Historical Analysis of the Battle of Little Bighorn Utilizing the Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS)

Historical Analysis of the Battle of Little Bighorn Utilizing the Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS) PDF

Author: Michael A. Charlebois

Publisher:

Published: 2004-06-01

Total Pages: 137

ISBN-13: 9781423518556

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The purpose of this thesis is to determine which of three competing theories of what occurred at the Battle of Little Bighorn is the most plausible by utilizing the Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS) program developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The theories compared are those of John S. Gray, Stephen E. Ambrose, and Richard A. Fox. Jr. There are many practical gains that JCATS can provide today's military with regard to training and educating soldiers for future conflicts. JCATS can be used to train soldiers in planning and executing missions in ways not feasible with conventional field training exercises utilizing live bodies and real vehicles. It also is increasingly being used for actual mission planning. However, very little has been done using JCATS to war-game past operations. There are two points to be gained by using JCATS to model a historical battle, such as the Battle of Little Bighorn. First, it validates the ability of JCATS to accurately model actual historical scenarios while identifying many of the specific limitations of the program. If the military is going to use computer simulations such as JCATS in lieu of field training exercises to train soldiers, it must first be determined if the program produces realistic results. Modeling an actual battle and comparing the results of the program with what actually occurred is one means of doing so. Second, modeling historical battles, particularly defeats, may assist in discovering lessons learned. In a field training exercise, a defeated force can be brought back to life and given another opportunity to apply the lessons learned from its previous defeat. Real battles afford no such opportunity. Computer modeling of past battles would allow military planners to isolate individual events and decisions and study their impact on the outcome. (26 tables, 12 figures, 23 refs.)

A Day to Remember

A Day to Remember PDF

Author: David MacNab

Publisher: iUniverse

Published: 2003-04-10

Total Pages: 122

ISBN-13: 0595274404

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The Battle of the Little Bighorn remains one of history’s most famous and most controversial events. Lieutenant Colonel George Custer, Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, the Seventh Cavalry, the Sioux, and the Cheyenne were all there on June 25th, 1876. This battle, which was a shocking disaster for the U.S. army and a triumph for Native Americans, continues to fascinate us more than 125 years later. Often when people are shocked by an unexpected event, they want to understand exactly why and how it happened. In the case of the Battle of the Little Bighorn, these questions have yet to be answered completely satisfactorily, due to the lack of totally definitive evidence regarding some of the details. As a result, some controversy still surrounds the battle. A Day to Remember introduces the reader to the many aspects of this battle. The author makes use of eyewitness testimony, battle analyses, Custer’s personality traits, and a comparison with other disasters, in order to give the reader a basic understanding of the battle and to provide a basis for further exploration of this fascinating historic event.

Revisiting the Battle of the Little Big Horn

Revisiting the Battle of the Little Big Horn PDF

Author: Matthew J. Burns

Publisher:

Published: 2000-12-01

Total Pages: 162

ISBN-13: 9781423531784

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The Battle of the Little Big Horn has captured the interest of historians, scholars, and military enthusiasts since the day that over 200 United States soldiers under General George Armstrong Custer's command were decimated by Crazy Horse and 2000 Indian warriors. Competing theories regarding the details of the battle have arisen, mostly due to conflicting first hand accounts. The purpose of this thesis is twofold. The first purpose is to perform an historical analysis of the Battle of the Little Big Horn, using war-gaming. A series of controlled, comparative simulations of the battle will be carried out using the Synchronization Matrix, a war-gaming tool obtained from U.S. Army Field Manual (FM) 101-5. This analysis will evaluate three competing theories and interpretations of the battle, with the objective of categorizing the theories by degree of plausibility. The second purpose is to examine the impact of alternative notional leadership decisions on the outcome of the battle, e.g. what if Custer had not split his force? The result is a confirmation that war- gaming can indeed be utilized for the study of historical combat, as well as for future planning.

The Battle of the Little Bighorn in United States History

The Battle of the Little Bighorn in United States History PDF

Author: Nancy Warren Ferrell

Publisher: Enslow Publishers, Inc.

Published: 2014-09

Total Pages: 98

ISBN-13: 0766060993

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In Montana, on June 25, 1876 Lieutenant Colonel George Custer and the Seventh U.S. Cavalry faced thousands of Native American warriors. Custer’s Last Stand is the battle resulting from years of fighting between the expanding United States and the Native Americans who already populated the land. When the battle ended, not one of the United States soldiers in Custer's immediate command had survived. The trail of events which led to this historic battle are explored in this descriptive account, along with the famous and colorful characters who took part, including Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Marcus Reno, and George Custer. This book is developed from THE BATTLE OF THE LITTLE BIGHORN IN AMERICAN HISTORY to allow republication of the original text into ebook, paperback, and trade editions.

The Strategy of Defeat at the Little Big Horn

The Strategy of Defeat at the Little Big Horn PDF

Author: Frederic C. Wagner III

Publisher: McFarland

Published: 2014-11-07

Total Pages: 296

ISBN-13: 078647954X

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The battle that unfolded at the Little Big Horn River on June 25, 1876, marked a watershed in the history of the Plains Indians. While a stunning victory for the Sioux and Cheyenne peoples, it initiated a new and vigorous effort by the U.S. government to rid the west of marauding tribes and to realize the ideal of "Manifest Destiny." While thousands of books and articles have covered different aspects of the battle, few if any have analyzed the tactics and chronology to arrive at a satisfactory explanation of what befell George Armstrong Custer and the 209 men who died alongside him. This volume seeks to explain the circumstances culminating in the near-destruction of the 7th Cavalry Regiment by a close examination of timing, setting every event to a specific moment based on accounts of the battle's participants.

