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Identity Development during STEM Integration for Underrepresented Minority Students

Author: Sophie L. Kuchynka

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2020-11-26

Total Pages: 98

ISBN-13: 1108897940

Over the past three decades, research efforts and interventions have been implemented across the United States to increase the persistence of underrepresented minority (URM) students in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). This Element systematically compares STEM interventions that offer resources and opportunities related to mentorship, research, and more. We organize the findings of this literature into a multi-phase framework of STEM integration and identity development. We propose four distinct phases of STEM integration: Phase 1: High School; Phase 2: Summer before College; Phase 3: First Year of College; and Phase 4: Second Year of College through Graduation. We combine tenets of theories about social identity, stereotypes and bias, and the five-factor operationalization of identity formation to describe each phase of STEM integration. Findings indicate the importance of exploration through exposure to STEM material, mentorship, and diverse STEM communities. We generalize lessons from STEM interventions to URM students across institutions.

Feeling Different

Author: Rachel Hazard Wade

Publisher:

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 155

ISBN-13:

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Community colleges play a key role in serving the higher education needs of students in this country. This includes more than 40% of all Bachelor Degree graduates in science and engineering and approximately 50% of all students from traditionally underrepresented minority groups. While it is well known who attends community colleges and who majors in STEM, the role community colleges play in the decisions of underrepresented minorities to pursue Bachelor's degree in STEM fields is not known. The goal of this research was to better understand the role the community college environment plays in URM students' academic and social integration on campus and their college and STEM major persistence intentions. In this study, a STEM identity model was used to make sense of the STEM experiences of eight underrepresented students in community college. The findings of this study include: (1) guidance and support was a significant input to academic and social integration for all participants and influenced identity integration for some participants; (2) altruism emerged as an important part of STEM identity and persistence intentions of participants; (3) inclusion and exclusion were important to STEM identity development and overall identity integration, academic and social integration, and ultimately informed participants' persistence decisions.

The Science of Effective Mentorship in STEMM

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2020-01-24

Total Pages: 307

ISBN-13: 0309497299

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Mentorship is a catalyst capable of unleashing one's potential for discovery, curiosity, and participation in STEMM and subsequently improving the training environment in which that STEMM potential is fostered. Mentoring relationships provide developmental spaces in which students' STEMM skills are honed and pathways into STEMM fields can be discovered. Because mentorship can be so influential in shaping the future STEMM workforce, its occurrence should not be left to chance or idiosyncratic implementation. There is a gap between what we know about effective mentoring and how it is practiced in higher education. The Science of Effective Mentorship in STEMM studies mentoring programs and practices at the undergraduate and graduate levels. It explores the importance of mentorship, the science of mentoring relationships, mentorship of underrepresented students in STEMM, mentorship structures and behaviors, and institutional cultures that support mentorship. This report and its complementary interactive guide present insights on effective programs and practices that can be adopted and adapted by institutions, departments, and individual faculty members.

New Developments in Pathways Towards Diversity and Inclusion in STEM: A United States Perspective

Author: Alexander Gates

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2022-10-17

Total Pages: 273

ISBN-13: 2832505813

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The Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation (LSAMP) program of the US National Science Foundation has been a primary force for raising the success and graduation of minority students in STEM for 30 years. Increasing the number of underrepresented students earning baccalaureate degrees, and entering graduate school in STEM is the goal of LSAMP. This goal has been nearly achieved through the formation of alliances of degree granting institutions of higher learning, varying from community colleges to major research institutions. Currently there are 59 alliances including more than 400 institutions. LSAMP is responsible for more than 650,000 bachelor’s degrees earned by minority students in STEM. The papers for this Research Topic should focus on the use of LSAMP activities, programs and collaborations to develop pathways to success and graduation of STEM majors from minority groups that underrepresented in STEM. These pathways can include any segment from pre-college through graduate school. Areas of special interest include mentoring, research experiences, transitions between levels and novel approaches for retention. The studies should be research based and rigorous. They can be pure research studies, curriculum and design or literature reviews but they must be at a cutting edge level and be subject to detailed review and assessment.

The Psychology of Effective Activism

Author: Robyn Gulliver

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2021-08-12

Total Pages: 160

ISBN-13: 1108986323

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This Element reviews the social psychology of effective collective action, highlighting the importance of considering activists' goals, timeframes, and psychological perspectives in seeking to conceptualise this construct. A novel framework 'ABIASCA' maps effectiveness in relation to activists' goals for mobilisation and change (Awareness raising; Building sympathy; turning sympathy into Intentions; turning intentions into Actions; Sustaining groups over time; Coalition-building; and Avoiding opponents' counter-mobilisation). We also review the DIME model of Disidentification, Innovation, Moralization and Energization, which examines the effects of failure in creating trajectories of activists' disidentification from collective action; innovation (including to radicalisation or deradicalisation); and increased moral conviction and energy. The social psychological drivers of effective collective action for four audiences are examined in detail, in four sections: for the self and supporters, bystanders, opponents, and for third parties. We conclude by highlighting an agenda for future research, and drawing out key messages for scholars.

