Naturalism and the First-Person Perspective

Naturalism and the First-Person Perspective PDF

Author: Lynne Rudder Baker

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2013-02-15

Total Pages: 288

ISBN-13: 0199914737

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Science and its philosophical companion, Naturalism, represent reality in wholly nonpersonal terms. How, if at all, can a nonpersonal scheme accommodate the first-person perspective that we all enjoy? In this volume, Lynne Rudder Baker explores that question by considering both reductive and eliminative approaches to the first-person perspective. After finding both approaches wanting, she mounts an original constructive argument to show that a non-Cartesian first-person perspective belongs in the basic inventory of what exists. That is, the world that contains us persons is irreducibly personal. After arguing for the irreducibilty and ineliminability of the first-person perspective, Baker develops a theory of this perspective. The first-person perspective has two stages, rudimentary and robust. Human infants and nonhuman animals with consciousness and intentionality have rudimentary first-person perspectives. In learning a language, a person acquires a robust first-person perspective: the capacity to conceive of oneself as oneself, in the first person. By developing an account of personal identity, Baker argues that her theory is coherent, and she shows various ways in which first-person perspectives contribute to reality.

Against Empathy

Against Empathy PDF

Author: Paul Bloom

Publisher: HarperCollins

Published: 2016-12-06

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 0062339354

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New York Post Best Book of 2016 We often think of our capacity to experience the suffering of others as the ultimate source of goodness. Many of our wisest policy-makers, activists, scientists, and philosophers agree that the only problem with empathy is that we don’t have enough of it. Nothing could be farther from the truth, argues Yale researcher Paul Bloom. In AGAINST EMPATHY, Bloom reveals empathy to be one of the leading motivators of inequality and immorality in society. Far from helping us to improve the lives of others, empathy is a capricious and irrational emotion that appeals to our narrow prejudices. It muddles our judgment and, ironically, often leads to cruelty. We are at our best when we are smart enough not to rely on it, but to draw instead upon a more distanced compassion. Basing his argument on groundbreaking scientific findings, Bloom makes the case that some of the worst decisions made by individuals and nations—who to give money to, when to go to war, how to respond to climate change, and who to imprison—are too often motivated by honest, yet misplaced, emotions. With precision and wit, he demonstrates how empathy distorts our judgment in every aspect of our lives, from philanthropy and charity to the justice system; from medical care and education to parenting and marriage. Without empathy, Bloom insists, our decisions would be clearer, fairer, and—yes—ultimately more moral. Brilliantly argued, urgent and humane, AGAINST EMPATHY shows us that, when it comes to both major policy decisions and the choices we make in our everyday lives, limiting our impulse toward empathy is often the most compassionate choice we can make.

The Second-Person Perspective in Aquinas’s Ethics

The Second-Person Perspective in Aquinas’s Ethics PDF

Author: Andrew Pinsent

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-10-18

Total Pages: 173

ISBN-13: 1136479147

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Thomas Aquinas devoted a substantial proportion of his greatest works to the virtues. Yet, despite the availability of these texts (and centuries of commentary), Aquinas’s virtue ethics remains mysterious, leaving readers with many unanswered questions. In this book, Pinsent argues that the key to understanding Aquinas’s approach is to be found in an association between: a) attributes he appends to the virtues, and b) interpersonal capacities investigated by the science of social cognition, especially in the context of autistic spectrum disorder. The book uses this research to argue that Aquinas’s approach to the virtues is radically non-Aristotelian and founded on the concept of second-person relatedness. To demonstrate the explanatory power of this principle, Pinsent shows how the second-person perspective gives interpretation to Aquinas’s descriptions of the virtues and offers a key to long-standing problems, such as the reconciliation of magnanimity and humility. The principle of second-person relatedness also interprets acts that Aquinas describes as the fruition of the virtues. Pinsent concludes by considering how this approach may shape future developments in virtue ethics.

