"Gangs, Migration, and Crime: The Changing Landscape in Europe and the USA". A Discussion and Comparison with Germany

Author: Yannick Unterkircher

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2017-11-29

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 3668583781

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Excerpt from the year 2017 in the subject Politics - Basics and General, grade: 1,0, University of Applied Sciences for Public Administration of North Rhine-Westphalia; Münster, language: English, abstract: This excerpt is based on the article ‘Gangs, Migration, and Crime: The Changing Landscape in Europe and the USA’ by Scott H. Decker, Frank van Gemert, and David C. Pyrooz, taken from the Journal of International Migration and Integration (2009) 10:393-408. First, a brief summary of the article as well as core information on the authors and the context of research in which the article falls will be provided. A discussion on the intention of the authors follows and different theories about how gangs form (and change) are presented and examined. Based on the research and conclusions highlighted in the article, one can further interpret the results from a comparative point of view, for example with respect to Germany, also commenting on the difficulty of conducting cross-national and cross-cultural research. The question will be: Are there gangs in Germany in the sense of the definition that the article follows?

Street Gangs, Migration and Ethnicity

Street Gangs, Migration and Ethnicity PDF

Author: Frank van Gemert

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-05-13

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 1134003781

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This book is the third publication from the Eurogang Network, a cross-national collaboration of researchers (from both North America and Europe) devoted to comparative and multi-national research on youth gangs. It provides a unique insight into the influence of migration on local gang formation and development, paying particular attention to the importance of ethnicity. The book also explores the challenges that migration and ethnicity pose for responding effectively to the growth of such gangs, particularly in areas where public discourse on such issues is restricted. Chapters in the book are concerned to address both situations where there have been longstanding problems with street gangs as well as areas where such issues have just started to emerge. A variety of different research traditions and approaches are represented, including ethnographic methods, self-report surveys and interviews, official records data and victim interviews. It will be essential reading for anybody interested in the phenomenon of street and youth gangs.

European Street Gangs and Troublesome Youth Groups

European Street Gangs and Troublesome Youth Groups PDF

Author: Scott H. Decker

Publisher: Rowman Altamira

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 372

ISBN-13: 9780759107939

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Although a well-known phenomenon in the U.S., street gangs and other violent and criminal groups_including racist groups_exist also in European cities and countries, and are of increasing concern in global law enforcement. The eminent contributors to this volume present valuable new data on European youth gangs, describing important characteristics of these groups, and their similarities and differences to American gangs. Their findings from the Eurogang Research Program compare European and American gang interventions, and highlight the impact of immigration and ethnicity, urbanization, national influences, and local neighborhood circumstances on gang development in several European countries. It is an important resource on crime, delinquency and youth development for criminologists, sociologists, youth workers, policy makers, local governments, and law enforcement professionals.

This Is for the Mara Salvatrucha

This Is for the Mara Salvatrucha PDF

Author: Samuel Logan

Publisher: Hyperion

Published: 2009-07-07

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 9781401323240

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Like any American teenager, Brenda Paz spent much of her time with her friends. They would go to parties, listen to music, and show off their cars late into the night. But Brenda and her friends belonged to the Mara Salvatrucha--the MS-13--the most violent gang in America, and in addition to enjoying the things that all teenagers do, her friends were thieves, drug dealers, human traffickers, and murderers. A street gang that began in Los Angeles in the 1980s, the Mara Salvatrucha has spread across the United States and Central America with startling speed, boasting tens of thousands of members. They deal ruthlessly with competing gangs and any members who display disloyalty, often leaving a trail of dismembered corpses in their wake. They are poised to surpass the Mafia as the country's most organized criminal network. And by operating within the insular Central American immigrant communities, the Mara Salvatrucha has been able to easily elude law enforcement. All that changed when Brenda Paz turned informant for the FBI, exposing the incredible scope of the gang's operations. But Brenda's cooperation with the FBI was only the beginning. What followed is an extraordinary story of strength, intelligence, and incredible courage. This is for the Mara Salvatrucha takes us into a dark and violent world that few people have seen, but is closer than you think.

