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From Deep Learning to Rational Machines

Author: Cameron J. Buckner

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2023

Total Pages: 441

ISBN-13: 0197653308

"This book provides a framework for thinking about foundational philosophical questions surrounding machine learning as an approach to artificial intelligence. Specifically, it links recent breakthroughs in deep learning to classical empiricist philosophy of mind. In recent assessments of deep learning's current capabilities and future potential, prominent scientists have cited historical figures from the perennial philosophical debate between nativism and empiricism, which primarily concerns the origins of abstract knowledge. These empiricists were generally faculty psychologists; that is, they argued that the active engagement of general psychological faculties-such as perception, memory, imagination, attention, and empathy-enables rational agents to extract abstract knowledge from sensory experience. This book explains a number of recent attempts to model roles attributed to these faculties in deep neural network based artificial agents by appeal to the faculty psychology of philosophers such as Aristotle, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), John Locke David Hume, William James, and Sophie de Grouchy. It illustrates the utility of this interdisciplinary connection by showing how it can provide benefits to both philosophy and computer science: computer scientists can continue to mine the history of philosophy for ideas and aspirational targets to hit on the way to more robustly rational artificial agents, and philosophers can see how some of the historical empiricists' most ambitious speculations can be realized in specific computational systems"--

From Deep Learning to Rational Machines

Author: Cameron J. Buckner

Publisher:

Published: 2023

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780197653319

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Rational Machines and Artificial Intelligence

Author: Tshilidzi Marwala

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2021-03-31

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 0128209445

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Intelligent machines are populating our social, economic and political spaces. These intelligent machines are powered by Artificial Intelligence technologies such as deep learning. They are used in decision making. One element of decision making is the issue of rationality. Regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) require that decisions that are made by these intelligent machines are explainable. Rational Machines and Artificial Intelligence proposes that explainable decisions are good but the explanation must be rational to prevent these decisions from being challenged. Noted author Tshilidzi Marwala studies the concept of machine rationality and compares this to the rationality bounds prescribed by Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon and rationality bounds derived from the work of Nobel Laureates Richard Thaler and Daniel Kahneman. Rational Machines and Artificial Intelligence describes why machine rationality is flexibly bounded due to advances in technology. This effectively means that optimally designed machines are more rational than human beings. Readers will also learn whether machine rationality can be quantified and identify how this can be achieved. Furthermore, the author discusses whether machine rationality is subjective. Finally, the author examines whether a population of intelligent machines collectively make more rational decisions than individual machines. Examples in biomedical engineering, social sciences and the financial sectors are used to illustrate these concepts. Provides an introduction to the key questions and challenges surrounding Rational Machines, including, When do we rely on decisions made by intelligent machines? What do decisions made by intelligent machines mean? Are these decisions rational or fair? Can we quantify these decisions? and Is rationality subjective? Introduces for the first time the concept of rational opportunity costs and the concept of flexibly bounded rationality as a rationality of intelligent machines and the implications of these issues on the reliability of machine decisions Includes coverage of Rational Counterfactuals, group versus individual rationality, and rational markets Discusses the application of Moore’s Law and advancements in Artificial Intelligence, as well as developments in the area of data acquisition and analysis technologies and how they affect the boundaries of intelligent machine rationality

World Without Weight

Author: Daniel Povinelli

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13: 0198570961

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In every domain of reasoning humans deploy an wide range of intuitive 'theories' about how the world works. So are we alone in trying to make sense of the world by postulating theoretical entities to explain how the world works, or do we share this ability with other species. This is the focus of this new book from Daniel Povinelli

Artificial Intelligence By Example

Author: Denis Rothman

Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd

Published: 2020-02-28

Total Pages: 579

ISBN-13: 1839212810

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Understand the fundamentals and develop your own AI solutions in this updated edition packed with many new examples Key FeaturesAI-based examples to guide you in designing and implementing machine intelligenceBuild machine intelligence from scratch using artificial intelligence examplesDevelop machine intelligence from scratch using real artificial intelligenceBook Description AI has the potential to replicate humans in every field. Artificial Intelligence By Example, Second Edition serves as a starting point for you to understand how AI is built, with the help of intriguing and exciting examples. This book will make you an adaptive thinker and help you apply concepts to real-world scenarios. Using some of the most interesting AI examples, right from computer programs such as a simple chess engine to cognitive chatbots, you will learn how to tackle the machine you are competing with. You will study some of the most advanced machine learning models, understand how to apply AI to blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT), and develop emotional quotient in chatbots using neural networks such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This edition also has new examples for hybrid neural networks, combining reinforcement learning (RL) and deep learning (DL), chained algorithms, combining unsupervised learning with decision trees, random forests, combining DL and genetic algorithms, conversational user interfaces (CUI) for chatbots, neuromorphic computing, and quantum computing. By the end of this book, you will understand the fundamentals of AI and have worked through a number of examples that will help you develop your AI solutions. What you will learnApply k-nearest neighbors (KNN) to language translations and explore the opportunities in Google TranslateUnderstand chained algorithms combining unsupervised learning with decision treesSolve the XOR problem with feedforward neural networks (FNN) and build its architecture to represent a data flow graphLearn about meta learning models with hybrid neural networksCreate a chatbot and optimize its emotional intelligence deficiencies with tools such as Small Talk and data loggingBuilding conversational user interfaces (CUI) for chatbotsWriting genetic algorithms that optimize deep learning neural networksBuild quantum computing circuitsWho this book is for Developers and those interested in AI, who want to understand the fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence and implement them practically. Prior experience with Python programming and statistical knowledge is essential to make the most out of this book.

