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Fungal Siderophores

Author: Kalyani Dhusia

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-02-08

Total Pages: 220

ISBN-13: 3030530779

In the past few decades, it has been realized through research that fungal siderophores epitomize the uptake of iron as well as other essential elements like zinc, magnesium, copper, nickel and arsenic. Understanding the chemical structures of different fungal siderophores and the membrane receptors involved in uptake of mineral ions has opened new areas for research. In this edited volume, recent research is presented on fungal siderophores in one comprehensive volume to provide researchers a strong base for future research. Siderophores are the low molecular weight, high affinity iron-chelating compounds produced by bacteria and fungi. They are responsible for transporting iron across the cell membrane. Fungi produce a range of hydroxamate siderophores involved in the uptake of essential elements in almost all microorganisms and plants. In recent years, siderophores have been used in molecular imaging applications to visualize and understand cellular functions, which thus provide an opportunity to identify new drug targets. Therefore, knowledge of fungal siderophores has become vital in current research. Siderophores have received much attention in recent years because of their potential roles and applications in various research areas. Their significance in these applications is because siderophores have the ability to bind a variety of metals in addition to iron, and they have a wide range of chemical structures and specific properties. For instance, siderophores function as biocontrols, biosensors, and bioremediation and chelation agents, in addition to their important role in weathering soil minerals and enhancing plant growth. This book focuses on siderophores with the following significant points. It discusses leading, state-of-the-art research in all possible areas on fungal siderophores. The contributors are well-known and recognized authorities in the field of fungal siderophores. It discusses a projection of practical applications of fungal siderophores in various domains. This is the first book exclusively on fungal siderophores. In this comprehensive, edited volume, we show leading research on fungal siderophores and provide the most recent knowledge of researchers' work on siderophores. This book presents in-depth knowledge on siderophores to researchers working in areas of health sciences, microbiology, plant sciences, biotechnology, and bioinformatics.

Fungal Siderophores

Author: Kalyani Dhusia

Publisher:

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783030530785

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Microbial Siderophores

Author: Ajit Varma

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-07-04

Total Pages: 255

ISBN-13: 3540711600

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In response to low iron availability in the environment most microorganisms synthesize iron chelators, called siderophores. Bacteria and fungi produce a broad range of structurally diverse siderophores, all of which show a very high affinity for ferric ions. This book presents an up-to-date overview of the chemistry, biology and biotechnology of these iron chelators. Coverage ranges from an introductory chapter to siderotyping to applications in human and plant health.

Microbial Siderophores

Author: Ajit Varma

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2009-09-02

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13: 9783540835936

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Damp Indoor Spaces and Health

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2004-10-01

Total Pages: 369

ISBN-13: 0309091934

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Almost all homes, apartments, and commercial buildings will experience leaks, flooding, or other forms of excessive indoor dampness at some point. Not only is excessive dampness a health problem by itself, it also contributes to several other potentially problematic types of situations. Molds and other microbial agents favor damp indoor environments, and excess moisture may initiate the release of chemical emissions from damaged building materials and furnishings. This new book from the Institute of Medicine examines the health impact of exposures resulting from damp indoor environments and offers recommendations for public health interventions. Damp Indoor Spaces and Health covers a broad range of topics. The book not only examines the relationship between damp or moldy indoor environments and adverse health outcomes but also discusses how and where buildings get wet, how dampness influences microbial growth and chemical emissions, ways to prevent and remediate dampness, and elements of a public health response to the issues. A comprehensive literature review finds sufficient evidence of an association between damp indoor environments and some upper respiratory tract symptoms, coughing, wheezing, and asthma symptoms in sensitized persons. This important book will be of interest to a wide-ranging audience of science, health, engineering, and building professionals, government officials, and members of the public.

Metal Ions in Fungi

Author: Gunther Winkelmann

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2020-08-26

Total Pages: 528

ISBN-13: 1000148904

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Presents the latest advances in the study of the intracellular fate and transport of metal ions in fungi, emphasizing the mechanisms that regulate cellular concentration. The book explains the expanding relationship between molecular genetics and inorganic biochemistry.

Oxford Textbook of Medical Mycology

Author: Christopher C. Kibbler

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2017-12-14

Total Pages: 401

ISBN-13: 0198755384

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The Oxford Textbook of Medical Mycology is a comprehensive reference text which brings together the science and medicine of human fungal disease. Written by a leading group of international authors to bring a global expertise, it is divided into sections that deal with the principles of mycology, the organisms, a systems based approach to management, fungal disease in specific patient groups, diagnosis, and treatment. The detailed clinical chapters take account of recent international guidelines on the management of fungal disease. With chapters covering recent developments in taxonomy, fungal genetics and other 'omics', epidemiology, pathogenesis, and immunology, this textbook is well suited to aid both scientists and clinicians. The extensive illustrations, tables, and in-depth coverage of topics, including discussion of the non-infective aspects of allergic and toxin mediated fungal disease, are designed to aid the understanding of mechanisms and pathology, and extend the usual approach to fungal disease. This textbook is essential reading for microbiologists, research scientists, infectious diseases clinicians, respiratory physicians, and those managing immunocompromised patients. Part of the Oxford Textbook in Infectious Disease and Microbiology series, it is also a useful companion text for students and trainees looking to supplement mycology courses and microbiology training.

