and mathematical sciences in the beginning of the 20th century was the demolition of prevailing views of the three-dimensional Euclidean space as the only possible mathematical description of real physical space. Apriorization of geometrical notions and identification of physical 3 space with its mathematical modellR were characteristic for these views. The discovery of non-Euclidean geometries led mathematicians to the understanding that Euclidean geometry is nothing more than one of many logically admissible geometrical systems. Relativity theory amended our understanding of the problem of space by amalgamating space and time into an integral four-dimensional manifold. One of the most important problems, lying at the crossroad of natural sciences and philosophy is the problem of the structure of the world as a whole. There are a lot of possibilities for the topology offour dimensional space-time, and at first sight a lot of possibilities arise in cosmology. In principle, not only can the global topology of the universe be complicated, but also smaller scale topological structures can be very nontrivial. One can imagine two "usual" spaces connected with a "throat", making the topology of the union complicated.

An Introduction to Manifolds

An Introduction to Manifolds PDF

Author: Loring W. Tu

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-10-05

Total Pages: 426

ISBN-13: 1441974008

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Manifolds, the higher-dimensional analogs of smooth curves and surfaces, are fundamental objects in modern mathematics. Combining aspects of algebra, topology, and analysis, manifolds have also been applied to classical mechanics, general relativity, and quantum field theory. In this streamlined introduction to the subject, the theory of manifolds is presented with the aim of helping the reader achieve a rapid mastery of the essential topics. By the end of the book the reader should be able to compute, at least for simple spaces, one of the most basic topological invariants of a manifold, its de Rham cohomology. Along the way, the reader acquires the knowledge and skills necessary for further study of geometry and topology. The requisite point-set topology is included in an appendix of twenty pages; other appendices review facts from real analysis and linear algebra. Hints and solutions are provided to many of the exercises and problems. This work may be used as the text for a one-semester graduate or advanced undergraduate course, as well as by students engaged in self-study. Requiring only minimal undergraduate prerequisites, 'Introduction to Manifolds' is also an excellent foundation for Springer's GTM 82, 'Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology'.

Geometry of Manifolds with Non-negative Sectional Curvature

Geometry of Manifolds with Non-negative Sectional Curvature PDF

Author: Owen Dearricott

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-07-22

Total Pages: 202

ISBN-13: 3319063731

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Providing an up-to-date overview of the geometry of manifolds with non-negative sectional curvature, this volume gives a detailed account of the most recent research in the area. The lectures cover a wide range of topics such as general isometric group actions, circle actions on positively curved four manifolds, cohomogeneity one actions on Alexandrov spaces, isometric torus actions on Riemannian manifolds of maximal symmetry rank, n-Sasakian manifolds, isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres, contact CR and CR submanifolds, Riemannian submersions and the Hopf conjecture with symmetry. Also included is an introduction to the theory of exterior differential systems.

