How Attention Works

How Attention Works PDF

Author: Stefan Van Der Stigchel

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2019-03-12

Total Pages: 148

ISBN-13: 026235098X

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How we filter out what is irrelevant so we can focus on what we need to know. We are surrounded by a world rich with visual information, but we pay attention to very little of it, filtering out what is irrelevant so we can focus on what we think we need to know. Advertisers, web designers, and other “attention architects” try hard to get our attention, promoting products with videos on huge outdoor screens, adding flashing banners to websites, and developing computer programs with blinking icons that tempt us to click. Often they succeed in distracting us from what we are supposed to be doing. In How Attention Works, Stefan Van der Stigchel explains the process of attention and what the implications are for our everyday lives. The visual attention system is efficient, Van der Stigchel writes, because it doesn't waste energy processing every scrap of visual data it receives; it gathers only relevant information. We focus on one snippet of information and assume that everything else is stable and consistent with past experience; that's why most people miss even the most glaring continuity errors in films. If an object doesn't meet our expectations, chances are we won't see it. Van der Stigchel makes his case with examples from real life, explaining, among other things, the limitations of color perception (and why fire trucks shouldn't be red); the importance of location (security guards and radiologists, for example, have to know where to look); the attention-getting properties of faces and spiders; what we can learn from someone else's eye movements; why we see what we expect to see (magicians take advantage of this); and visual neglect and unattended information.

The Psychology of Attention

The Psychology of Attention PDF

Author: Harold Pashler

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 1999-07-26

Total Pages: 516

ISBN-13: 9780262661560

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In the past two decades, attention has been one of the most investigated areas of research in perception and cognition. However, the literature on the field contains a bewildering array of findings, and empirical progress has not been matched by consensus on major theoretical issues. The Psychology of Attention presents a systematic review of the main lines of research on attention; the topics range from perception of threshold stimuli to memory storage and decision making. The book develops empirical generalizations about the major issues and suggests possible underlying theoretical principles. Pashler argues that widely assumed notions of processing resources and automaticity are of limited value in understanding human information processing. He proposes a central bottleneck for decision making and memory retrieval, and describes evidence that distinguishes this limitation from perceptual limitations and limited-capacity short-term memory.

The Attention Economy and How Media Works

The Attention Economy and How Media Works PDF

Author: Karen Nelson-Field

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-01-04

Total Pages: 161

ISBN-13: 9811515409

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This book offers a considered voice on the advertising chaos that colours our rapidly changing media environment in a world of fake news, fast facts and seriously depleted attention stamina. Rather than simply herald disruption, Karen Nelson-Field starts an intelligent conversation on what it will take for businesses to win in an attention economy, the advertising myths we need to leave behind and the scientific evidence we can use to navigate a complex advertising and media ecosystem. This book makes sense of viewability standards, coverage and clutter; it talks about the real quality behind a qCPM and takes a deep dive into the relationship between attention and sales. It explains the stark reality of human attention processing in advertising. Readers will learn how to maximise a viewer’s divided attention by leveraging specific media attributes and using attention-grabbing creative triggers. Nelson-Field asks you to pay attention to a disrupted advertising future without panic, but rather with a keen eye on the things that brand owners can learn to control.

How Attention Works

How Attention Works PDF

Author: Stefan Van Der Stigchel

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2019-03-12

Total Pages: 148

ISBN-13: 0262039265

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How we filter out what is irrelevant so we can focus on what we need to know. We are surrounded by a world rich with visual information, but we pay attention to very little of it, filtering out what is irrelevant so we can focus on what we think we need to know. Advertisers, web designers, and other “attention architects” try hard to get our attention, promoting products with videos on huge outdoor screens, adding flashing banners to websites, and developing computer programs with blinking icons that tempt us to click. Often they succeed in distracting us from what we are supposed to be doing. In How Attention Works, Stefan Van der Stigchel explains the process of attention and what the implications are for our everyday lives. The visual attention system is efficient, Van der Stigchel writes, because it doesn't waste energy processing every scrap of visual data it receives; it gathers only relevant information. We focus on one snippet of information and assume that everything else is stable and consistent with past experience; that's why most people miss even the most glaring continuity errors in films. If an object doesn't meet our expectations, chances are we won't see it. Van der Stigchel makes his case with examples from real life, explaining, among other things, the limitations of color perception (and why fire trucks shouldn't be red); the importance of location (security guards and radiologists, for example, have to know where to look); the attention-getting properties of faces and spiders; what we can learn from someone else's eye movements; why we see what we expect to see (magicians take advantage of this); and visual neglect and unattended information.