Two Or More

Author: Analia F. Albuja

Publisher:

Published: 2022-12-07

Total Pages: 100

ISBN-13: 1009202707

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Most research has investigated Multiracial and Multicultural populations as separate topics, despite demographic and experiential overlap between these. This Element bridges that divide by reviewing and comparing Multiracial and Multicultural research to date-their origins, theoretical and methodological development, and key findings in socialization, identity negotiation and discrimination-to identify points of synthesis and differentiation to guide future research. It highlights challenges researchers face when studying these populations because such research topics necessitate that one moves beyond previous frameworks and theories to grapple with identity as flexible, malleable, and influenced both by internal factors and external perceptions. The areas of overlap and difference are meaningful and illustrate the social constructive nature of race and culture, which is always in flux and being re-defined. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

Climate Change and Human Behavior

Author: Andreas Miles-Novelo

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2022-03-03

Total Pages: 105

ISBN-13: 110895670X

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Much of the current rhetoric surrounding climate change focuses on the physical changes to the environment and the resulting material damage to infrastructure and resources. Although there has been some dialogue about secondary effects (namely mass migration), little effort has been given to understanding how rapid climate change is affecting people on group and individual levels. In this Element, we examine the psychological impacts of climate change, especially focused on how it will lead to increases in aggressive behaviors and violent conflict, and how it will influence other aspects of human behavior. We also look at previously established psychological effects and use them to help explain changes in human behavior resulting from rapid climate change, as well as to propose actions that can be taken to reduce climate change itself and mitigate harmful effects on humans.

Entrapment, Escape, and Elevation from Relationship Violence

Author: Wind Goodfriend

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2022-06-23

Total Pages: 101

ISBN-13: 1108989101

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How does experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) affect one's identity, in terms of self-concept and self-esteem? In this Element, the authors propose a novel framework called the E3 Model in which relevant theory and research studies can be organized into three phases: Entrapment, Escape, and Elevation. Entrapment focuses on how people enter and commit to a relationship that later becomes abusive and how experiencing IPV affects the self. Escape explores how victims become survivors as they slowly build the resources needed to leave safely, including galvanizing self-esteem. Finally, Elevation centers on how survivors psychologically rebuild from their experience and become stronger, happier, more hopeful selves. This Element concludes with a discussion of applications of the E3 Model, such as public and legal policy regarding how to best help and support survivors.

Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2011-07-29

Total Pages: 229

ISBN-13: 0309159687

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In order for the United States to maintain the global leadership and competitiveness in science and technology that are critical to achieving national goals, we must invest in research, encourage innovation, and grow a strong and talented science and technology workforce. Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation explores the role of diversity in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) workforce and its value in keeping America innovative and competitive. According to the book, the U.S. labor market is projected to grow faster in science and engineering than in any other sector in the coming years, making minority participation in STEM education at all levels a national priority. Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation analyzes the rate of change and the challenges the nation currently faces in developing a strong and diverse workforce. Although minorities are the fastest growing segment of the population, they are underrepresented in the fields of science and engineering. Historically, there has been a strong connection between increasing educational attainment in the United States and the growth in and global leadership of the economy. Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation suggests that the federal government, industry, and post-secondary institutions work collaboratively with K-12 schools and school systems to increase minority access to and demand for post-secondary STEM education and technical training. The book also identifies best practices and offers a comprehensive road map for increasing involvement of underrepresented minorities and improving the quality of their education. It offers recommendations that focus on academic and social support, institutional roles, teacher preparation, affordability and program development.

The Science Identity Development of Female STEM Students

Author: Tarnisha S. Green

Publisher:

Published: 2023

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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This mixed methods study aimed to explore the influences that female STEM College students encountered to reach a decision about their major and how these influences effected the development of STEM identity. A detailed description of their lived experiences enriched the quantitative data collected in the study; allowing the participants to control the narrative informed by quantitative data makes this study unique. The study aimed to answer three questions: What factors influence science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) identity development in female undergraduate students majoring in STEM? How do identified influences shape participants' STEM identity? How does STEM identity influence female undergraduate students' STEM persistence? To answer those questions a modified version of the Persistence Research in Science and Engineering survey was used followed by semi structured interviews. Social cognitive career and feminist theories framed the study. Social cognitive theory was used to understand the influence that the "cognitive person" variables such as self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and personal goals have on career development. Feminist theory was used because of its focus on equity and justice for women and oppressed others. 38 female STEM undergraduate students were surveyed. Eight of those surveyed were randomly chosen to conduct semi-structured interviews. The results showed that although women are still underrepresented in STEM, great strides have been made to introduce STEM in K-12 settings. Survey participants and interviewees also self-reported elevated levels of STEM self-efficacy, meaning they saw themselves as STEM people and had high, strong beliefs in their abilities to accomplish STEM related tasks. Lastly, participants suggested that improvements could be made to retain more female students in STEM majors if better support systems were put in place at the university level and if more female faculty could be hired as role models to female STEM students. Recommendations on how STEM administrators, faculty, and staff could recruit and retain female STEM students were given. Also, suggestions for future research in the scholarship of female STEM recruitment and persistence were also provided.