Integration and Dis-Integration and the Natural Gas Market in post-Soviet Countries 1989-2001

Integration and Dis-Integration and the Natural Gas Market in post-Soviet Countries 1989-2001 PDF

Author: Sven Grählert

Publisher: diplom.de

Published: 2006-03-29

Total Pages: 77

ISBN-13: 3832494820

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Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: Integration and Dis-Integration or Dis-Integration and Integration or Dis-Integration and Re-Integration can be quite a word play. The Dis-Integration of the former Soviet Union (FSU) in the early 1990s marks a serious and unprecedented development in modern history. It was a break-up of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics into fifteen newly independent states. Hereby, twelve states formed the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), a structure that was to keep some order over the break-up. Three countries the Baltics announced their total independence and declared no will to be part of the CIS. A later Integration or Re-Integration within the CIS is being actively discussed and debated up to now. Several theories have evolved on the future of the region. Huntington s thesis predicts the Clash of Civilizations . He argues that the future battle over world politics will be over religious and cultural factors. Huntington predicts a split-up of the world along religious lines. In turn, Duncan rejects religion to be a factor in the current developments of the CIS. He limits Kuzio s idea of a division between the CIS into radicals and pragmatists among the two groups the Westernizers and Slavophiles . Duncan concludes that there is generally a shift towards pragmatism in the foreign policies of the member states of the FSU. Disillusionment with the West is widespread. Most important factors that make countries tend towards a Westernist or Eurasianist course are linked to ethnicity and conflict. The author views the political regime and economic reforms are less important. Other studies focus more on the relationship between Russia and the other CIS countries. Alexandrova s arguments support the trend towards pragmatism. She adds that Moscow gave up the concept of re-integration, which it was convinced of in the first years of transition. Russia s foreign policy from Yeltsin to Putin shifted from Multilateralism to Bilateralism. Russian capital, invested in the near-abroad, is seen as a strong instrument to influence other CIS states and force them to Moscow s security policy. Another -less recent- study on Integration and Disintegration from 1997 by authors of Brown University/U.S. and institutes from five newly independent states gives some outlook over the future ten years until 2006. Base for discussion were four rather extreme and abstract scenarios. Researchers and other experts from the region [...]

Limiting institutions?

Limiting institutions? PDF

Author: James Sperling

Publisher: Manchester University Press

Published: 2018-07-30

Total Pages: 305

ISBN-13: 152613747X

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This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. Eurasian security governance has received increasing attention since 1989. The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, the institution that best served the security interests of the West in its competition with the Soviet Union, is now relatively ill-equipped resolve the threats emanating from Eurasia to the Atlantic system of security governance. This book investigates the important role played by identity politics in the shaping of the Eurasian security environment. It investigates both the state in post-Soviet Eurasia as the primary site of institutionalisation and the state's concerted international action in the sphere of security. This investigation requires a major caveat: state-centric approaches to security impose analytical costs by obscuring substate and transnational actors and processes. The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon marked the maturation of what had been described as the 'new terrorism'. Jervis has argued that the western system of security governance produced a security community that was contingent upon five necessary and sufficient conditions. The United States has made an effort to integrate China, Russia into the Atlantic security system via the Partnership for Peace (PfP) programme and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. The Black Sea Economic Cooperation has become engaged in disseminating security concerns in fields such as environment, energy and economy. If the end of the Cold War left America triumphant, Russia's new geopolitical hand seemed a terrible demotion. Successfully rebalancing the West and building a collaborative system with Russia, China, Europe and America probably requires more wisdom and skill from the world's leaders.

Russian Imperialism Revisited

Russian Imperialism Revisited PDF

Author: Domitilla Sagramoso

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-03-05

Total Pages: 385

ISBN-13: 113518089X

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This book examines the nature of Russia’s relations with the former Soviet states (FSS), in particular with countries which formed the Commonwealth of Independent States, in order to assess whether there has been a resurgence of Russian imperialism since the collapse of the USSR. The book sets out to determine whether Russian leaders have attempted to restore a sphere of influence over the former Soviet republics or whether Russia’s policies reflect a genuine desire to establish normal state-to-state relations with the new states. It adopts a comprehensive approach, analysing Russia’s policies towards the FSS across a broad range of areas: energy, trade and investment; military assistance, security provision and peacekeeping; conflict management, political support, and alliance formation. While not denying the Kremlin’s assertive role in the FSS, this book challenges the assumption that Russia has always intended to restore a sphere of influence over its ‘Near Abroad’. Rather, it argues that Russia’s policies are much more complex, multi-faceted, and often more incoherent than is often assumed. In essence, Russia's actions generally reflect a combination of legitimate state interests, enduring Soviet legacies, and genuine concerns over events unfolding along Russia’s borders. This book also shows that, at times, Great-Power nostalgia and a real difficulty with discarding Russia’s imperial legacy shapes Russia’s behaviour towards the FSS. This book will be of great interest to students of Russian politics and foreign policy, east European politics, and International Relations in general.

Ukraine’s Nuclear Disarmament

Ukraine’s Nuclear Disarmament PDF

Author: Yuri Kostenko

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2023-08-22

Total Pages: 361

ISBN-13: 067429534X

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Based on original and previously unavailable documents, Yuri Kostenko’s account of the negotiations surrounding the Budapest Memorandum agreement between Ukraine, Russia, and the US reveals for the first time the internal debates of the Ukrainian government, as well as the pressure exerted upon it by its international partners.

The Middle East and North Africa 2004

The Middle East and North Africa 2004 PDF

Author:

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2003-10-30

Total Pages: 1422

ISBN-13: 9781857431841

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Now in its 50th edition, this title continues to provide the most up-to-date geo-political and economic information for this important world area. - Covers the Middle East and North Africa from Algeria to Yemen - Offers quick access to a wide range of data - Accurately and impartially records the latest political and economic developments - Provides comprehensive data on all major organizations in the region. General Survey - Introductory essays covering topics relating to the region as a whole including: Arab-Israeli Relations 1967-2003; The Jerusalem Issue; Documents on Palestine; The Removal of Saddam Hussain and the 'Deconstruction' of Iraq; Natural Gas in the Middle East and North Africa; Oil in the Middle East and North Africa and Islamic Banking and Finance. Country Surveys - Individual chapters on each country containing: articles on geography, recent history and economy; an economic and demographic survey using all the latest available statistics on population, agriculture, industry, finance, trade, transport, tourism, and education; directory sections with names, addresses and contact numbers covering the constitution, government, legislature, judiciary, political organizations, diplomatic representation, religious groups, the media, finance, trade and industry (including petroleum), and tourism. Regional Information - Includes all major international organizations active in the region, their aims, activities, publications and principal personnel - Research Institutes specializing in the region - Bibliographies of books and periodicals covering the Middle East and North Africa.

Eurasian Integration

Eurasian Integration PDF

Author: E. Vinokurov

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2012-12-15

Total Pages: 355

ISBN-13: 1137283351

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The Eurasian continent, which has for over a century lagged behind in global markets, is currently gaining economic and political momentum. This book investigates emerging economic linkages in the area, examining the factors shaping this integration, the benefits and risks involved, and the future of these states on the global stage.

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