Effortless Attention

Effortless Attention PDF

Author: Brian Bruya

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2010-04-09

Total Pages: 459

ISBN-13: 0262013843

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The phenomena of effortless attention and action and the challenges they pose to current cognitive models of attention and action.

Advanced Deep Learning with Python

Advanced Deep Learning with Python PDF

Author: Ivan Vasilev

Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd

Published: 2019-12-12

Total Pages: 456

ISBN-13: 1789952719

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Gain expertise in advanced deep learning domains such as neural networks, meta-learning, graph neural networks, and memory augmented neural networks using the Python ecosystem Key FeaturesGet to grips with building faster and more robust deep learning architecturesInvestigate and train convolutional neural network (CNN) models with GPU-accelerated libraries such as TensorFlow and PyTorchApply deep neural networks (DNNs) to computer vision problems, NLP, and GANsBook Description In order to build robust deep learning systems, you’ll need to understand everything from how neural networks work to training CNN models. In this book, you’ll discover newly developed deep learning models, methodologies used in the domain, and their implementation based on areas of application. You’ll start by understanding the building blocks and the math behind neural networks, and then move on to CNNs and their advanced applications in computer vision. You'll also learn to apply the most popular CNN architectures in object detection and image segmentation. Further on, you’ll focus on variational autoencoders and GANs. You’ll then use neural networks to extract sophisticated vector representations of words, before going on to cover various types of recurrent networks, such as LSTM and GRU. You’ll even explore the attention mechanism to process sequential data without the help of recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Later, you’ll use graph neural networks for processing structured data, along with covering meta-learning, which allows you to train neural networks with fewer training samples. Finally, you’ll understand how to apply deep learning to autonomous vehicles. By the end of this book, you’ll have mastered key deep learning concepts and the different applications of deep learning models in the real world. What you will learnCover advanced and state-of-the-art neural network architecturesUnderstand the theory and math behind neural networksTrain DNNs and apply them to modern deep learning problemsUse CNNs for object detection and image segmentationImplement generative adversarial networks (GANs) and variational autoencoders to generate new imagesSolve natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such as machine translation, using sequence-to-sequence modelsUnderstand DL techniques, such as meta-learning and graph neural networksWho this book is for This book is for data scientists, deep learning engineers and researchers, and AI developers who want to further their knowledge of deep learning and build innovative and unique deep learning projects. Anyone looking to get to grips with advanced use cases and methodologies adopted in the deep learning domain using real-world examples will also find this book useful. Basic understanding of deep learning concepts and working knowledge of the Python programming language is assumed.

Attention Management

Attention Management PDF

Author: Maura Thomas

Publisher: Sourcebooks, Inc.

Published: 2019-09-09

Total Pages: 69

ISBN-13: 1728217482

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Are you tired of feeling overwhelmed and scattered? Do you wish you could maximize your productivity and achieve success effortlessly? In Attention Management, productivity expert Maura Thomas unveils the ultimate guide to increasing your focus and harnessing your attention for peak performance. In this game-changing book, Thomas shares her practical mindfulness techniques to help you regain control over your attention and optimize your productivity. With a clear and systematic approach, she empowers you to effectively prioritize tasks, eliminate distractions, and enhance your ability to concentrate on what truly matters. Whether you're a student, professional, or entrepreneur, this book will equip you with the tools and knowledge to: Conquer information overload and regain mental clarity Cultivate laser-like focus amidst digital distractions Overcome procrastination and stay motivated Reduce stress and increase overall well-being Cultivate a healthy work-life balance Boost creativity and unlock your full potential A must-read business book for anyone seeking to transform their productivity and achieve lasting success!