The Geometry of Walker Manifolds

The Geometry of Walker Manifolds PDF

Author: Miguel Brozos-Vázquez

Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 178

ISBN-13: 1598298194

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Basic algebraic notions -- Introduction -- A historical perspective in the algebraic context -- Algebraic preliminaries -- Jordan normal form -- Indefinite geometry -- Algebraic curvature tensors -- Hermitian and para-Hermitian geometry -- The Jacobi and skew symmetric curvature operators -- Sectional, Ricci, scalar, and Weyl curvature -- Curvature decompositions -- Self-duality and anti-self-duality conditions -- Spectral geometry of the curvature operator -- Osserman and conformally Osserman models -- Osserman curvature models in signature (2, 2) -- Ivanov-Petrova curvature models -- Osserman Ivanov-Petrova curvature models -- Commuting curvature models -- Basic geometrical notions -- Introduction -- History -- Basic manifold theory -- The tangent bundle, lie bracket, and lie groups -- The cotangent bundle and symplectic geometry -- Connections, curvature, geodesics, and holonomy -- Pseudo-Riemannian geometry -- The Levi-Civita connection -- Associated natural operators -- Weyl scalar invariants -- Null distributions -- Pseudo-Riemannian holonomy -- Other geometric structures -- Pseudo-Hermitian and para-Hermitian structures -- Hyper-para-Hermitian structures -- Geometric realizations -- Homogeneous spaces, and curvature homogeneity -- Technical results in differential equations -- Walker structures -- Introduction -- Historical development -- Walker coordinates -- Examples of Walker manifolds -- Hypersurfaces with nilpotent shape operators -- Locally conformally flat metrics with nilpotent Ricci operator -- Degenerate pseudo-Riemannian homogeneous structures -- Para-Kaehler geometry -- Two-step nilpotent lie groups with degenerate center -- Conformally symmetric pseudo-Riemannian metrics -- Riemannian extensions -- The affine category -- Twisted Riemannian extensions defined by flat connections -- Modified Riemannian extensions defined by flat connections -- Nilpotent Walker manifolds -- Osserman Riemannian extensions -- Ivanov-Petrova Riemannian extensions -- Three-dimensional Lorentzian Walker manifolds -- Introduction -- History -- Three dimensional Walker geometry -- Adapted coordinates -- The Jordan normal form of the Ricci operator -- Christoffel symbols, curvature, and the Ricci tensor -- Locally symmetric Walker manifolds -- Einstein-like manifolds -- The spectral geometry of the curvature tensor -- Curvature commutativity properties -- Local geometry of Walker manifolds with -- Foliated Walker manifolds -- Contact Walker manifolds -- Strict Walker manifolds -- Three dimensional homogeneous Lorentzian manifolds -- Three dimensional lie groups and lie algebras -- Curvature homogeneous Lorentzian manifolds -- Diagonalizable Ricci operator -- Type II Ricci operator -- Four-dimensional Walker manifolds -- Introduction -- History -- Four-dimensional Walker manifolds -- Almost para-Hermitian geometry -- Isotropic almost para-Hermitian structures -- Characteristic classes -- Self-dual Walker manifolds -- The spectral geometry of the curvature tensor -- Introduction -- History -- Four-dimensional Osserman metrics -- Osserman metrics with diagonalizable Jacobi operator -- Osserman Walker type II metrics -- Osserman and Ivanov-Petrova metrics -- Riemannian extensions of affine surfaces -- Affine surfaces with skew symmetric Ricci tensor -- Affine surfaces with symmetric and degenerate Ricci tensor -- Riemannian extensions with commuting curvature operators -- Other examples with commuting curvature operators -- Hermitian geometry -- Introduction -- History -- Almost Hermitian geometry of Walker manifolds -- The proper almost Hermitian structure of a Walker manifold -- Proper almost hyper-para-Hermitian structures -- Hermitian Walker manifolds of dimension four -- Proper Hermitian Walker structures -- Locally conformally Kaehler structures -- Almost Kaehler Walker four-dimensional manifolds -- Special Walker manifolds -- Introduction -- History -- Curvature commuting conditions -- Curvature homogeneous strict Walker manifolds -- Bibliography.

Lectures on Symplectic Geometry

Lectures on Symplectic Geometry PDF

Author: Ana Cannas da Silva

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2004-10-27

Total Pages: 220

ISBN-13: 354045330X

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The goal of these notes is to provide a fast introduction to symplectic geometry for graduate students with some knowledge of differential geometry, de Rham theory and classical Lie groups. This text addresses symplectomorphisms, local forms, contact manifolds, compatible almost complex structures, Kaehler manifolds, hamiltonian mechanics, moment maps, symplectic reduction and symplectic toric manifolds. It contains guided problems, called homework, designed to complement the exposition or extend the reader's understanding. There are by now excellent references on symplectic geometry, a subset of which is in the bibliography of this book. However, the most efficient introduction to a subject is often a short elementary treatment, and these notes attempt to serve that purpose. This text provides a taste of areas of current research and will prepare the reader to explore recent papers and extensive books on symplectic geometry where the pace is much faster. For this reprint numerous corrections and clarifications have been made, and the layout has been improved.