Stricken Field

Stricken Field PDF

Author: Jerome A. Greene

Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press

Published: 2014-10-22

Total Pages: 383

ISBN-13: 0806185651

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The Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument is the site of one of America’s most famous armed struggles, but the events surrounding Custer’s defeat there in 1876 are only the beginning of the story. As park custodians, American Indians, and others have contested how the site should be preserved and interpreted for posterity, the Little Bighorn has turned into a battlefield in more ways than one. In Stricken Field, one of America’s foremost military historians offers the first comprehensive history of the site and its administration in more than half a century. Jerome A. Greene has produced a compelling account of one of the West’s most hallowed and controversial attractions, beginning with the battle itself and ending with the establishment of an American Indian memorial early in the twenty-first century. Chronicling successive efforts of the War Department and the National Park Service to oversee the site, Greene describes the principal issues that have confounded its managers, from battle observances and memorials to ongoing maintenance, visitor access, and public use. Stricken Field is a cautionary tale. Greene elucidates the conflict between the Park Service’s dual mission to provide public access while preserving the integrity of a historical resource. He also traces the complex events surrounding the site, including Indian protests in the 1970s and 1980s that ultimately contributed to the 2003 dedication of a monument finally recognizing the Lakotas, Northern Cheyennes, and other American Indians who fought there.

Little Bighorn

Little Bighorn PDF

Author: Michael L. Lawson

Publisher: Infobase Publishing

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 169

ISBN-13: 1438103883

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On June 25, 1876, the United States Army suffered the worst defeat of all its battles with Native Americans. Allied Sioux and Northern Cheyenne warriors successfully turned back a surprise attack on their village near the Little Bighorn River in Montana. Killed in the battle were Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, the colorful and controversial commanding officer of the 7th Cavalry Regiment, and 267 men under his command. Little Bighorn traces the events that led to this historic confrontation, which, though a great tactical victory for the Native American warriors and the families they fought to protect, also set in motion a series of negative events for the Sioux and their allies.

Legacy

Legacy PDF

Author: Charles E. Rankin

Publisher: Montana Historical Society

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 388

ISBN-13: 9780917298424

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Proceedings of the Little Bighorn Legacy Symposium, held in Billings, Montana, August3-6, 1994.

Archaeological Perspectives on the Battle of the Little Bighorn

Archaeological Perspectives on the Battle of the Little Bighorn PDF

Author: Melissa A. Connor

Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press

Published: 2013-05-01

Total Pages: 331

ISBN-13: 0806170506

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Ever since the Custer massacres on June 25, 1876, the question has been asked: What happened - what REALLY happened - at the Battle of the Little Bighorn? We know some of the answers, because half of George Armstrong Custer’s Seventh Cavalry - the men with Major Marcus Reno and Captain Frederick Benteen - survived the fight, but what of the half that did not, the troopers, civilians, scouts, and journalist who were with Custer? Now, because a grass fire in August 1983 cleared the terrain of brush and grass and made possible thorough archaeological examinations of the battlefield in 1984 and 1985, we have many answers to important questions. On the basis of the archaeological evidence presented in this book, we know more about what kinds of weapons were used against the cavalry. We know exactly where many of the men fought, how they died, and what happened to their bodies at the time of or after death. We know how the troopers were deployed, what kind of clothing they wore, what kind of equipment they had, how they fought. Through the techniques of historical archaeology and forensic anthropology, the remains and grave of one of Custer’s scouts, Mitch Boyer, have been identified. And through geomorphology and the process of elimination, we know with almost 100 percent certainty where the twenty-eight missing men who supposedly were buried en masse in Deep Ravine will be found.

Archaeological Perspectives on the Battle of the Little Bighorn

Archaeological Perspectives on the Battle of the Little Bighorn PDF

Author: Douglas D. Scott

Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press

Published: 2013-05-01

Total Pages: 334

ISBN-13: 0806189754

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Ever since the Custer massacres on June 25, 1876, the question has been asked: What happened - what REALLY happened - at the Battle of the Little Bighorn? We know some of the answers, because half of George Armstrong Custer’s Seventh Cavalry - the men with Major Marcus Reno and Captain Frederick Benteen - survived the fight, but what of the half that did not, the troopers, civilians, scouts, and journalist who were with Custer? Now, because a grass fire in August 1983 cleared the terrain of brush and grass and made possible thorough archaeological examinations of the battlefield in 1984 and 1985, we have many answers to important questions. On the basis of the archaeological evidence presented in this book, we know more about what kinds of weapons were used against the cavalry. We know exactly where many of the men fought, how they died, and what happened to their bodies at the time of or after death. We know how the troopers were deployed, what kind of clothing they wore, what kind of equipment they had, how they fought. Through the techniques of historical archaeology and forensic anthropology, the remains and grave of one of Custer’s scouts, Mitch Boyer, have been identified. And through geomorphology and the process of elimination, we know with almost 100 percent certainty where the twenty-eight missing men who supposedly were buried en masse in Deep Ravine will be found.

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