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Author: Robert H. Jackson
Publisher: UNM Press
Published: 1996-08
Total Pages: 228
ISBN-13: 9780826317537
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →A readable and succinct account of how Indians fared under their Spanish Franciscan colonizers.
Author: James A. Sandos
Publisher: Yale University Press
Published: 2004-01-01
Total Pages: 272
ISBN-13: 0300129122
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This book is a compelling and balanced history of the California missions and their impact on the Indians they tried to convert. Focusing primarily on the religious conflict between the two groups, it sheds new light on the tensions, accomplishments, and limitations of the California mission experience. James A. Sandos, an eminent authority on the American West, traces the history of the Franciscan missions from the creation of the first one in 1769 until they were turned over to the public in 1836. Addressing such topics as the singular theology of the missions, the role of music in bonding Indians to Franciscan enterprises, the diseases caused by contact with the missions, and the Indian resistance to missionary activity, Sandos not only describes what happened in the California missions but offers a persuasive explanation for why it happened.
Author: Steven W. Hackel
Publisher: UNC Press Books
Published: 2017-01-15
Total Pages: 497
ISBN-13: 0807839019
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Recovering lost voices and exploring issues intimate and institutional, this sweeping examination of Spanish California illuminates Indian struggles against a confining colonial order and amidst harrowing depopulation. To capture the enormous challenges Indians confronted, Steven W. Hackel integrates textual and quantitative sources and weaves together analyses of disease and depopulation, marriage and sexuality, crime and punishment, and religious, economic, and political change. As colonization reduced their numbers and remade California, Indians congregated in missions, where they forged communities under Franciscan oversight. Yet missions proved disastrously unhealthful and coercive, as Franciscans sought control over Indians' beliefs and instituted unfamiliar systems of labor and punishment. Even so, remnants of Indian groups still survived when Mexican officials ended Franciscan rule in the 1830s. Many regained land and found strength in ancestral cultures that predated the Spaniards' arrival. At this study's heart are the dynamic interactions in and around Mission San Carlos Borromeo between Monterey region Indians (the Children of Coyote) and Spanish missionaries, soldiers, and settlers. Hackel places these local developments in the context of the California mission system and draws comparisons between California and other areas of the Spanish Borderlands and colonial America. Concentrating on the experiences of the Costanoan and Esselen peoples during the colonial period, Children of Coyote concludes with an epilogue that carries the story of their survival to the present day.
Author: Erick Langer
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
Published: 1995-01-01
Total Pages: 252
ISBN-13: 9780803229112
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The subject of missions-formal efforts at religious conversion of native peoples of the Americas by colonizing powers-is one that renders the modern student a bit uncomfortable. Where the mission enterprise was actuated by true belief it strikes the modern sensibility as fanaticism; where it sprang from territorial or economic motives it seems the rankest sort of hypocrisy. That both elements-greed and real faith-were usually present at the same time is bewildering. In this book seven scholars attempt to create a "new" mission history that deals honestly with the actions and philosophic motivations of the missionaries, both as individuals and organizations and as agents of secular powers, and with the experiences and reactions of the indigenous peoples, including their strategies of accommodation, co-optation, and resistance. The new mission historians examine cases from throughout the hemisphere-from the Andes to northern Mexico to California-in an effort to find patterns in the contact between the European missionaries and the various societies they encountered. Erick Langer is associate professor of history at Carnegie Mellon University. He is the author of Economic Change and Rural Resistance in Southern Bolivia, 1880-1930 and editor, with Zulema Bass Werner de Ruiz, of Historia de Tarija: Corpus Documental. Robert H. Jackson is the author of Indian Population Decline: The Missions of Northwestern New Spain, 1687-1840 and Regional Markets and the Agrarian Transformation in Bolivia Cochabamba, 1539-1960. He is an assistant professor in the Department of History and Geography at Texas Southern University.
Author: Kent G. Lightfoot
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Published: 2006-11-20
Total Pages: 357
ISBN-13: 0520249984
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Lightfoot examines the interactions between Native American communities in California & the earliest colonial settlements, those of Russian pioneers & Franciscan missionaries. He compares the history of the different ventures & their legacies that still help define the political status of native people.