Introduction to Differential Geometry

Introduction to Differential Geometry PDF

Author: Joel W. Robbin

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-01-12

Total Pages: 426

ISBN-13: 3662643405

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This textbook is suitable for a one semester lecture course on differential geometry for students of mathematics or STEM disciplines with a working knowledge of analysis, linear algebra, complex analysis, and point set topology. The book treats the subject both from an extrinsic and an intrinsic view point. The first chapters give a historical overview of the field and contain an introduction to basic concepts such as manifolds and smooth maps, vector fields and flows, and Lie groups, leading up to the theorem of Frobenius. Subsequent chapters deal with the Levi-Civita connection, geodesics, the Riemann curvature tensor, a proof of the Cartan-Ambrose-Hicks theorem, as well as applications to flat spaces, symmetric spaces, and constant curvature manifolds. Also included are sections about manifolds with nonpositive sectional curvature, the Ricci tensor, the scalar curvature, and the Weyl tensor. An additional chapter goes beyond the scope of a one semester lecture course and deals with subjects such as conjugate points and the Morse index, the injectivity radius, the group of isometries and the Myers-Steenrod theorem, and Donaldson's differential geometric approach to Lie algebra theory.

Geometric Mechanics and Symmetry

Geometric Mechanics and Symmetry PDF

Author: Darryl D. Holm

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2009-07-30

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 0191549878

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Classical mechanics, one of the oldest branches of science, has undergone a long evolution, developing hand in hand with many areas of mathematics, including calculus, differential geometry, and the theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras. The modern formulations of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics, in the coordinate-free language of differential geometry, are elegant and general. They provide a unifying framework for many seemingly disparate physical systems, such as n particle systems, rigid bodies, fluids and other continua, and electromagnetic and quantum systems. Geometric Mechanics and Symmetry is a friendly and fast-paced introduction to the geometric approach to classical mechanics, suitable for a one- or two- semester course for beginning graduate students or advanced undergraduates. It fills a gap between traditional classical mechanics texts and advanced modern mathematical treatments of the subject. After a summary of the necessary elements of calculus on smooth manifolds and basic Lie group theory, the main body of the text considers how symmetry reduction of Hamilton's principle allows one to derive and analyze the Euler-Poincaré equations for dynamics on Lie groups. Additional topics deal with rigid and pseudo-rigid bodies, the heavy top, shallow water waves, geophysical fluid dynamics and computational anatomy. The text ends with a discussion of the semidirect-product Euler-Poincaré reduction theorem for ideal fluid dynamics. A variety of examples and figures illustrate the material, while the many exercises, both solved and unsolved, make the book a valuable class text.

An Introduction to Riemannian Geometry

An Introduction to Riemannian Geometry PDF

Author: Leonor Godinho

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-07-26

Total Pages: 476

ISBN-13: 3319086669

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Unlike many other texts on differential geometry, this textbook also offers interesting applications to geometric mechanics and general relativity. The first part is a concise and self-contained introduction to the basics of manifolds, differential forms, metrics and curvature. The second part studies applications to mechanics and relativity including the proofs of the Hawking and Penrose singularity theorems. It can be independently used for one-semester courses in either of these subjects. The main ideas are illustrated and further developed by numerous examples and over 300 exercises. Detailed solutions are provided for many of these exercises, making An Introduction to Riemannian Geometry ideal for self-study.

Differential Geometry of Manifolds

Differential Geometry of Manifolds PDF

Author: Stephen Lovett

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2010-06-11

Total Pages: 430

ISBN-13: 1439865469

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From the coauthor of Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces, this companion book presents the extension of differential geometry from curves and surfaces to manifolds in general. It provides a broad introduction to the field of differentiable and Riemannian manifolds, tying together the classical and modern formulations. The three appendices