Intimate Partner Violence Against Women and Its Implications for Women's Health in Pakistan

Intimate Partner Violence Against Women and Its Implications for Women's Health in Pakistan PDF

Author: Rubeena Zakar

Publisher: disserta Verlag

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 385

ISBN-13: 3954250802

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Like other developing countries, in Pakistan, women are frequently victims of intimate partner violence. Studying violence in a conservative patriarchal set-up is a challenging task as the issue is denied and usually concealed under the cloak of "family privacy." Thus far, in Pakistan, intimate partner violence is not recognized as a public health and developmental issue. This study intends to fill this research gap and documents intimate partner violence as a public health issue by investigating its association with women's mental and reproductive health in Pakistan. This research is theoretically embedded in the "integrated ecological framework" introduced by Heise (1998) to explain and explicate the complexity of the phenomenon of intimate partner violence. In patriarchal societies, girls are usually socialized in such a way that they become submissive and dependent on men. In order to ensure women's docility and "obedience," women are subjected to control, discipline and, sometimes, violent punishment (Foucault 1977). The core assumption of this research is that violence or threat of violence damages women's physical, mental and reproductive health. Arguably, violence also constricts women's ability to develop essential capabilities to live an independent and dignified life (Nussbaum 2005). Data showed that the acts of violence rendered substantial damage to women's mental and reproductive health. It was found that sexual violence was significantly associated with non-use of contraceptives and unintended pregnancies which may lead to unsafe and high risk abortions. The qualitative data revealed that physicians and other stakeholders (e.g. religious leaders, community leaders) lacked competence, training and resources to provide comprehensive care to the victims. This study demonstrates that without protecting women from violence, Pakistan cannot achieve Millennium Development Goals especially reduction in infant and maternal mortality, gender equality, and wom

Preventing and Responding to Gender-based Violence in Middle and Low-income Countries

Preventing and Responding to Gender-based Violence in Middle and Low-income Countries PDF

Author: Sarah Bott

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 61

ISBN-13:

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Worldwide, patterns of violence against women differ markedly from violence against men. For example, women are more likely than men to be sexually assaulted or killed by someone they know. The United Nations has defined violence against women as "gender-based" violence, to acknowledge that such violence is rooted in gender inequality and is often tolerated and condoned by laws, institutions, and community norms. Violence against women is not only a profound violation of human rights, but also a costly impediment to a country's national development. While gender-based violence occurs in many forms throughout the life cycle, this review focuses on two of the most common types-physical intimate partner violence and sexual violence by any perpetrator. Unfortunately, the knowledge base about effective initiatives to prevent and respond to gender-based violence is relatively limited. Few approaches have been rigorously evaluated, even in high-income countries. And such evaluations involve numerous methodological challenges. Nonetheless, the authors review what is known about more and less effective-or at least promising-approaches to prevent and respond to gender-based violence. They present definitions, recent statistics, health consequences, costs, and risk factors of gender-based violence. The authors analyze good practice initiatives in the justice, health, and education sectors, as well as multisectoral approaches. For each of these sectors, they examine initiatives that have addressed laws and policies, institutional reforms, community mobilization, and individual behavior change strategies. Finally, the authors identify priorities for future research and action, including funding research on the health and socioeconomic costs of violence against women, encouraging science-based program evaluations, disseminating evaluation results across countries, promoting investment in effective prevention and treatment initiatives, and encouraging public-private partnerships.

Violence Against Women and Mental Health

Violence Against Women and Mental Health PDF

Author: Anita Riecher-Rössler

Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 194

ISBN-13: 3805599889

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Too prevalent to ignore : violence against women, its prevalence, and health consequences / García-Moreno, C., Stockl, H. -- Gender-based violence in the Middle-East : a review / Madi Skaff, J. -- Violence against women in Latin America / Gaviria A., S.L. -- Violence against women in south Asia / Niaz, U. -- Violence against women in Europe : magnitude and the mental health consequences described by different data sources / Helweg-Larsen, K. -- Intimate partner violence as a risk factor for mental health in South Africa / Jewkes, R. -- Intimate partner violence and mental health / Oram, S., Howard, L.M. -- Sexual assault and women's mental health / Martin, S.L., Parcesepe, A.M. -- Child sexual abuse of girls / MacMillan, H.L., Wathen, C.N. -- Sexual violence and armed conflict : a systematic review of psychosocial support interventions / Stavrou, V. -- Abuse and trafficking among female migrants and refugees / Kastrup, M. -- Abuse in doctor-patient relationships / Tschan, W. -- Workplace harassment based on sex : a risk factor for women's mental health / Cortina, L.M., Leskinen, E.A. -- Violence against women and suicidality : does violence cause suicidal behaviour? / Devries, K.M., Seguin, M. -- Violence against women suffering from severe psychiatric illness / Rondon, M.B. -- Violence against women and mental health : conclusions / García-Moreno, C., Riecher-Rössler, A.