Author: Paul Albert Lacson
Publisher:
Published: 2009
Total Pages: 199
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →My main argument in the dissertation is that ambiguity characterized the conquest of California. Challenging the dominant narrative that Franciscan missionaries possessed the wherewithal to convince thousands of coastal California Indians to forsake their native ways in order to become loyal Catholic subjects of the Spanish crown, my dissertation argues that Native Californians made creative use of Spanish colonization to suit their native purposes. In doing so, we find that unlike Franciscan missionaries, California Indians assumed and embraced ambiguity as a defining characteristic of their relationship to Catholicism and Spanish culture. This dissertation questions dichotomies that historians have taken for granted as almost natural: Christian Indians vs. non-Christian Indians, Hispanicized Indians vs. non-Hispanicized Indians, mission Indians vs. non-mission Indians, and neophytes vs. gentiles. Based on the documentation left behind by Franciscan missionaries and subsequent historians, one gets the impression that if you walked from a mission compound into a native community, the differences would be stark and easily observed: language, food, clothing, the built environment, spiritual rituals, daily subsistence practices, and even the most intimate sexual relationships would have been different. If we are to believe the Franciscan missionaries, the reason for such differences derived from the success of the Franciscans at converting Indians to the Catholic faith and introducing them to "civilization." My dissertation emphasizes the similarities between baptized Indians and non-baptized Indians. By examining native leadership patterns, cloth consumption, work practices, and the relationship between mission communities and Native Californians from interior regions, the dissertation de-emphasizes the role of Franciscan missionaries in shaping Indian-Spanish relations, and emphasizes the influence of California Indians, neophytes and non-Christian alike, in shaping the early history of Alta California.
Author: Jeffrey M. Burns
Publisher:
Published: 2018
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13: 9780883820704
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Founded in 1565, St. Augustine was the multicultural, and often embattled, outpost of the Spanish empire. St. Augustine's economic, political, and religious power was reflected in other towns and villages that stretched across the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans. Scholars frequently refer to this broad swath of territories as the "Spanish Borderlands." Of those who accompanied the Spanish to these lands, it was members of the Franciscan Order who, as missionaries, had the most direct contact and interaction with the diverse populations of American Indians. As the 450th anniversary of the founding of St. Augustine drew near, scholars from the Americas and Europe gathered on Mar 13-15, 2014, for the conference, "Franciscan Florida in Pan-Borderlands Perspective: Adaptation, Negotiation, and Resistance" at Flagler College in St. Augustine. The expressed intent of the gathering was, as David Hurst Thomas writes in the Introduction, to "address issues of acculturation, political and economic relations, religious conversions, and the nature of multiethnic relationships across the Spanish Borderlands." The result is a rich collection of essays from anthropologists, archaeologists, linguists, historians, and theologians. Diverse contributions of the Navajo, Hopi, and California tribal members in attendance was a reminder of the complexity of the thematic and an on-going challenge to continue research into new, and yet unexplored territories.
Author: Stephen G. Hyslop
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
Published: 2019-07-23
Total Pages: 449
ISBN-13: 0806166142
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →California’s early history was both colorful and turbulent. After Europeans first explored the region in the sixteenth century, it was conquered and colonized by successive waves of adventurers and settlers. In Contest for California, award-winning author Stephen G. Hyslop draws on a wide array of primary sources to weave an elegant narrative of this epic struggle for control of the territory that many saw as a beautiful, sprawling land of promise. In vivid detail, Hyslop traces the story of early California from its founding in 1769 by Spanish colonists to its annexation in 1848 by the United States. He describes the motivations and activities of colonizers and colonized alike. Using eyewitness accounts, he allows all participants—Native American, Spanish, Mexican, and Anglo-American—to have their say. Soldiers, settlers, missionaries, and merchants testify to the heroic and commonplace, the colorful and tragic, in California’s pre-American history. Even as he acknowledges the dark side of this story, Hyslop avoids a simplistic perspective. Moving beyond the polarities that have marked late-twentieth-century California historiography, he offers nuanced portraits of such controversial figures as Junípero Serra and treats the Californios and their distinctive Hispanic culture with a respect lacking in earlier histories. Attentive to tensions within the invading groups—priests and the military during the Spanish era, merchants and settlers during the American era—he also never loses sight of their impact on the original inhabitants of the region: California’s Native peoples. He also recounts the journeys of colonists from Russia, England, and other countries who influenced the development of California as it passed from the hands of Spaniards and Mexicans to Americans. Exhaustively researched yet concise, this book offers a much-needed alternative history of early California and its evolution from Spanish colony to American territory.
