Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Published: 2001
Total Pages: 111
ISBN-13: 1428940472
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: Gouel, Christophe
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Published: 2017-04-07
Total Pages: 34
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Estimating future demand for food is a critical aspect of global food security analyses. The process linking dietary changes to wealth is known as the nutrition transition and presents well-identified features that help to predict consumption changes in poor countries. This study proposes to represent the nutrition transition with a nonhomothetic, flexible-in-income, demand system, known as the Modified Implicitly Directly Additive Demand System (MAIDADS). The resulting model is transparent and estimated statistically based on cross-sectional information from FAOSTAT the statistical database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. It captures the main features of the nutrition transition: rise in demand for calories associated with income growth; diversification of diets away from starchy staples; and a large increase in caloric demand for animal-based products, fats, and sweeteners. The estimated model is used to project food demand between 2010 and 2050 based on a set of plausible futures (trend projections and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios). The main results of these projections are as follows: (1) global food demand will increase by 46 percent, less than half the growth in the previous four decades; (2) this growth will be attributable mainly to lower-middle-income and low-income countries; (3) the structure of global food demand will change over the period, with a 95 percent increase in demand for animal-based calories and a much smaller 18 percent increase in demand for starchy staples; and (4) the analysis of a range of population and income projections reveals important uncertainties depending on the scenario, the projected increases in demand for animal-based and vegetal-based calories range from 78 to 109 percent and from 20 to 42 percent, respectively.
Author: Takamasa Okutsu
Publisher:
Published: 1991
Total Pages: 992
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The purpose of this study is to comprehend food demand structure and its changes under rapid economic development theoretically and statistically. The recently developed Far East Asian countries, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan were chosen to obtain implications for the food demand patterns in the future industrialized countries around the world. Food demands for nine food commodities, rice, bread/wheat, barley, beef, pork, chicken, fish, eggs, and milk were analyzed. The first three commodities are plant origin, the rest are animal origin. Study periods are from the early 1910's to the end of 1980's for Japan (the end of 1930's to the early 1950's were excluded because of the war period), and from the early 1960's to the end of the 1980's for both Korea and Taiwan. The importance of income growth on food demand changes in developing countries has been stressed. Many studies have been done based on a simple model using per capita income as the only explanatory variable, or at most including the prices of own and closely related commodities. This study employed a more versatile analytical framework, incorporating a wider range of cross price effects. This study has two main objectives; the first is to reconsider the effect of income growth on food demands, particularly to examine whether income elasticities change between various stages of economic development. The other is to evaluate non-economic factors that cause changes in food consumption patterns under economic development. Age-population composition and household size were two of the explanatory variables. A complete demand system by adding dynamic and demographic features to DEATON and MUELLBAUER's (1980a, b) LA/AIDS model. Data were complied from various secondary sources. Price and quantity data sets passed nonparametric tests of stability of preferences. Two different estimation techniques; an iterative SUR (maximum likelihood) estimation and a single equation estimation using the homogeneity condition and first order autocorrelation were applied for the demand system. Assuming weak separability for the group of foods in the study, the expenditure elasticities calculated by the demand system were converted to the ones equivalent to income elasticities. Major findings were: 1) the impact of the "pure" income effect was not significant. However, effects of age-population composition changes and own and cross price effects were significant. The impacts from changes in own price level and/or age-population composition exceeded the impacts from changes in expenditure level most frequently for animal origin foods. Significant cross price effects between animal and plant origin foods were observed. 2) Various patterns of changes in income elasticities were observed. Unexpectedly, some animal origin foods such as beef, chicken, and eggs showed negative expenditure elasticities at low income level. This phenomenon was observed across countries and across time periods.
