Hazardous substances in plastics

Hazardous substances in plastics PDF

Author: Stenmarck, Åsa

Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers

Published: 2017-02-08

Total Pages: 121

ISBN-13: 9289348496

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

The aim of the project is to create knowledge on how plastics recycling can increase without increasing the risk of emitting hazardous substances to the environment.The first general conclusion is that to be able to increase recycling there are measures needed at different levels. The following areas are of interest: • Legislation: new legislation is not necessary, but harmonisation and clear guidance to the existing one is. • Market: to create a market safety on content is needed. • If substances added are less hazardous the recycled raw material would be “more safe” to use. • There should be higher attention put on the knowledge of the recyclers. • Traceability and content: Further work on labelling reaching the recycle part of the value chain needs to be developed. It is also needed to develop a systematic approach towards risk assessments linked to recycling.

Marine Anthropogenic Litter

Marine Anthropogenic Litter PDF

Author: Melanie Bergmann

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-06-01

Total Pages: 447

ISBN-13: 3319165100

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.

Toxicants in Food Packaging and Household Plastics

Toxicants in Food Packaging and Household Plastics PDF

Author: Suzanne M. Snedeker

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-08-13

Total Pages: 311

ISBN-13: 1447165004

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

This book serves as a comprehensive resource on toxicants that can be released from food packaging materials and household plastics. Chapters include sources and levels of chemical exposure, known and suspected health effects and the identification of data gaps with recommendations for further research. In addition, regulatory approaches and risk assessment challenges in the United States and Europe are discussed. Chapters cover both the more widely known chemicals that can migrate from food packaging (bisphenol A, perfluorinated chemicals), and household plastics (lead, phthalates, brominated flame retardants), as well as chemicals that are just entering use in food packaging (nanomaterials in polymer food packaging) and chemicals recently identified as migrating from food packaging to food stuffs (phthalates, benzophenones, antimony, methylnaphthalene and the alkylphenols nonylphenol and octylphenol). Chapters on phthalates and brominated flame retardants discuss challenges that arise with the use of replacement chemicals. The health effect sections of chapters have drawn on a wide variety of toxicological endpoints and recommend approaches to better assess toxicological risks in vulnerable human populations. Reflecting the global nature of our food supply and household consumer goods, contributions have been drawn from international experts. A wide range of scientists will find this book to be useful, including toxicologists, environmental health scientists, food scientists, and regulators.

Plastic

Plastic PDF

Author: Susan Freinkel

Publisher: HMH

Published: 2011-04-18

Total Pages: 341

ISBN-13: 0547549148

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

“This eloquent, elegant book thoughtfully plumbs the . . . consequences of our dependence on plastics” (The Boston Globe, A Best Nonfiction Book of 2011). From pacemakers to disposable bags, plastic built the modern world. But a century into our love affair, we’re starting to realize it’s not such a healthy relationship. As journalist Susan Freinkel points out in this eye-opening book, we’re at a crisis point. Plastics draw on dwindling fossil fuels, leach harmful chemicals, litter landscapes, and destroy marine life. We’re drowning in the stuff, and we need to start making some hard choices. Freinkel tells her story through eight familiar plastic objects: a comb, a chair, a Frisbee, an IV bag, a disposable lighter, a grocery bag, a soda bottle, and a credit card. With a blend of lively anecdotes and analysis, she sifts through scientific studies and economic data, reporting from China and across the United States to assess the real impact of plastic on our lives. Her conclusion is severe, but not without hope. Plastic points the way toward a new creative partnership with the material we love, hate, and can’t seem to live without. “When you write about something so ubiquitous as plastic, you must be prepared to write in several modes, and Freinkel rises to this task. . . . She manages to render the most dull chemical reaction into vigorous, breathless sentences.” —SF Gate “Freinkel’s smart, well-written analysis of this love-hate relationship is likely to make plastic lovers take pause, plastic haters reluctantly realize its value, and all of us understand the importance of individual action, political will, and technological innovation in weaning us off our addiction to synthetics.” —Publishers Weekly “A compulsively interesting story. Buy it (with cash).” —Bill McKibben, author of The End of Nature “What a great read—rigorous, smart, inspiring, and as seductive as plastic itself.” —Karim Rashid, designer

Hazardous Chemicals Associated with Plastics in the Marine Environment

Hazardous Chemicals Associated with Plastics in the Marine Environment PDF

Author: Hideshige Takada

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-10-13

Total Pages: 322

ISBN-13: 3319955683

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

This volume consists of 15 chapters and focuses on hazardous chemicals, how they are associated with plastics, and their environmental risks. It includes background information on plastics and additives chemistry, and their observed or potential effects on living organisms as well as the oceanographic aspects of marine debris dispersion. The respective chapters provide insights into the sorption/desorption of chemicals in and out of plastics, the mechanisms and kinetics, but also the scale of the concentrations of chemicals found in marine debris, particularly in microplastics. The occurrence of the various chemicals is analyzed, as well as the distribution profiles of the chemicals in microplastics throughout the world’s oceans. The implications of the fact that plastics carry within them several chemicals are discussed in detail. In closing, new research topics that warrant further attention are identified. The book will appeal to all scientists who are already working or interested in starting to work on the topic of marine debris, as well as policymakers, NGOs and the broader informed public.

The Common Sense Approach to Hazardous Materials

The Common Sense Approach to Hazardous Materials PDF

Author: Frank Fire, Sr.

Publisher: Fire Engineering Books

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 625

ISBN-13: 1593701942

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

This book includes the HM-181 standards and new government regulations. Its focus is on the basic aspects of chemistry with regard to the specific fire theories and classes of hazardous materials that the responder is likely to face.

OECD Series on Risk Management of Chemicals A Chemicals Perspective on Designing with Sustainable Plastics Goals, Considerations and Trade-offs

OECD Series on Risk Management of Chemicals A Chemicals Perspective on Designing with Sustainable Plastics Goals, Considerations and Trade-offs PDF

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2021-12-07

Total Pages: 76

ISBN-13: 926477288X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

The development of plastic products does not systematically take sustainability, particularly from a chemicals perspective, into account. This report seeks to enable the creation of inherently sustainable plastic products by integrating sustainable chemistry thinking in the design process.

Hazardous Chemicals in the Polymer Industry

Hazardous Chemicals in the Polymer Industry PDF

Author: NicholasP. Cheremisinoff

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-11-22

Total Pages: 622

ISBN-13: 1351441558

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

Provides accurate, up-to-date information on the hazardous properties of several hundred generic and specific polymeric additives used in elastomer and plastics processing operations, detailing the symproms of overexposure as well as resonsible packaging, shipping and emergency-response procedures. Essential safety data is offered.