Global Carbon Markets: Are There Opportunities for Sub-Saharan Africa?
Author: Elizabeth Bryan, Wisdom Akpalu, Mahmud Yesuf, and Claudia Ringler
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Published:
Total Pages: 48
ISBN-13:
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Global Carbon Markets
Climate Change and Select Financial Instruments:An Overview of Opportunities and Challenges for Sub-Saharan Africa
Author: Anna Belianska
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 2022-11
Total Pages: 44
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the region in the world most vulnerable to climate change despite its cumulatively emitting the least amount of greenhouse gases. Substantial financing is urgently needed across the economy—for governments, businesses, and households—to support climate change adaptation and mitigation, which are critical for advancing resilient and green economic development as well as meeting commitments under the Paris Agreement. Given the immensity of SSA’s other development needs, this financing must be in addition to existing commitments on development finance. There are many potential ways to raise financing to meet adaptation and mitigation needs, spanning from domestic revenue mobilization to various forms of international private financing. Against this backdrop, SSA policymakers and stakeholders are exploring sources of financing for climate action that countries may not have used substantially in the past. This Staff Climate Note presents some basic information on opportunities and challenges associated with these financing instruments.
How Best to Generate Carbon Revenue for Small-scale Projects in Sub-Saharan Africa
Author: Peter Stuart Atkins
Publisher:
Published: 2013
Total Pages: 106
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has not worked for sub-Saharan Africa and its mainly small projects, delivering only 0.3% of the total CDM carbon offsets. This is thought to be because of the low intensity of the greenhouse gas reducing interventions prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, the lack of institutional capacity relating to the CDM processes, the high transaction costs of the lengthy CDM process - typically amounting to R 500 000 per project per year and taking years to complete the process. An alternative for small carbon emission-reducing projects is to register carbon reductions with the voluntary carbon market and its Verified Emission Reductions (VERs) carbon credits. By examining the carbon markets in some detail through the lens of a particular case study, this dissertation has investigated and identified the main factors affecting the cost-effective generation of small emission reduction projects in sub-Saharan Africa. The chosen case study was a small-scale South African voluntary carbon project, the Umdoni bioethanol gel fuel-switching project. Umdoni was identified as an example of a project that generated carbon revenue outside of the CDM. By assessing the manner in which this project addressed the critical requirements of the carbon market while simultaneously alleviating poverty, the study seeks to provide new insight in the components of effective carbon markets. Both the detailed understanding of the voluntary carbon market components and the exposition of an example in which this market worked effectively is considered important at a time when the efficacy of the CDM is being reviewed, casting uncertainty over the role of market based instruments in addressing the global threat of an anthropogenically warmed climate. The study has identified the main factors affecting the ability of small carbon projects to generate net-positive carbon revenue and has suggested ways a small project could exploit this information to its benefit.
Voluntary Carbon Markets
Author: Ricardo Bayon
Publisher: Earthscan
Published: 2012
Total Pages: 185
ISBN-13: 1849773726
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The world carbon market is growing at a staggering rate with trading volumes into the tens of billions of dollars and approaching a billion tonnes of carbon dioxide. The growth prospects for business are enormous and the potential positive impacts for greenhouse gas emission reductions, climate policy options, renewable energy investment, development projects and efficiency gains are increasingly apparent.A key part of the market in greenhouse gas emissions is the rapidly growing voluntary carbon market driven by companies, organizations and individuals committed to efficiency, profitability and rapid action on climate change. HSBC, Volvo, Avis, Ricoh and American Express are but a few of the many companies now offsetting their greenhouse gas emissions and becoming 'carbon neutral', fuelling an international voluntary carbon market that is growing exponentially. This groundbreaking business book, written in a fast-paced journalistic style, draws together all the key information on international voluntary carbon markets with commentary from leading practitioners and business people. The voluntary market is complex, fragmented and multi-layered, but it is beginning to consolidate around a few guiding practices and business models from which conclusions can be drawn about market direction and opportunities.The book covers all aspects of voluntary carbon markets around the world: what they are, how they work and, most critically, their business potential to help slow climate change. It is the indispensable guide for anyone seeking to understand voluntary carbon markets and capitalize on the opportunities they present for economic and environmental benefit. If you want to be ahead of the curve for the next big thing, you need this book.