Joint Attention

Joint Attention PDF

Author: Axel Seemann

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2012-01-20

Total Pages: 503

ISBN-13: 0262300621

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Interdisciplinary perspectives on definitional concerns, underlying mechanisms, and the functional significance of joint attention. Academic interest in the phenomenon of joint attention—the capacity to attend to an object together with another creature—has increased rapidly over the past two decades. Yet it isn't easy to spell out in detail what joint attention is, how it ought to be characterized, and what exactly its significance consists in. The writers for this volume address these and related questions by drawing on a variety of disciplines, including developmental and comparative psychology, philosophy of mind, and social neuroscience. The volume organizes their contributions along three main themes: definitional concerns, such as the question of whether or not joint attention should be understood as an irreducibly basic state of mind; processes and mechanisms obtaining on both the neural and behavioral levels; and the functional significance of joint attention, in particular the role it plays in comprehending spatial perspectives and understanding other minds. The collected papers present new work by leading researchers on one of the key issues in social cognition. They demonstrate that an adequate theory of joint attention is indispensable for a comprehensive account of mind.

Attention! This Book Will Make You Money

Attention! This Book Will Make You Money PDF

Author: Jim F. Kukral

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2010-07-16

Total Pages: 306

ISBN-13: 0470880686

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Drive Web traffic and take your business into the future In todays social Web marketplace, attention equals revenue. When you direct more attention online to your brand or business, you drive more long-term revenue. Regardless of who you are or how small your business is, you can have a huge impact using free Internet tools...provided you understand and correctly apply the latest techniques. Attention! gives you an educational and motivational guide to using social media to market your brand or business online. In three parts, you'll discover everything you need to know to get off the ground and thrive in the social mediasphere, including The tools, techniques and tricks to get attention online and turn that attention into profit The theory behind the importance of making your mark on the Internet How other businesses and individuals made money from online marketing Whether you're just starting your business, just moving it online, or already established and looking to take your business to the next level, Attention! is the key to success.

Deep Learning Essentials

Deep Learning Essentials PDF

Author: Anurag Bhardwaj

Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd

Published: 2018-01-30

Total Pages: 271

ISBN-13: 1785887777

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Get to grips with the essentials of deep learning by leveraging the power of Python Key Features Your one-stop solution to get started with the essentials of deep learning and neural network modeling Train different kinds of neural networks to tackle various problems in Natural Language Processing, computer vision, speech recognition, and more Covers popular Python libraries such as Tensorflow, Keras, and more, along with tips on training, deploying and optimizing your deep learning models in the best possible manner Book Description Deep Learning a trending topic in the field of Artificial Intelligence today and can be considered to be an advanced form of machine learning, which is quite tricky to master. This book will help you take your first steps in training efficient deep learning models and applying them in various practical scenarios. You will model, train, and deploy different kinds of neural networks such as Convolutional Neural Network, Recurrent Neural Network, and will see some of their applications in real-world domains including computer vision, natural language processing, speech recognition, and so on. You will build practical projects such as chatbots, implement reinforcement learning to build smart games, and develop expert systems for image captioning and processing. Popular Python library such as TensorFlow is used in this book to build the models. This book also covers solutions for different problems you might come across while training models, such as noisy datasets, small datasets, and more. This book does not assume any prior knowledge of deep learning. By the end of this book, you will have a firm understanding of the basics of deep learning and neural network modeling, along with their practical applications. What you will learn Get to grips with the core concepts of deep learning and neural networks Set up deep learning library such as TensorFlow Fine-tune your deep learning models for NLP and Computer Vision applications Unify different information sources, such as images, text, and speech through deep learning Optimize and fine-tune your deep learning models for better performance Train a deep reinforcement learning model that plays a game better than humans Learn how to make your models get the best out of your GPU or CPU Who this book is for Aspiring data scientists and machine learning experts who have limited or no exposure to deep learning will find this book to be very useful. If you are looking for a resource that gets you up and running with the fundamentals of deep learning and neural networks, this book is for you. As the models in the book are trained using the popular Python-based libraries such as Tensorflow and Keras, it would be useful to have sound programming knowledge of Python.