Gang Transitions and Transformations in an International Context

Gang Transitions and Transformations in an International Context PDF

Author: Cheryl L. Maxson

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-06-09

Total Pages: 313

ISBN-13: 3319296027

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This unique volume explores why and how youth join and leave gangs, as a lens for exploring intervention and prevention through comparative, international research. The book explores three key questions: how do youth gangs form and how do they change over time? Why do youth join street gangs, and why do they leave? How can we use this knowledge to foster more effective interventions for gang problems? Drawing from research conducted in ten different countries (Belgium, Canada, Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Venezuela)and a variety of disciplines, sixteen original chapters provide unique insights into: 1) patterns of gang participation and how it impacts individual behavior 2) individual transitions and their impact on gang transformations 3) fostering gang transition and transformation. This work will be of interest to researchers in Criminology and Criminal Justice, particularly with an interest in youth gangs, developmental and life-course criminology, criminal careers, and criminal networks, as well as related fields such as sociology, psychology, and comparative law, and public health.​

The New Ethnic Mobs

The New Ethnic Mobs PDF

Author: William Kleinknecht

Publisher:

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 344

ISBN-13:

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Once the Mafia ruled uncontested over the American criminal underworld. Now, however, Chinese, Russian, Korean, Vietnamese, Mexican, Cuban, Arabic, Black, and other ethnic gangs have moved in, making organized crime more dangerous--and more lucrative--than ever before. This book introduces readers to this frightening world and the colorful criminals who populate it. 20 photos.

The Codes of the Street in Risky Neighborhoods

The Codes of the Street in Risky Neighborhoods PDF

Author: Wilhelm Heitmeyer

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-01-01

Total Pages: 192

ISBN-13: 3030162877

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This book presents a comparative look at the norms and attitudes related to youth violence. It aims to present a perspective outside of the typical Western context, through case studies comparing a developed / Western democracy (Germany), a country with a history of institutionalized violence (South Africa), and an emerging democracy that has experienced heavy terrorism (Pakistan). Building on earlier works, the research presented in this innovative volume provides new insights into the sociocultural context for shaping both young people's tolerance of and involvement in violence, depending on their environment. This volume covers: Research on interpersonal violence. Thorough review of the contribution of research on gangs, violence, neighborhoods and community. Analyses on violence-related norms of male juveniles (ages 16-21 years old) living in high-risk urban neighborhoods. Intense discussion of the concept of street code and its use. Application of street code concept to contexts outside the US. An integrating chapter focused on where the street code exists, and how it is modified or interpreted by young men. With a foreword by Jeffrey Ian Ross, this book aims to provide a broader context for research. It does so via a rigorous comparative methodology, presenting a framework that may be applied to future studies. This open access book will be of interest to researchers in criminology and criminal justice, as well as related fields such as sociology, demography, psychology, and public health.

Gangs in America

Gangs in America PDF

Author: C. Ronald Huff

Publisher: SAGE Publications, Incorporated

Published: 1990-09

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13:

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Gangs in America focuses on the historical and cultural perspectives of gangs. There are thought provoking chapters on the relationship between illicit drugs and gang violence and comparisons of the elements of gang membership for various ethnic and racial groups including Hispanics, Asians and Blacks. The book makes policy recommendations designed to stimulate discussion and action. It will prove useful to anybody, from the police to social workers, who has to deal with gangs of any kind.

Youth Gangs

Youth Gangs PDF

Author: James C. Howell

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 22

ISBN-13:

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The United States has seen rapid proliferation of youth gangs since 1980. During this period, the number of cities with gang problems increased from an estimated 286 jurisdictions with more than 2,000 gangs and nearly 100,000 gang members in 1980 (Miller, 1992) to about 4,800 jurisdictions with more than 31,000 gangs and approximately 846,000 gang members in 1996(Moore and Terrett, in press). An 11-city survey of eighth graders found that 9 percent were currently gang members, and 17 percent said they had belonged to a gang at some point in their lives (Esbensen and Osgood, 1997).Other studies reported comparable percentages and also showed that gang members were responsible for a large proportion of violent offenses. In the Rochester site of the OJJDP-funded Program of Research on the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency, gang members (30 percent of the sample) self-reported committing 68 percent of all violent offenses (Thornberry, 1998). In the Denver site, adolescent gang members (14 percent of the sample) self-reported committing 89 percent of all serious violent offenses (Huizinga, 1997). In another study, supported by OJJDP and several other agenciesand organizations, adolescent gang members in Seattle (15 percent of the sample) self-reported involvement in 85 percent of robberies committed by the entire sample (Battin et al., 1998).This Bulletin reviews data and research to consolidate available knowledge on youth gangs that are involved in criminal activity. Following a historical perspective, demographic information ispresented. The scope of the problem is assessed, including gang problems in juvenile detention and correctional facilities. Several issues are then addressed by reviewing gang studies to provide aclearer understanding of youth gang problems.An extensive list of references is provided for further review.

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