Gender in Indo-European

Gender in Indo-European PDF

Author: Ranko Matasović

Publisher: Universitatsverlag Winter

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

This book discusses the origin and history of the grammatical category of gender in the Indo-European family of languages. Gender systems of Proto-Indo-European (PIE), and of the various daughter languages are assessed from historical, typological, and areal points of view. In addition, common properties and tendencies (or drift) in the development of gender in different Indo-European branches are presented. The formal and semantic principles of gender assignment in PIE are examined on the basis of a reconstructed lexicon of PIE nouns, and the scope of gender agreement in the proto-language is reconstructed by comparing the agreement rules in the early Indo-European dialects. The Early PIE two-gender system and the development of the feminine gender in Late PIE are also discussed, and finally the PIE gender system is contrasted with the typologically rather different gender systems found in the neighboring areas of Eurasia.

Studies on the Collective and Feminine in Indo-European from a Diachronic and Typological Perspective

Studies on the Collective and Feminine in Indo-European from a Diachronic and Typological Perspective PDF

Author: Sergio Neri

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2014-01-16

Total Pages: 390

ISBN-13: 9004264957

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

This volume contains thirteen contributions on the origin of the feminine gender and its relation to the collective in the Indo-European parent language. The Indo-European daughter languages have got mostly a three-gender system, however the early attested Anatolian languages owned only two genders. In this respect, it is debatable whether the feminine gender is primary or arose secondarily from another morphological category. Due to special morphological and morphosyntactic phenomena it is also questionable whether the neuter plural of the individual languages continues an inflectional category or it was rather grammaticalized from an original word formation category collective. The authors suggest different approaches on the question of the relationship between feminine and collective.

The Nature and Origin of the Noun Genders in the Indo-European Languages; A Lecture Delivered on the Occasion of the Sesquicentennial Celebration of P

The Nature and Origin of the Noun Genders in the Indo-European Languages; A Lecture Delivered on the Occasion of the Sesquicentennial Celebration of P PDF

Author: Karl Brugmann

Publisher: Andesite Press

Published: 2017-08-22

Total Pages: 46

ISBN-13: 9781375987615

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The Nature and Origin of the Noun Genders in the Indo-European Languages

The Nature and Origin of the Noun Genders in the Indo-European Languages PDF

Author: Karl Brugmann

Publisher:

Published: 2015-08-04

Total Pages: 42

ISBN-13: 9781332161812

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

Excerpt from The Nature and Origin of the Noun Genders in the Indo-European Languages: A Lecture Delivered on the Occasion of the Sesquicentennial Celebration of Princeton University The factors that produced changes in human speech five thousand or ten thousand years ago cannot have been essentially different from those which are now operating to transform living languages. On the basis of this principle we look to-day at a much-discussed problem of Indo-European philology with views very different from the views held by the founders of Comparative Philology and their immediate successors. I refer to the problem, how the Indo-European people came to assign gender to nouns, to distinguish between masculine, feminine, and neuter. This question is of interest to others besides philologists. What man of culture who has learned languages such as the Greek, Latin, or French has not at times wondered that objects which have no possible connection with the natural gender of animals appear constantly in the language as male or female? About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The Third Gender

The Third Gender PDF

Author: Frederick W. Schwink

Publisher: Universitatsverlag Winter

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 136

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

The 'Third Gender' treats the history and development of grammatical gender from Indo-European to Germanic and into the daughter languages. Grammatical gender has hitherto received only peripheral attention in histories of the Germanic languages. This relative neglect is unfortunate, for this nominal category holds the key to understanding the massive transformations that have occurred in the nominal systems of all the Indo-European languages, which Schwink claims are in considerable part due to problems arising out of the innovation of a 'third' gender, a feminine, disturbing the earlier classification of nouns into animate and inanimate. Gender offers clear evidence that Germanic represents an extremely archaic form of Indo-European. And understanding gender in a historical perspective allows us to draw together such disparate developments as found in Modern English, German, and Dutch and to show their essential similarity and relatedness.

A Language of Our Own

A Language of Our Own PDF

Author: Peter Bakker

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 1997-06-05

Total Pages: 337

ISBN-13: 0195357086

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

The Michif language -- spoken by descendants of French Canadian fur traders and Cree Indians in western Canada -- is considered an "impossible language" since it uses French for nouns and Cree for verbs, and comprises two different sets of grammatical rules. Bakker uses historical research and fieldwork data to present the first detailed analysis of this language and how it came into being.

Grammatical Change in Indo-European Languages

Grammatical Change in Indo-European Languages PDF

Author: Vit Bubenik

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

Published: 2009-07-16

Total Pages: 290

ISBN-13: 9027289298

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

The product of a group of scholars who have been working on new directions in Historical Linguistics, this book is focused on questions of grammatical change, and the central issue of grammaticalization in Indo-European languages. Several studies examine particular problems in specific languages, but often with implications for the IE phylum as a whole. Given the historical scope of the data (over a period of four millennia) long range grammatical changes such as the development of gender differences, strategies of definiteness, the prepositional phrase, or of the syntax of the verbal diathesis and aspect, are also treated. The shifting relevance of morphology to syntax, and syntax to morphology, a central motif of this research, has provoked lively debate in the discipline of Historical Linguistics.

Grammar and Gender

Grammar and Gender PDF

Author: Dennis E. Baron

Publisher: Yale University Press

Published: 1986-01-01

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 9780300038835

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

Traces the history of sexual bias in the English language, examines attempts at reform, and discusses new words coined to reduce sexism in language