The Person and the Situation

The Person and the Situation PDF

Author: Lee Ross

Publisher: Pinter & Martin Publishers

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 502

ISBN-13: 1905177445

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How does the situation we're in influence the way we behave and think? Professors Ross and Nisbett eloquently argue that the context we find ourselves in substantially affects our behavior in this timely reissue of one of social psychology's classic textbooks. With a new foreword by Malcolm Gladwell, author of The Tipping Point.

A New Coat for Anna

A New Coat for Anna PDF

Author: Harriet Ziefert

Publisher: Dragonfly Books

Published: 1988-05-12

Total Pages: 38

ISBN-13: 0394898613

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"A fresh and moving story of a mother's dedication to acquire a coat for her daughter in post-World War II hard times. Anna's mother decides to trade the few valuables she has left for wool and for the services of a spinner, a weaver, and a tailor. Lobel's pictures do a tremendous job of evoking the period. Insightful and informative, this may make children consider how precious the ordinary can become in times of turmoil."--(starred review) Booklist

Hills Like White Elephants

Hills Like White Elephants PDF

Author: Ernest Hemingway

Publisher: Open Road Media

Published: 2023-01-01

Total Pages: 15

ISBN-13: 1504083768

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A couple’s future hangs in the balance as they wait for a train in a Spanish café in this short story by a Nobel and Pulitzer Prize–winning author. At a small café in rural Spain, a man and woman have a conversation while they wait for their train to Madrid. The subtle, casual nature of their talk masks a more complicated situation that could endanger the future of their relationship. First published in the 1927 collection Men Without Women, “Hills Like White Elephants” exemplifies Ernest Hemingway’s style of spare, tight prose that continues to win readers over to this day.

The Last Ticket

The Last Ticket PDF

Author: Christopher Sharp

Publisher:

Published: 2017-09-13

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13: 9781947825390

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Steve and his family move more than two thousand miles across the country to find a new beginning and remake their life together. Unfortunately, things didn't turn out exactly as they planned. After the money ran short and he still couldn't find work he went to a day labor office as a last resort. On his first day there, he meets an unusual man that takes a special interest in him. As the man tries to dissuade him from working for the company, Steve tries to figure out why, that's when things get weird.

Midsummer

Midsummer PDF

Author: Derek Walcott

Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux

Published: 2014-09-09

Total Pages: 76

ISBN-13: 1466880430

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The poems in this sequence of fifty-four were written to encompass one year, from summer to summer. Their principal themes are the stasis, both stultifying and provocative, of midsummer in the tropics; the pull of the sea, family, and friendship on one whose cricumstances lead to separation; the relationship of poetry to painting; and the place of a poet between two cultures. Walcott records, with his distinctive linguistic blend of soaring imagery and plainly stated facts, the experience of a mid-lief period--in reality and in memory or the imagination. As Louis Simpson wrote on the publication of Wacott's The Fortunate Traveller, "Walcott is a spellbinder. Of how many poets can it be said that their poems are compelling--not a mere stringing together of images and ideas but language that delights in itself, rhythms that seem spontaneous, scenes that are vividly there?...The poet who can write like this is a master."

How to Write a Novel

How to Write a Novel PDF

Author: Nathan Bransford

Publisher: Nathan Bransford

Published: 2019-10-15

Total Pages: 183

ISBN-13: 173414940X

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Author and former literary agent Nathan Bransford shares his secrets for creating killer plots, fleshing out your first ideas, crafting compelling characters, and staying sane in the process. Read the guide that New York Times bestselling author Ransom Riggs called "The best how-to-write-a-novel book I've read."

Religion and Sexuality in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Religion and Sexuality in Cross-Cultural Perspective PDF

Author: Stephen Ellingson

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-03-18

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 113537595X

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Issues of sexuality and gender are hotly contested in both religious communities and national cultures around the world. In the social sciences, religious traditions are often depicted as inherently conservative or even reactionary in their commitments to powerful patriarchal and pronatalist sexual norms and gender categories. In illuminating the practices of religious traditions in various cultures, these essays expose the diversity of religious rituals and mythologies pertaining to sexuality. In the process the contributors challenge conventional notions of what is normative in our sexual lives.