Introduction to Emerging Carbon Offset Markets
The Politics of Carbon Markets
Author: Benjamin Stephan
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2014-08-27
Total Pages: 284
ISBN-13: 1134590121
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The carbon markets are in the middle of a fundamental crisis - a crisis marked by collapsing prices, fleeing actors, and ever increasing greenhouse gas levels. Yet carbon trading remains at the heart of global attempts to respond to climate change. Not only this, but markets continue to proliferate - particularly in the Global South. The Politics of Carbon Markets helps to make sense of this paradox and brings two urgently needed insights to the analysis of carbon markets. First, the markets must be understood in relation to the politics involved in their development, maintenance and opposition. Second, this politics is multiform and pervasive. Implementation of new techniques and measuring tools, policy development and contestation, and the structuring context of institutional settings and macro-social forces all involve a variety of political actors and create new forms of political agency. The contributions study the total extent of the carbon markets, from their prehistory to their contemporary expansion and wider impacts. This wide-ranging political perspective on the carbon markets is invaluable to those studying and interested in ecological markets, climate change governance and environmental politics.
Carbon Markets
Author: Arnaud Brohé
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2012-05-16
Total Pages: 336
ISBN-13: 1136570233
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Winner of the Choice Outstanding Academic Titles of 2010 award. This book is a comprehensive and accessible guide to understanding the opportunities offered by regulated and voluntary carbon markets for tackling climate change. Coverage includes: - An overview of the problem of climate change, with a concise review of the most recent scientific evidence in different fields - A highly accessible introduction to the economic theory and different constitutive elements of a carbon allowances market - Explanation of the Kyoto Protocol and its flexibility mechanisms - Explanation of how the EU Emissions Trading Scheme works in practice - Ongoing developments in regulated carbon markets in the US - Up-to-the-minute coverage of regulated carbon markets in Australia - Developments in New Zealand and Japan - Carbon offsetting and voluntary carbon markets. Combining theoretical aspects with practical applications, this book is for business leaders, financiers, carbon traders, lawyers, bankers, researchers, policy makers and anyone interested in market mechanisms to mitigate climate change. The carbon emissions resulting from the production of this book have been calculated, reduced and offset to render the bookcarbon neutral. Published with CO2 Neutral
Carbon Conflicts and Forest Landscapes in Africa
Author: Melissa Leach
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2015-06-05
Total Pages: 251
ISBN-13: 1317579984
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Amidst the pressing challenges of global climate change, the last decade has seen a wave of forest carbon projects across the world, designed to conserve and enhance forest carbon stocks in order to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and offset emissions elsewhere. Exploring a set of new empirical case studies, Carbon Conflicts and Forest Landscapes in Africa examines how these projects are unfolding, their effects, and who is gaining and losing. Situating forest carbon approaches as part of more general moves to address environmental problems by attaching market values to nature and ecosystems, it examines how new projects interact with forest landscapes and their longer histories of intervention. The book asks: what difference does carbon make? What political and ecological dynamics are unleashed by these new commodified, marketized approaches, and how are local forest users experiencing and responding to them? The book’s case studies cover a wide range of African ecologies, project types and national political-economic contexts. By examining these cases in a comparative framework and within an understanding of the national, regional and global institutional arrangements shaping forest carbon commoditisation, the book provides a rich and compelling account of how and why carbon conflicts are emerging, and how they might be avoided in future. This book will be of interest to students of development studies, environmental sciences, geography, economics, development studies and anthropology, as well as practitioners and policy makers.
An Overview of the Carbon Trading Landscape
Author: Auriel Niemack
Publisher:
Published: 2010
Total Pages: 14
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →In order to meet its international and domestic carbon emissions requirements, South Africa needs to substantially rethink its current energy and industrial trajectories. This represents a massive challenge for any country with such a high dependence on coal as part of its energy mix -- especially in light of retaining its global competitiveness and maintaining its economic growth. This paper interrogates the opportunities and pitfalls of international carbon trading and market schemes, as a means to reduce carbon emissions and increase the participation of developing countries in voluntary mitigation activities. To date, African countries remain marginalised in the debate and underrepresented in the local generation of carbon credits. While South Africa fares slightly better than the rest of the continent, it still faces challenges of securing conventional finance to initiate projects, and the adequate capacity to deal with the numerous infrastructural, technical and procedural hurdles. Policymakers need to be aware that domestic regulatory and institutional policy processes can both facilitate or hinder the inclusion of South Africa in these markets. It is clear that project funding will only be guaranteed when there is more clarity in the expected outcomes of the multilateral process, and increased policy certainty in the future scope and nature of the carbon trading system and the Clean Development Mechanism. The global demand for carbon credits exists but it is essential to first obtain the necessary financing and emerge from the regulatory process more quickly.