Profiling Domestic Violence

Profiling Domestic Violence PDF

Author: Sunita Kishor

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 152

ISBN-13:

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"This study uses household and individual-level data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program to examine the prevalence and correlates of domestic violence and the health consequences of domestic violence for women and their children. Nationally representative data from nine countries - Cambodia (2000), Colombia (2000), the Dominican Republic (2002), Egypt (1995), Haiti (2000), India (1998-1999), Nicaragua (1998), Peru (2000), and Zambia (2001-2002) - are analyzed within a comparative framework to provide a multifaceted analysis of the phenomenon of domestic violence"--P. xv.

Mental Health and Illness of Women

Mental Health and Illness of Women PDF

Author: Prabha Chandra

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2020-02-28

Total Pages: 503

ISBN-13: 9789811023675

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This book discusses psychiatric disorders among women in a manner that is relevant to clinical practice and keep cultural and social realities in perspective. The book is important in the face of rapidly changing conditions globally (including better education and more opportunities for work for women); challenges such as migration, war and violence and emerging areas such as newer reproductive technologies, Women's mental health cannot be divorced from social and cultural realities and while the book emphasises these areas, it also gives due importance to the current advances in neurobiology and psychopharmacology of psychiatric disorders among women. Chapters in the book are written by multiple authors, many of the chapters use the life stage approach, and have been written by authors from different parts of the world to ensure cultural relevance and diverse viewpoints.

Violence against Women and Girls

Violence against Women and Girls PDF

Author: Jennifer L. Solotaroff

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2014-09-04

Total Pages: 335

ISBN-13: 146480172X

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This report documents the dynamics of violence against women in South Asia across the life cycle, from early childhood to old age. It explores the different types of violence that women may face throughout their lives, as well as the associated perpetrators (male and female), risk and protective factors for both victims and perpetrators, and interventions to address violence across all life cycle stages. The report also analyzes the societal factors that drive the primarily male — but also female — perpetrators to commit violence against women in the region. For each stage and type of violence, the report critically reviews existing research from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, supplemented by original analysis and select literature from outside the region. Policies and programs that address violence against women and girls are analyzed in order to highlight key actors and promising interventions. Finally, the report identifies critical gaps in research, program evaluations, and interventions in order to provide strategic recommendations for policy makers, civil society, and other stakeholders working to mitigate violence against women in South Asia.

Rapid Assessment

Rapid Assessment PDF

Author: WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 118

ISBN-13:

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WHO Pakistan commissioned a rapid assessment with the primary objective of assessing the capacity of the health sector in Pakistan to integrate the issues of gender-based violence. This rapid assessment was conducted under the WHO Gender and Health Programme as part of the One UN Gender Equality Interventions. A qualitative study involving a brief desk review and primary data collection, including interviews and focus group discussions with health service providers, was employed. The study reconfirms that the connection between gender and health is not only poorly understood but also that gender-based violence is not internalized as a public hearth issue by the majority of health service providers at different levels. The outcomes of this assessment will be of interest not only to policy-makers in the context of Pakistan but also to those in other countries developed and developing alike.

Preventing Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Against Women

Preventing Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Against Women PDF

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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"Intimate partner violence and sexual violence are significant global health problems and human rights issues. Under the rubric of violence against women the two overlapping issues have received increasing attention. Much of the response to these forms of violence has focussed either on advocacy, providing adequate health and legal services and ensuring safety of victims once violence is disclosed, or on screening for violence in the context of health services. When the word "prevention" is used, it is usually in reference to secondary and tertiary prevention - helping women get out of violent situations and preventing further violence. Little attention has been given to primary prevention - addressing the root causes with the goal of reducing the number of new cases. Recent hallmark publications have called for increased investment in primary prevention. As part of the Global Campaign for Violence Prevention, WHO is giving increased attention to the primary prevention of intimate partner violence and sexual violence. Preventing intimate partner and sexual violence against women: taking action and generating evidence is an important new tool for violence prevention researchers, practitioners and advocates provides a planning framework for developing policies and programmes for the prevention of intimate partner and sexual violence. This guide outlines the nature, magnitude, risks and consequences of intimate partner and sexual violence. It outlines strategies to prevent these forms of violence against women and describes how these can be tailored to the needs, capacities and resources of particular settings. It also emphasizes the importance of integrating scientific evaluation into all prevention activities in order to expand current knowledge of what works. The manual describes interventions of known effectiveness, those supported by emerging evidence, and those that could potentially be effective, but have yet to be sufficiently evaluated for their impact. For instance, school-based programmes to prevent violence occurring in "dating relationships" have been shown to be effective in randomized trials in the USA and Canada. Evidence is emerging for the effectiveness of empowerment approaches which use microfinance combined with gender-equality training or are based on communications and relationship skills training such as the Stepping Stones training package, which has been widely used in low- and middle-income countries. Strategies that aim to prevent intimate partner and sexual violence through reducing the harmful use of alcohol also show promise. A six-step framework for planning, implementing and evaluating such prevention programmes and policies is presented. This document is primarily aimed at policy-makers, programme planners and donors from public health and related sectors who seek to advance the prevention of intimate partner and sexual violence against women. In addition to the principal audience, other interested parties will include those working in other government sectors such as education, child welfare, social care, criminal justice and departments of women or gender equality; advocates from civil society organizations; local authorities; environmental and urban planners; and researchers."

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