Nematode-Trapping Fungi

Author: Ke-Qin Zhang

Publisher: Springer Science & Business

Published: 2014-04-22

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13: 9401787301

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These chapters provide up-to-date information on nematophagous fungi, particularly those of the Orbiliaceae in Ascomycota, whose asexual states produce nematode-trapping devices. The authors consider fungal-nematode interactions, fossil fungi, the biodiversity, ecology and geographical distribution of nematode-trapping fungi, and their potential use in biocontrol of nematodes, all in detail. Nematode-trapping fungi with adhesive or mechanical hyphal traps are the main focus of this book which begins with an overview of the data on nematode-trapping fungi, including their taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution. Subsequent chapters expand upon the methods and techniques used to study these fascinating fungi. Keys for genera of Arthrobotrys, Drechslerella and Dactylellina, which include all reported species of predatory orbiliaceous fungi are presented and numerous species from these genera are morphologically described and illustrated. The ecology of nematode-trapping fungi is expertly presented: their occurrence and habitats, their geographical and seasonal distribution and the effects of soil conditions and nematode density on their distribution all feature amongst the relevant themes. Further chapters examine the use of nematode-trapping fungi in biological control and the authors consider nematicidal activities in detail, exploring the many compounds from fungi that feature in nematicidal activities and of course useful paths for further study on this topic. This is a highly informative and carefully presented book, providing scientific insight for scholars with an interest in fungi and in biological control of nematodes.

Iron Nutrition in Plants and Rhizospheric Microorganisms

Author: Larry L. Barton

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-08-20

Total Pages: 500

ISBN-13: 9781402066238

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This book provides a comprehensive review on the status of iron nutrition in plants. It contains updated reviews of most relevant issues involving Fe in plants and combines research on molecular biology with physiological studies of plant-iron nutrition. It also covers molecular aspects of iron uptake and storage in Arabidopsis and transmembrane movement and translocation of iron in plants. This book should serve to stimulate continued exploration in the field.

The Importance of Secreted Siderophores in Diagnosis and Virulence of Invasive Fungal Infections

Author: Cassandra Sariya Carroll

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages: 173

ISBN-13:

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Iron acquisition is essential for growth. In pathogenic Mucorales fungi, reductive iron assimilation contributes to virulence whereas in Aspergillus fumigatus, siderophore biosynthesis is essential for pathogenesis. The overall aim of my research was to investigate the synthesis and diagnostic importance of siderophores of these two groups of pathogenic fungi. Biosynthesis of select siderophores has been shown to occur using non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-independent siderophore (NIS) synthetases. I used crystal structures to compare NIS enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of 8 siderophores. I proposed a new class of Type C' synthetases, responsible for dimerization/macrocyclization of more complex and substituted intermediates. I also demonstrated that NIS enzymes are predicted to be present in all Domains of life. I identified an NIS homolog in the fungal pathogen, Rhizopus delemar, and confirmed that the enzyme (Rfs) was responsible for synthesis of the polycarboxylate siderophore, rhizoferrin. Rfs kinetic parameters were comparable to bacterial NIS enzymes. Rfs used diaminobutane, ornithine, diaminopentane and diaminopropane as nucleophiles. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that H484 is essential, and that L544 may govern nucleophile specificity. These data provide the first characterization of a fungal NIS enzyme. We identified an uncharacterized siderophore, termed Band 4, in Aspergillus terreus. Band 4 did not restore growth of a sidA mutant of A. fumigatus suggesting that Band 4 is structurally unrelated to A. fumigatus hydroxamate siderophores. Studies of an A. terreus sidA mutant indicated that biosynthesis of Band 4 is not co-regulated with hydroxamate siderophores. An iron-regulated NIS homologue (AtNIS) was identified and recombinant AtNIS was generated. rAtNIS can be used to confirm its involvement in Band 4 biosynthesis. Finally, I investigated whether siderophores could be detected in serum of patients at risk for invasive aspergillosis (IA) caused by A. fumigatus. We used UPLC-MS/MS to quantify the major A. fumigatus siderophore, N,N',N"-triacetylfusarinine C (TAFC) in serum. In >90 serum samples from at-risk patients, TAFC was diagnostic in 29 samples, and identified in an additional 28 serum samples. TAFC was not detected in healthy serum. Thus, serum siderophore detection may be a useful tool in the diagnosis of IA caused by A. fumigatus.