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The Shadow Economy

Author: Friedrich Schneider

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2013-02-14

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 1107034841

This book presents new data to give an overview of shadow economies from OECD countries and propose solutions to prevent illicit work.

Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years?

Author: Leandro Medina

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2018-01-25

Total Pages: 114

ISBN-13: 1484339177

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We undertake an extended discussion of the latest developments about the existing and new estimation methods of the shadow economy. New results on the shadow economy for 158 countries all over the world are presented over 1991 to 2015. Strengths and weaknesses of these methods are assessed and a critical comparison and evaluation of the methods is carried out. The average size of the shadow economy of the 158 countries over 1991 to 2015 is 31.9 percent. The largest ones are Zimbabwe with 60.6 percent, and Bolivia with 62.3 percent of GDP. The lowest ones are Austria with 8.9 percent, and Switzerland with 7.2 percent. The new methods, especially the new macro method, Currency Demand Approach (CDA) and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) in a structured hybrid-model based estimation procedure, are promising approaches from an econometric standpoint, alongside some new micro estimates. These estimations come quite close to others used by statistical offices or based on surveys.

Illicit Trade and the Global Economy

Author: Cláudia Costa Storti

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 277

ISBN-13: 0262016559

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Economists explore the relationship between expanding international trade and the parallel growth in illicit trade, including illegal drugs, smuggling, and organized crime. As international trade has expanded dramatically in the postwar period--an expansion accelerated by the opening of China, Russia, India, and Eastern Europe--illicit international trade has grown in tandem with it. This volume uses the economist's toolkit to examine the economic, political, and social problems resulting from such illicit activities as illegal drug trade, smuggling, and organized crime. The contributors consider several aspects of the illegal drug market, including the sometimes puzzling relationships among purity, price, and risk; the effect of globalization on the heroin and cocaine markets, examined both through mathematical models and with empirical data from the U.K; the spread of khat, a psychoactive drug imported legally to the U.K. as a vegetable; and the economic effect of the "war on drugs" on producer and consumer countries. Other chapters examine the hidden financial flows of organized crime, patterns of smuggling in international trade, Iran's illicit trading activity, and the impact of mafia-like crime on foreign direct investment in Italy.

Corruption, Fraud, Organized Crime, and the Shadow Economy

Author: Maximilian Edelbacher

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2015-10-15

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13: 1482255324

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Fueled by corruption, fraud, and organized crime, the shadow economy also known as the informal, black market, illegal, or underground economy is currently on the rise worldwide. Corruption, Fraud, Organized Crime, and the Shadow Economy addresses shadow economies and the players involved by examining various aspects of criminal law and prosecution

Illicit

Author: Moises Naim

Publisher: Anchor

Published: 2006-10-10

Total Pages: 351

ISBN-13: 0307278565

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A groundbreaking investigation of how illicit commerce is changing the world by transforming economies, reshaping politics, and capturing governments.In this fascinating and comprehensive examination of the underside of globalization, Moises Naím illuminates the struggle between traffickers and the hamstrung bureaucracies trying to control them. From illegal migrants to drugs to weapons to laundered money to counterfeit goods, the black market produces enormous profits that are reinvested to create new businesses, enable terrorists, and even to take over governments. Naím reveals the inner workings of these amazingly efficient international organizations and shows why it is so hard — and so necessary to contain them. Riveting and deeply informed, Illicit will change how you see the world around you.

Illicit Trade

Author: OECD

Publisher: Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789264251830

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This report assesses the magnitude, flows and drivers of illicit trade and the illegal economy including: narcotics, human trafficking, wildlife, sports betting, counterfeit medicines, alcohol and tobacco. The negative socio-economic impacts that these markets have in consumer countries are as worrisome as the goverance gaps that are exploited in source countries. This report examines each illicit sector in terms of the geographic sources, destinations and key trade routes, the current trend of infiltration by organized crime networks, and good practices or future policy solutions with which to combat illicit trade within the various sectors.

Power Dynamics in African Forests

Author: Symphorien Ongolo

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2023-12-15

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 1003834981

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This book addresses historical perspectives and contemporary challenges of the politics of forestland governance and the related sustainability crisis in Africa. It focusses on the power dynamics between key actors involved in the governance of forest-related resources either for their exploitation or with regards to biodiversity conservation policies promoted at international arenas. The book provides conceptual and empirical contributions on what happens when global sustainability agendas and the related policy instruments meet the realities of domestic politics in Africa. It reveals that several actors in forest-rich countries, especially those with limited sovereignty, have often employed complex informal strategies as the ‘weapon of the weak’ to resist the domination of the most powerful actors of global environmental politics.

Re-engineering Affordable Care Policy in China

Author: Peter Nan-shong Lee

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-12-17

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 1351009028

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Presenting a comprehensive examination of China’s medical care system, this book tackles issues of policymaking, organization, management and financing in the context of the provision of affordable care in China. Making use of extensive field investigations, interviews and a thorough analysis of documents, this book examines the re-structuring of the medical care system, spanning more than three and half decades from 1979 to the present day. Assessing the difficulties of regulatory control in the health care sector, it also explores theoretical alternatives, including post-Weberian constructs of uncertainty and control, as well as franchise and asymmetric information in market transactions. Ultimately, it argues that patient medical care has become less and less affordable amid shrinking government subsidies, breakdowns of public insurances and increases in user charges, especially between the mid-1990s and mid-2000s. Whilst the government took decades to re-organize the public hospital system and rebuild public insurances, it faced a dilemma of enforcing both low-cost medical care and maintaining revenue flow to public hospitals through marketization. Re-engineering Affordable Care Policy in China provides extensive discussion of the policymaking process as well as detailed analysis of policy contents. As such, it will be invaluable to students and scholars of Chinese social policy and public administration, as well as Chinese Studies more generally.