Guide to Deep Learning Basics

Author: Sandro Skansi

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-01-23

Total Pages: 140

ISBN-13: 3030375919

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This stimulating text/reference presents a philosophical exploration of the conceptual foundations of deep learning, presenting enlightening perspectives that encompass such diverse disciplines as computer science, mathematics, logic, psychology, and cognitive science. The text also highlights select topics from the fascinating history of this exciting field, including the pioneering work of Rudolf Carnap, Warren McCulloch, Walter Pitts, Bulcsú László, and Geoffrey Hinton. Topics and features: Provides a brief history of mathematical logic, and discusses the critical role of philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience in the history of AI Presents a philosophical case for the use of fuzzy logic approaches in AI Investigates the similarities and differences between the Word2vec word embedding algorithm, and the ideas of Wittgenstein and Firth on linguistics Examines how developments in machine learning provide insights into the philosophical challenge of justifying inductive inferences Debates, with reference to philosophical anthropology, whether an advanced general artificial intelligence might be considered as a living being Investigates the issue of computational complexity through deep-learning strategies for understanding AI-complete problems and developing strong AI Explores philosophical questions at the intersection of AI and transhumanism This inspirational volume will rekindle a passion for deep learning in those already experienced in coding and studying this discipline, and provide a philosophical big-picture perspective for those new to the field.

Deep Learning

Author: Ian Goodfellow

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2016-11-10

Total Pages: 801

ISBN-13: 0262337371

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An introduction to a broad range of topics in deep learning, covering mathematical and conceptual background, deep learning techniques used in industry, and research perspectives. “Written by three experts in the field, Deep Learning is the only comprehensive book on the subject.” —Elon Musk, cochair of OpenAI; cofounder and CEO of Tesla and SpaceX Deep learning is a form of machine learning that enables computers to learn from experience and understand the world in terms of a hierarchy of concepts. Because the computer gathers knowledge from experience, there is no need for a human computer operator to formally specify all the knowledge that the computer needs. The hierarchy of concepts allows the computer to learn complicated concepts by building them out of simpler ones; a graph of these hierarchies would be many layers deep. This book introduces a broad range of topics in deep learning. The text offers mathematical and conceptual background, covering relevant concepts in linear algebra, probability theory and information theory, numerical computation, and machine learning. It describes deep learning techniques used by practitioners in industry, including deep feedforward networks, regularization, optimization algorithms, convolutional networks, sequence modeling, and practical methodology; and it surveys such applications as natural language processing, speech recognition, computer vision, online recommendation systems, bioinformatics, and videogames. Finally, the book offers research perspectives, covering such theoretical topics as linear factor models, autoencoders, representation learning, structured probabilistic models, Monte Carlo methods, the partition function, approximate inference, and deep generative models. Deep Learning can be used by undergraduate or graduate students planning careers in either industry or research, and by software engineers who want to begin using deep learning in their products or platforms. A website offers supplementary material for both readers and instructors.

Deep Learning

Author: Ian Goodfellow

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2016-11-18

Total Pages: 801

ISBN-13: 0262035618

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Fundamentals of Deep Learning

Author: Nikhil Buduma

Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."

Published: 2017-05-25

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 1491925582

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With the reinvigoration of neural networks in the 2000s, deep learning has become an extremely active area of research, one that’s paving the way for modern machine learning. In this practical book, author Nikhil Buduma provides examples and clear explanations to guide you through major concepts of this complicated field. Companies such as Google, Microsoft, and Facebook are actively growing in-house deep-learning teams. For the rest of us, however, deep learning is still a pretty complex and difficult subject to grasp. If you’re familiar with Python, and have a background in calculus, along with a basic understanding of machine learning, this book will get you started. Examine the foundations of machine learning and neural networks Learn how to train feed-forward neural networks Use TensorFlow to implement your first neural network Manage problems that arise as you begin to make networks deeper Build neural networks that analyze complex images Perform effective dimensionality reduction using autoencoders Dive deep into sequence analysis to examine language Learn the fundamentals of reinforcement learning

Machine Intelligence

Author: Suresh Samudrala

Publisher: Notion Press

Published: 2019-01-11

Total Pages: 184

ISBN-13: 1684660831

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Artificial intelligence and machine learning are considered as hot technologies of this century. As these technologies move from research labs to enterprise data centers, the need for skilled professionals is continuously on the rise. This book is intended for IT and business professionals looking to gain proficiency in these technologies but are turned off by the complex mathematical equations. This book is also useful for students in the area of artificial intelligence and machine learning to gain a conceptual understanding of the algorithms and get an industry perspective. This book is an ideal place to start your journey as • Core concepts of machine learning algorithms are explained in plain English using illustrations, data tables and examples • Intuitive meaning of the mathematics behind popular machine learning algorithms explained • Covers classical machine learning, neural networks and deep learning algorithms At a time when the IT industry is focusing on reskilling its vast human resources, Machine intelligence is a very timely publication. It has a simple approach that builds up from basics, which would help software engineers and students looking to learn about the field as well as those who might have started off without the benefit of a structured introduction or sound basics. Highly recommended. - Siddhartha S, Founder and CEO of Intain - Financial technology startup Suresh has written a very accessible book for practitioners. The book has depth yet avoids excessive mathematics. The coverage of the subject is very good and has most of the concepts required for understanding machine learning if someone is looking for depth. For senior management, it will provide a good overview. It is well written. I highly recommend it. - Whee Teck ONG, CEO of Trusted Source and VP of Singapore Computer Society