Freiheit und Schuld: Darstellung an den Gedanken Kants

Freiheit und Schuld: Darstellung an den Gedanken Kants PDF

Author: Manuel Berg

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2009-05-15

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13: 3640328191

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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2008 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Sonstiges, Note: 2,7, Universität Osnabrück (Katholische Theologie), Veranstaltung: Freiheit und Schuld, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Arbeit möchte sich zunächst mit Kant ́s Gedanken zur Thematik des Bösen beschäftigen und im Verlauf klären, woher sich das moralisch Böse ableiten lässt und welche Problematik sich daraus ergibt. Insbesondere möchte ich der Frage nach dem Maximum des Bösen näher nachgehen, sowie auch der Rolle der Vernunft und des Willens, denn, was bringt uns dazu, böse Gedanken zu hegen und wie wirken sich diese auf unser Leben aus? Im weiteren Verlauf dieser Arbeit möchte ich näher auf die Begriffe der Willens- und Wesensfreiheit bei Thomas von Aquin eingehen. In diesem Punkt möchte ich u. a. klären, was der Mensch tun muss, um ganz er selbst zu werden. Wie kann der Mensch in seine ihm eigenste Wesensgestalt gelangen und welche Rolle spielt hierbei der Wille? Was muss der Wille wollen, damit das Wesen Mensch seine Autarkie erlangt? Welche Funktion spielt in diesem Sinne die Wahrheit? Wie erfahre ich sie und wie kann der Mensch durch sie frei werden? Welchen Einfluss haben äußere Determinanten auf den Menschen? Diese Frage stellt für den weiteren Verlauf eine gute Überleitung zu Kant ́s Überlegungen zum Autonomieverständnis dar. Hier möchte ich der Frage nachgehen, inwiefern der Mensch von sich selbst behaupten kann, dass er das, was er getan auch wirklich gewollt hat. Welche Rolle spielen in diesem Zusammenhang die Vernunft und der Akt der Erkenntnis? Ab wann kann der Mensch von sich selbst behaupten, er sei frei oder selbstbestimmt, und wie steht es um das eigene Gewissen? Kann uns das Gewissen den Weg zu Gott weisen? Wie soll man sein Leben nach kant ́schem Verständnis nach ausrichten, um frei zu werden? Gibt es in Kant ́s Vorstellungen vielleicht eine Möglichkeit, einen Moment oder eine Situation, in welcher der Mensch moralisch frei werden kann, ohne dass die sinnliche Natur auf ihn einwirkt? Anschließend möchte ich versuchen zu erklären, woher Kant die bösen Taten der Menschen herleitet und wie er eine Beziehung zwischen dem Willen Gottes und dem Willen des Menschen begründet. Zum Abschluss dieser Arbeit soll eine kritische Stellungnahme zur empirischen Ethik erfolgen, in der ich versuche aufzuzeigen, dass das Handeln des Menschen nicht rein naturwissenschaftlich begründbar ist und dass wir Menschen nicht die willenlosen Sklaven unserer Gene sind. Eine eigene Stellungnahme soll diese Arbeit abrunden und meine eigene Sicht der Dinge verdeutlichen, als auch nochmals die Grenzen der empirischen Ethik darlegen...

A Modern History of German Criminal Law

A Modern History of German Criminal Law PDF

Author: Thomas Vormbaum

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-10-01

Total Pages: 324

ISBN-13: 3642372732

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Increasingly, international governmental networks and organisations make it necessary to master the legal principles of other jurisdictions. Since the advent of international criminal tribunals this need has fully reached criminal law. A large part of their work is based on comparative research. The legal systems which contribute most to this systemic discussion are common law and civil law, sometimes called continental law. So far this dialogue appears to have been dominated by the former. While there are many reasons for this, one stands out very clearly: Language. English has become the lingua franca of international legal research. The present book addresses this issue. Thomas Vormbaum is one of the foremost German legal historians and the book's original has become a cornerstone of research into the history of German criminal law beyond doctrinal expositions; it allows a look at the system’s genesis, its ideological, political and cultural roots. In the field of comparative research, it is of the utmost importance to have an understanding of the law’s provenance, in other words its historical DNA.