Author: Kenneth Leroy Bachman
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Published: 1979
Total Pages: 104
ISBN-13: 9780896290129
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Abstract: Of the 94 developing nations, 24 are categorized as rapid-growth, where food production expanded faster than population. In a study of 16 rapid-growth countries, wide variation was evident in sources of growth, patterns of growth, patterns of agricultural and economic development, geography, demography, and income level. Population growth and income are significant in raising demand for a wide variety of staple foods, resulting in increased production and importation. Main crops varied by region: maize in South America, wheat in the Middle East, and rice in Asia. Production increase is based on area expansion and output per hectare, and reflects changing crop patterns as well as new technology in fertilization and irrigation. Approaches to increasing the world food supply must take into account physical and economic conditions and potential problems, such as soil management.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 2012-09-10
Total Pages: 418
ISBN-13: 0309259363
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Globalization of the food supply has created conditions favorable for the emergence, reemergence, and spread of food-borne pathogens-compounding the challenge of anticipating, detecting, and effectively responding to food-borne threats to health. In the United States, food-borne agents affect 1 out of 6 individuals and cause approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths each year. This figure likely represents just the tip of the iceberg, because it fails to account for the broad array of food-borne illnesses or for their wide-ranging repercussions for consumers, government, and the food industry-both domestically and internationally. A One Health approach to food safety may hold the promise of harnessing and integrating the expertise and resources from across the spectrum of multiple health domains including the human and veterinary medical and plant pathology communities with those of the wildlife and aquatic health and ecology communities. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop on December 13 and 14, 2011 that examined issues critical to the protection of the nation's food supply. The workshop explored existing knowledge and unanswered questions on the nature and extent of food-borne threats to health. Participants discussed the globalization of the U.S. food supply and the burden of illness associated with foodborne threats to health; considered the spectrum of food-borne threats as well as illustrative case studies; reviewed existing research, policies, and practices to prevent and mitigate foodborne threats; and, identified opportunities to reduce future threats to the nation's food supply through the use of a "One Health" approach to food safety. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary covers the events of the workshop and explains the recommendations for future related workshops.
Author: Joachim von Braun
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Published: 2007
Total Pages: 27
ISBN-13: 0896295303
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The world food situation is currently being rapidly redefined by new driving forces. Income growth, climate change, high energy prices, globalization, and urbanization are transforming food consumption, production, and markets. The influence of the private sector in the world food system, especially the leverage of food retailers, is also rapidly increasing. Changes in food availability, rising commodity prices, and new producer-consumer linkages have crucial implications for the livelihoods of poor and food-insecure people. Analyzing and interpreting recent trends and emerging challenges in the world food situation is essential in order to provide policymakers with the necessary information to mobilize adequate responses at the local, national, regional, and international levels. It is also critical for helping to appropriately adjust research agendas in agriculture, nutrition, and health. Not surprisingly, renewed global attention is being given to the role of agriculture and food in development policy, as can be seen from the World Bank's World Development Report, accelerated public action in African agriculture under the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), and the Asian Development Bank's recent initiatives for more investment in agriculture, to name just a few examples.
Author: Raghbendra Jha
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Published: 2014-01-01
Total Pages: 565
ISBN-13: 1781004293
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →'This volume is a welcome and timely contribution to a topic of enduring importance. The global consequences of recent food price crises underscore the need to examine food security issues from diverse perspectives. This volume meets that need, featuring accessible yet cutting-edge analyses of food security by leading experts in fields as diverse as trade, nutrition, public health, production, political economy, and behavioral economics. It will be of interest to a wide range of scholars and practitioners.' --Steven Block, Tufts University, US. 'This excellent volume offers a compact but wide-ranging survey of recent research on important changes in global food markets. Its 20 chapters accurately capture important areas of scholarly agreement as well as on-going debates among economists studying agriculture and nutrition, with several provocative original contributions from other fields. The book draws particularly on the authors' long experience in Asia, offering widely-applicable insights for scholars and policy analysts seeking to understand the past, present and future of food around the world.' --William A. Masters, Tufts University, US. The global population is forecasted to reach 9.4 billion by 2050, with much of this increase concentrated in developing regions and cities. Ensuring adequate food and nourishment to this large population is a pressing economic, moral and even security challenge and requires research (and action) from a multi-disciplinary perspective. This book provides the first such integrated approach to tackling this problem by addressing the multiplicity of challenges posed by rising global population, diet diversification and urbanization in developing countries and climate change. It examines key topics such as: the impact of prosperity on food demand, the role of international trade in addressing food insecurity, the challenge posed by greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and land degradation, the implication on labor markets of severe under-nutrition, viability of small scale farms, strategies to augment food availability. The Handbook on Food would be a welcome supplementary text for courses on development economics, particularly those concentrating on agricultural development, climate change and food availability, as well as nutrition.