Kant and the Limits of Autonomy

Kant and the Limits of Autonomy PDF

Author: Susan Meld Shell

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2009-08-30

Total Pages: 448

ISBN-13: 9780674054608

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Autonomy for Kant is not just a synonym for the capacity to choose, whether simple or deliberative. It is what the word literally implies: the imposition of a law on one's own authority and out of one's own rational resources. In Kant and the Limits of Autonomy, Shell explores the limits of Kantian autonomy--both the force of its claims and the complications to which they give rise. Through a careful examination of major and minor works, Shell argues for the importance of attending to the difficulty inherent in autonomy and to the related resistance that in Kant's view autonomy necessarily provokes in us. Such attention yields new access to Kant's famous, and famously puzzling, Groundlaying of the Metaphysics of Morals. It also provides for a richer and more unified account of Kant's later political and moral works; and it highlights the pertinence of some significant but neglected early writings, including the recently published Lectures on Anthropology. Kant and the Limits of Autonomy is both a rigorous, philosophically and historically informed study of Kantian autonomy and an extended meditation on the foundation and limits of modern liberalism.

Studies in Early Greek Philosophy

Studies in Early Greek Philosophy PDF

Author: Jaap Mansfeld

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2018-09-11

Total Pages: 438

ISBN-13: 9004382062

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Jaap Mansfeld’s Studies in Early Greek Philosophy span the period from Anaximander to Socrates. General issues and particular problems of interpretation are tackled by a scrutiny of the sources, and of traditions of reception both ancient and modern.

The Will to Power

The Will to Power PDF

Author: Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2017-04-08

Total Pages: 172

ISBN-13: 9781545225370

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The Will to Power - An Attempted Transvaluation of All Values by Friedrich Nietzsche Translated By Anthony m. Ludovici VOL. I BOOKS I AND II The will to power is a prominent concept in the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. The will to power describes what Nietzsche may have believed to be the main driving force in humans - achievement, ambition, and the striving to reach the highest possible position in life. These are all manifestations of the will to power; however, the concept was never systematically defined in Nietzsche's work, leaving its interpretation open to debate. Alfred Adler incorporated the will to power into his individual psychology. This can be contrasted to the other Viennese schools of psychotherapy: Sigmund Freud's pleasure principle (will to pleasure) and Viktor Frankl's logotherapy. Each of these schools advocates and teaches a very different essential driving force in human beings. Throughout the 1880s, in his notebooks, Nietzsche also developed an equally elusive theory of the "eternal recurrence of the same" and much speculation on the physical possibility of this idea and the mechanics of its actualization recur in his later notebooks. Here, the will to power as a potential physics is integrated with the postulated eternal recurrence. Taken literally as a theory for how things are, Nietzsche appears to imagine a physical universe of perpetual struggle and force that repeatedly completes its cycle and returns to the beginning.

The Different Modes of Existence

The Different Modes of Existence PDF

Author: Étienne Souriau

Publisher: U of Minnesota Press

Published: 2016-03-01

Total Pages: 213

ISBN-13: 1937561801

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What relation is there between the existence of a work of art and that of a living being? Between the existence of an atom and that of a value like solidarity? These questions become our own each time a reality—whether it is a piece of music, someone we love, or a fictional character—is established and begins to take on an importance in our lives. Like William James or Gilles Deleuze, Souriau methodically defends the thesis of an existential pluralism. There are indeed different manners of existing and even different degrees or intensities of existence: from pure phenomena to objectivized things, by way of the virtual and the “super-existent,” to which works of art and the intellect, and even morality, bear witness. Existence is polyphonic, and, as a result, the world is considerably enriched and enlarged. Beyond all that exists in the ordinary sense of the term, it is necessary to allow for all sorts of virtual and ephemeral states, transitional realms, and barely begun realities, still in the making, all of which constitute so many “inter-worlds.”

Philosophy and Religion in German Idealism

Philosophy and Religion in German Idealism PDF

Author: William Desmond

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2004-08-18

Total Pages: 226

ISBN-13: 9781402023248

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This volume comprises studies written by prominent scholars working in the field of German Idealism. These scholars come from the English speaking philosophical world and Continental Europe. They treat major aspects of the place of religion in Idealism, Romanticism and other schools of thought and culture. They also discuss the tensions and relations between religion and philosophy in terms of the specific form they take in German Idealism, and in terms of the effect they still have on contemporary culture. The authors consider figures such as Kant, Fichte, Hegel, and Jacobi. The book will prove very informative to researchers and teachers working in the fields of philosophy, philosophy of religion, and classical German philosophy.

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